Browsing by Author "Çabuk, M"
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Item Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and herbal essential oil blend supplementation on performance and oxidative stability of eggs and liver in laying hensBozkurt, M; Tokusoglu, Ö; Küçükyilmaz, K; Aksit, H; Çabuk, M; Çatli, AU; Seyrek, K; Çinar, MThe role of dietary supplemental mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and an essential oil blend (EOB) on performance of laying hens, and susceptibility of egg yolk and hen liver to lipid oxidation were examined. Four hundred and thirty-two 52-week old Lohmann laying hens were divided into three groups and fed a basal diet containing no antioxidant as control (CNT), basal diet plus 1 g/kg MOS and basal diet with 24 mg/kg EOB, for a 10-week experimental period. Supplementation of diet with MOS and EOB improved egg production rate and eggshell weight, but did not influence other performance or egg quality traits. MOS and EOB provided higher antioxidant activity in egg yolk than the control regimen at all storage time periods. EOB also retained the oxidative stability of liver by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), were higher in birds fed the additives. MOS and EOB tended to increase serum glucose concentration (6.2% and 8.8%, respectively) while they slightly decreased triglycerides (11.0% and 4.8%, respectively) without affecting cholesterol level. Relative weight of pancreas and spleen were not affected by dietary treatments whereas diet supplemented with EOB significantly increased liver weight. The findings of this study suggest that EOB and MOS could act as free radical scavengers that enhance performance and also increase eggshell weight.Item Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Lentil Byproduct on Performance and Oxidative Stability of Eggs in Laying QuailÇabuk, M; Eratak, S; Malayoglu, HBOne hundred and sixty-eight 11-week-old laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed one of the following three diets: (1) control: basal diet with no lentil (Lens culinaris L.) byproduct; (2) inclusion of 10% lentil byproduct; (3) inclusion of 20% lentil byproduct. In the recent years, colour sorting machines are used in order to separate red lentils according to their colours. The goal is to select the items which are discoloured, not as ripe as required, or still with hull even after dehulling of lentil seed. During the sorting, a new byproduct called sorting byproduct leftover is obtained. The byproduct is cleaner and is of a higher quality than other lentil byproducts. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of the inclusion of different levels of lentil byproduct on laying quail performance. The experimental treatment included 10% or 20% lentil byproduct in the diet, and this was fed to quails aged between 11 and 22 weeks. The inclusion of 10% and 20% levels of lentil byproduct in the diet significantly increased egg production, but feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected. Egg weight decreased significantly following the inclusion of 20% lentil byproduct. The inclusion of lentil byproduct in the diet increased the deposition of yellow yolk pigments and decreased malonaldehyde formation in the yolk.Item The Long Term Effects of Fairly Low-level of Supplemental Fat on the Productive Performance of Commercial LayersBozkurt, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Çabuk, M; Çath, AULaying hens were fed commercial diets added with supplemented fat (SFAT) at 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8% in order to study the long term dietary effects - on - their productive performance from 22 to 75 wk of age. Five hundred and seventy six Single Comb White Leghorn hens were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments. The experimental phase consisted of three periods of 18 wk each. The final body weight and gain of hens fed on diets with SFAT at 1.2% and 1.8% were lower (p<0.05) than those hens given no SFAT. The SFAT at the 1.2% and 1.8% levels improved egg production rate, egg weight and mass, as well as FCR. Mortality and feed consumption were not affected by dietary SFAT. Administration of a diet with sFAT significantly decreased the cracked-broken egg ratio (p<0.01). The beneficial effects of SFAT on egg production performance were particularly more pronounced at intermediate and later ages. Hence, SFAT by period interactions were significant for all traits studied except feed intake. Hens fed SFAT deposited significantly higher abdominal fat than those on the no-SFAT diet. As a result, SFAT at 1.2% and 1.8% inclusion levels provided benefits in terms of efficient table egg production.Item Performance of layer or broiler breeder hens varies in response to different probiotic preparationsBozkurt, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Ayhan, V; Çabuk, M; Çatli, AUThe effect of three probiotic dietary supplements on the laying and reproductive performance of layer hens and broiler breeder hens was investigated. A total of four hundred and eighty, 22-week-old layer hens were given diets containing one of three probiotics (1 g/kg diet for each probiotics) from weeks 22 to 49. Seven hundred and twenty female and sixty-four male broiler breeders were also subjected to the same additive feeding procedure between 21 and 50 weeks of age. The layer hen and breeder trials were initiated simultaneously and performed in pens located in the same area. Either egg production rate or egg weight was affected by the microbial cultures administered. Body weight and mortality were not affected. Egg production rate, egg weight and egg mass benefited from some of the probiotics, while, overall, the probiotics led to significant improvements in the feed conversion rate of layer hens. All of the probiotic preparations decreased the cracked-to-broken egg ratio, compared to the untreated control group. One of the three probiotic supplements significantly improved the egg production rate and increased the settable egg and chick yield per hen in broiler breeders, whereas, overall, probiotics tended to decrease settable egg weight. Probiotics enhanced hatchability, but no beneficial effects were observed on fertility. Based on these findings, it can be said that the microbial cultures in the probiotic preparations exhibited host-specific and strain-specific differences in their activities as performance-enhancer feed additives, with improvements in some selected performance parameters.Item Effect of Herbal Essential Oil mixture on Intestinal Mucosal Development, Growth Performance, and Weights of Internal Organs of QuailsÇabuk, M; Eratak, S; Alçiçek, A; Tuglu, IThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of herbal essential oil mixture on intestinal mucosal development, weights of the internal organs, carcass characteristics, and growth performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 276 quails that were 1 day old were studied. The quails were weighed and divided into 3 groups, each with 4 replicates, consisting of a control, antibiotic (avilamycin 10 mg/kg diet), and the essential oil mixture (EOM) at 48 mg/kg diet. Supplementation with EOM and antibiotic significantly increased goblet cell size and