Kirmaz, C2024-07-182024-07-18http://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/2846Urticaria is an erythematous and vascular skin reactions, usually accompanied by the presence of sever itching, slightly raised papules or plaques. The lesions generally heal within a few hours without any trace. Urticarial attacks that last for 6 weeks are called acute urticarial. Generally, it is an isolated event without a systemic reaction but rarely, it may be a precursor to the onset of an anaphylactic reaction. it is usually diagnosed by a detailed patient history and physical examination. Sometimes laboratory tests are used to prove the diagnosis and causality. Although clinically different, it can be misdiagnosed like atopic dermatitis (eczema), maculopapular drug rashes, contact dermatitis, insect bites, erythema multiforme, pityriasis rosea. Antihistamines are the primary agents used to treat urticaria. The second generation of anti-histamines is essentially sufficient; rarely may need to go up to four times the daily dose. In some patients, the addition of H2-antagonists to H1-antagonists enhances treatment efficacy. In cases resistant to anti-histamines, short-term per-oral or single dose long-acting parenteral corticosteroids such as 5-7 days may be used. In addition, tricyclic anti-depressants are useful in a rare group.TurkishDOUBLE-BLINDANGIOEDEMAMANAGEMENTDIAGNOSISCYCLOSPORINEAUTOIMMUNITYASSOCIATIONDEFINITIONGUIDELINEETIOLOGYArticle; Book Chapter