Durukan Tolvanen A.Tatlisumak E.Pedrono E.Abo-Ramadan U.Tatlisumak T.2024-07-222024-07-22201700068993http://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/15462Transient ischemic attack (TIA) has received only little attention in the experimental research field. Recently, we introduced a TIA model for mice, and here we set similar principles for simulating this human condition in Wistar rats. In the model: 1) transient nature of the event is ensured, and 2) 24 h after the event animals are free from any sensorimotor deficit and from any detectable lesion by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Animals experienced varying durations of ischemia (5, 10, 12.5, 15, 25, and 30 min, n = 6–8 per group) by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ischemia severity and reperfusion rates were controlled by cerebral blood flow measurements. Sensorimotor neurological evaluations and MRI at 24 h differentiated between TIA and ischemic stroke. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and apoptotic cell counts revealed pathological correlates of the event. We found that already 12.5 min of ischemia was long enough to induce ischemic stroke in Wistar rats. Ten min or shorter durations induced neither gross neurological deficits nor infarcts visible on MRI, but histologically caused selective neuronal necrosis. A separate group of animals with 10 min of ischemia followed up to 1 week after reperfusion remained free of infarction and any MRI signal change. Thus, 10 min or shorter focal cerebral ischemia induced by intraluminal MCAO in Wistar rats provides a clinically relevant TIA the rat. This model is useful for studying molecular correlates of TIA. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.EnglishAnimalsApoptosisBrain IschemiaCerebrovascular CirculationDisease Models, AnimalInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryIschemic Attack, TransientMaleNecrosisNeuronsRatsRats, WistarReperfusionStrokeTime Factorsadultanimal experimentanimal modelapoptosisArticleblood flowmetrybrain blood flowbrain ischemiabrain sizecell countcomparative studycontrolled studydisease durationdisease severityfollow uphistopathologymalemiddle cerebral artery occlusionnerve cell necrosisnonhumannuclear magnetic resonance imagingpriority journalratrectum temperaturereperfusiontransient ischemic attackTUNEL assayweight reductionanimalbrain circulationcerebral artery diseasecerebrovascular accidentcomplicationdisease modelnecrosisnerve cellpathologyphysiologyprocedurestime factortransient ischemic attackveterinaryWistar ratArticle10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.010