Ketenci A.Gochicoa-Rangel L.Yılmaz Ö.2025-04-102025-04-102021http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14701/46253The most frequent reason for death in children worldwide who are under the age of 5 years is pneumonia. It is estimated that 808,000 children died due to pneumonia in 2017 (WHO), representing higher than five deaths to pneumonia per 1000 live births [1]. This child mortality disproportionately affects lower- and middle-income nations, but even in developed countries pneumonia still causes considerable morbidity and healthcare costs. Epidemiological research carried out in the USA ascertained a rate of 15.7 cases of community-acquired pneumonia per 10,000 children resulting in admission to hospital. The highest risk for this event was amongst children aged below 2 years [1–3]. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Book chapter10.1007/978-3-030-80691-0_79