Sertoz R.Tekin D.Erensoy S.Biceroglu S.Kaptan F.Köse S.Ozkan H.Cetin B.Türken M.Gokengin D.2024-07-222024-07-2220231570162Xhttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/12223Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the antiretroviral drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients in the Aegean Region of Turkey from 2012 to 2019. Methods: The study included 814 plasma samples from treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients. Drug resistance analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing (SS) between 2012-2017 and by next-generation sequencing sequencing (NGS) between 2018-2019. SS was used to analyze resistance mutations in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) gene regions using a ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System. PCR products were analyzed with an ABI3500 GeneticAnalyzer (Ap-plied Biosystems). The sequencing of the HIV genome in the PR, RT, and integrase gene regions was carried out using MiSeq NGS technology. Drug resistance mutations and subtypes were inter-preted using the Stanford University HIV-1 drug resistance database. Results: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was detected in 34/814 (4.1 %) samples. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations were identified in 1.4 % (n =12), 2.4 % (n =20), and 0.3 % (n = 3) of samples, respectively. The most common subtypes were B (53.1 %), A (10.9%), CRF29_BF (10.6%), and B + CRF02_AG (8,2%). The most common TDR mutations were E138A (3.4%), T215 revertants (1.7%), M41L (1.5%), and K103N (1.1%). Conclusion: Transmitted drug resistance rate in the Aegean Region is compatible with national and regional data. Routine surveillance of resistance mutations may guide the safe and correct selection of initial drug combinations for antiretroviral therapy. The identification of HIV-1 subtypes and re-combinant forms in Turkey may contribute to international molecular epidemiological data. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.EnglishAnti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralGenotypeHIV InfectionsHIV SeropositivityHIV-1HumansMutationPrevalenceReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsTurkeyabacavirantiretrovirus agentatazanaviratazanavir plus ritonavirdarunavir plus ritonavirdidanosineefavirenzemtricitabineetravirineHuman immunodeficiency virus core protein p24Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitorintegraselopinavirnelfinavirnevirapinenonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorproteinaserilpivirineritonavirRNA directed DNA polymeraseRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitorsaquinavirstavudinetenofovirtipranavirzidovudineanti human immunodeficiency virus agentRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitoradolescentadultagedantiretroviral therapyantiviral resistanceArticlechemiluminescent microparticle immunoassaychilddisease transmissionfemalegene mutationgenotypinghigh throughput sequencinghumanHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus infected patientmajor clinical studymalereverse transcription polymerase chain reactionSanger sequencingTurkey (republic)virus genomeantiviral resistancegeneticsgenotypeHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Human immunodeficiency virus infectionmutationprevalenceturkey (bird)Article10.2174/1570162X21666230525145529