Mirzai H.2024-07-222024-07-22200401691112http://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/19945Surgical treatment becomes a current issue when conservative treatments are insufficient in the treatment of chronic and refractory pain. With surgical treatments, conduction of pain and its perception by the central nervous system are inhibited by neuroablative, neurostimulative methods and techniques such as provision of pain relief with the use of reservoirs and pumps. Among commonly applied neurosurgical procedures for this purpose are microvascular decompression, DREZ (dorsal root entry zone) lesioning, open or percutaneous cervical chordotomy, radiofrequency thermocoagulation, implantation of morphine reservoir and stimulator. With improvement of technical apparatus and equipment and with stereotactic and endoscopic advances the tolerability of surgical treatments has increased.Englishcarbamazepinecontrast mediumglycerolmorphineanalgesiaballoon occlusionbrain depth stimulationcancer painchronic painconservative treatmentcordotomydecompression surgerydorsal root entry zone lesioningelectrostimulationendoscopic surgeryheadachehumanhypophysectomyimplantationinterventional radiologymicrovascular surgerynerve stimulationneurosurgerynociceptionpostoperative complicationradiofrequencyreviewstereotaxic surgerysurgical approachsurgical techniquesympathectomythermocoagulationtranscutaneous nerve stimulationtreatment indicationtrigeminus neuralgiaReview10.1163/1568569042664477