Evaluation of Apoptotic and Autophagic Effects of Thioridazine in Monolayer and Spheroid Cell Cultures

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dc.contributor.authorErsöz E.
dc.contributor.authorYapar R.
dc.contributor.authorÇelik B.
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:03:30Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:03:30Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequently seen brain tumor in adults. It is clear that new therapeutic agents are needed in this area. Spheroid cell cultures have advantages on imitating in vivo environment. Therefore, we investigated apoptotic and autophagic effects of Thioridazine (THZ) which is a potential anti-cancer agent on GBM cell lines, T98G and U-87 MG, comparatively in monolayer and spheroid cell cultures. The cytotoxic effect of THZ on cells was evaluated by MTT method. Besides, apoptotic and autophagic effects of THZ were determined by Annexin V and LC-3 antibody based methods. Validation performed also by assessment of apoptosis and autophagy with specific inhibitors. The analysis has revealed that IC50 values at 24 h were 12,67 μM (T98G) and 12.80 μM (U-87 MG) in monolayer cell culture, 29.30 μM (T98G) and 28.68 μM (U-87 MG) in spheroid cell culture. While apoptotic cell rate was determined at 24 h approximate 15% in both cell lines and cell cultures, autophagy induction rate was increased by 6.5-(T98G) and 5.6-(U-87 MG) fold in monolayer cell culture and by 3.3-(T98G) and 4.5-(U-87 MG) fold in spheroid cell culture. In our study THZ stimulates mostly autophagy rather than apoptosis. In addition, it can be suggested that in vitro cytotoxicity studies should perform with not only monolayer cell cultures but also with spheroid cell cultures for obtaining in vivo-like data. When all the evaluations are considered, THZ might be thought as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.5505/ejm.2023.73555
dc.identifier.issn13010883
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/12315
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherYuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi
dc.rightsAll Open Access; Gold Open Access
dc.subjectantiinfective agent
dc.subjectantineoplastic agent
dc.subjectautophagy
dc.subjectchloroquine
dc.subjectlipocortin 5
dc.subjectreactive oxygen metabolite
dc.subjectthioridazine
dc.subjectunclassified drug
dc.subjectanalysis of variance
dc.subjectapoptosis
dc.subjectapoptosis rate
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectautophagy (cellular)
dc.subjectbrain tumor
dc.subjectcell cycle arrest
dc.subjectcell proliferation
dc.subjectcell viability
dc.subjectcytotoxicity
dc.subjectcytotoxicity assay
dc.subjectdrug toxicity
dc.subjectflow cytometry
dc.subjectglioblastoma
dc.subjectglioblastoma cell line
dc.subjectglioblastoma multiforme cell line
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjecthuman cell
dc.subjectIC50
dc.subjectin vitro study
dc.subjectin vivo study
dc.subjectLeishmania infantum
dc.subjectmonolayer culture
dc.subjectMTT assay
dc.subjectspheroid cell
dc.subjectT98G cell line
dc.subjectU-87MG ATCC cell line
dc.subjectU-87MG-Luc cell line
dc.titleEvaluation of Apoptotic and Autophagic Effects of Thioridazine in Monolayer and Spheroid Cell Cultures
dc.typeArticle

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