Taşdemir Ş.Morçimen Z.G.Doǧan A.A.Görgün C.Şendemir A.2024-07-222024-07-22202323739878http://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/11876Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene and its derivatives are widely exploited for biomedical applications. It has been shown that graphene may exert different degrees of toxicity in in vivo or in vitro models when administered via different routes and penetrated through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed within tissues or located within cells. In this study, in vitro neurotoxicity of graphene with different surface areas (150 and 750 m2/g) was examined on dopaminergic neuron model cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with graphene possessing two different surface areas (150 and 750 m2/g) in different concentrations between 400 and 3.125 μg/mL, and the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were investigated. Both sizes of graphene have shown increased cell viability in decreasing concentrations. Cell damage increased with higher surface area. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) results have concluded that the viability loss of the cells is not through membrane damage. Neither of the two graphene types showed damage through lipid peroxidation (MDA) oxidative stress pathway. Glutathione (GSH) values increased within the first 24 and 48 h for both types of graphene. This increase suggests that graphene has an antioxidant effect on the SH-SY5Y model neurons. Comet analysis shows that graphene does not show genotoxicity on either surface area. Although there are many studies on graphene and its derivatives on their use with different cells in the literature, there are conflicting results in these studies, and most of the literature is focused on graphene oxide. Among these studies, no study examining the effect of graphene surface areas on the cell was found. Our study contributes to the literature in terms of examining the cytotoxic and genotoxic behavior of graphene with different surface areas. © 2023 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.EnglishAll Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open AccessAntioxidantsCell Line, TumorGlutathioneGraphiteHumansNeuroblastomaOxidative StressCellsCytologyMedical applicationsNeuronsPhysicochemical propertiesPhysiological modelsToxicityantioxidantcaspase 3caspase 7glutathionegraphenegraphene oxidelactate dehydrogenaselipidneuroprotective agentreactive oxygen metaboliteantioxidantglutathionegraphiteBiomedical applicationsCell-beCell/B.ECell/BEGenotoxicitiesIn-vivoNeurotoxicityPhysicochemical propertySH-SY5YSurface areaantioxidant activityapoptosisArticlecell damagecell viabilitycomet assayconcentration (parameter)controlled studycytotoxicityDNA damageDNA fragmentationendosomegenetic manipulationgenotoxicityhumanhuman cellin vitro studylipid peroxidationmembrane damagenerve cellneuroprotectionneurotoxicityoxidative stressphagosomeSH-SY5Y cell linesurface areasynaptic transmissionultraviolet radiationmetabolismneuroblastomatumor cell lineGrapheneArticle10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00104