Varol T.2024-07-222024-07-22200010165134http://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/20523The terrestrial animals are continuously under the effect of gravity. Gravity plays a role as an environmental factor, which determinates the process of intrauterine and postnatal development starting from fertilisation to every stage of life. The effect of gravity on the living organisms has become more important since space travelling with human and the possibility of colonisation in the space. There is great research on the effect of microgravity as an altered environmental factor in the space and in the planet which has smaller mass than earth. The progressive decreased bone mass occurs in the microgravity environment. This space osteoporosis which is similar to postmenopausal osteoporosis associates especially in the sponges part of weight bearing bones. It has been explained by the sensitivity of the osteoblast against the gravity and has been shown by the studies, which the number and the function of these cells were decreased in the microgravity environment. Rapid skeletal muscle atrophy and decrease of the neuronal activation in the CNS can be seen in the microgravity environment. There is also clear decrease of the number of T lymphocyte in microgravity conditions but it has not yet shown that this is a dangerous risk for human health. Other clinical symptoms like moderate hypothyroidism, decrease of insulin sensitivity, anaemia due to decrease of the erithropoietin levels in this conditions are still remains unclear, however, it seems that they are originated from the decrease of mobility and the decrease of energy requirement. In contrast, there is increase of cathecholamine activity that seems parodoxal. The negative effect of microgravity on the fertilisation and embryogenesis has not been shown yet and it does not effect lactation and maternal behaviour. Microgravity results in changes in the vestibular otolith organs and in the processing of inputs from otolith receptors and in alterations in the gain of vestibular influences on cardiovascular control which may produce orthostatic hypotension. The results of studies in the simulation of microgravity in the world and/or in the space laboratory shows that locomotor system, vestibular system and endocrine system are more effected by the microgravity environment. Although, these studies are still far away from the clear answers of the scientific questions for this matter but the life in microgravity and the possibility of alternative treatment using microgravity are not impossible and not a dream.Turkishcatecholamineerythropoietinanemiacardiovascular functionembryo developmentendocrine systemfertilizationgravityhumanhypothyroidisminsulin sensitivitylymphocytopeniamicrogravitymuscle atrophymusculoskeletal systemosteoporosisreviewspace flightT lymphocytevestibular systemweightlessnessReview