goblet cell number on day 38. Villi height, villi width, and crypt depth were not affected by any treatment. Quails receiving the diet containing EOM and antibiotic were significantly heavier than those fed the control diet on days 28 and 38. No significant effects of the dietary treatments on feed intake were observed. Moreover, addition of EOM and antibiotic to the quail diet resulted in a significantly better feed conversion ratio than that of the control on days 28 and 38. No differences were observed for carcass yield or liver, gizzard, and small intestine weights. Beneficial effects of the EOM were observed in goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa.Item Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Lentil Byproducts on the Performance, Internal Organs Weight and Carcass Yield of Growing QuailsEratak, S; Çabuk, M; Alcicek, AThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of lentil byproducts on the growth performance, relative weight of internal organ and carcass traits of growing quails. Day-old quails (240; Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly divided into 4 treatments, each with 4 replicates: control, 10%, 15% and 20% lentil byproducts-fed to the quails between 1 to 35 days of age. The mash experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. No significant effects of the lentil byproduct inclusion level were observed on the mean total feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and body weight. Similarly, the relative weight of internal organs and carcass yield were not significantly affected by lentil byproducts' inclusion levels. The results indicate that lentil byproducts might be included in the diet of growing quails up to a level of 15% with no negative effects.Item The effect of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performanceAlçiçek, A; Bozkurt, M; Çabuk, MOne thousand two hundred and fifty sexed day-old broiler chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery were divided randomly into five treatment groups (negative control, antibiotic and essential oil combination (EOC) at three levels) of 250 birds each. Each treatment group was further sub-divided into five replicates of 50 birds (25 male and 25 female) per replicate. The oil in the EOC was extracted from different herbs growing in Turkey. The EOC at 24, 48 or 72 mg/kg diet and an antibiotic at 10 mg avilamycin/kg diet were added to the basal diet. There were significant effects of dietary treatments on body weight, feed intake (except at day 42), feed conversion ratio and carcass yield at 21 and 42 days. Body weights were significantly different between the treatments. The birds fed the diet containing 48 mg essential oil/kg were the highest, followed by those receiving the diets containing 72 mg essential oil/kg, the antibiotic, the negative control and the 24 mg essential oil/kg at day 42, respectively. From I to 21 and I to 42 days of age, feed conversion ratios were improved significantly by the supplementation with 48 and 72 mg essential oil/kg diet. The feed intakes were significantly different between the treatments at 21 days, but not at 42, days. Supplementation in excess of 48 mg EOC/kg had no additional beneficial effect on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield. The EOC, a feed additive of natural origin, may be considered as a potential growth promoter in broiler production.Item The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils, an organic acid or a probiotic on broiler performanceAlçiçek, A; Bozkurt, M; Çabuk, MThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary Supplementation with an essential oil mixture, a commercially available organic acid and a probiotic oil growth performance and carcass yield of broilers. One thousand two hundred and fifty sexed one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups of 250 birds each (negative control, organic acid, probiotic and essential oil mixture (EOM) at two levels). Each treatment group was further sub-divided into five replicates of 50 birds (25 male and 25 female) per replicate. The oil in the EOM was extracted from different herbs growing in Turkey. Ail organic acid at 2.5 g/kg diet, a probiotic at 1 g/kg diet and the EOM at 36 mg and 48 mg/kg diet were added to the basal diet of the birds. There were significant effects of dietary treatments oil body weight gain, feed intake, carcass yield and intestinal weight of the broiler at 42 days of age. At day 42, birds fed the diet containing 36 mg EOM/kg showed the highest body weight gain. This was followed by chicks on the diet containing 48 mg EOM/kg, the probiotic, the organic acid and the negative control, in descending order. The addition of the essential Oil Mixture to the diet improved the feed conversion ratio significantly as compared to the negative control and the organic acid treatment. The feed intakes at days 21 and 42 were significantly different between the treatments. The addition of 48 mg EOM/kg increased carcass yield significantly above the other treatments, while the addition of EOM and the organic acid reduced the intestinal weight significantly. It was Concluded that the Supplementation of the herbal essential Oil Mixture to broiler diet had beneficial effects oil body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield.Item Influences of an essential oil mixture supplementation to corn versus wheat-based practical diets on growth, organ size, intestinal morphology and immune response of male and female broilersBozkurt, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Çatli, AU; Özyildiz, Z; Çinar, M; Çabuk, M; Çöven, FThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet type, supplementation diet with an essential oil mixture (EOM), and bird gender on the growth performance, carcass yield, internal organ weight, immune response, and small intestine histology of broiler chickens. To do this, a 2 2 2 factorial arrangement was designed. The variables used were: two diet types (based on either wheat or corn), 2 feed additives (with or without EOM), and gender (male or female). EOM supplementation in the diet decreased body weight in corn-fed male birds at Days 21 and 42, but not in those fed the wheat-based diet, signifying a diet EOM gender interaction. Cumulative feed intake was not influenced by either the diet type or EOM. The feed conversion ratio was not affected by diet type, whereas EOM improved feed conversion ratio over the 42-day growth period. Feeding birds on wheat decreased the carcass yield while it increased relative small intestine and large intestine weight. Relative weights of liver, bursa fabricius and serum infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease (ND) titers were not affected by any of the variables studied. EOM supplementation and feeding birds on corn increased jejunal villus height at both 21 and 42 days of age, while bird gender showed no effect. In general, EOM positively influenced body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion in broiler chickens. Birds receiving the corn-based diet were more efficient in converting feed to body mass as compared to those fed on the wheat-based diet.Item Effects of dietary fish oil and flax seed on cholesterol and fatty acid composition of egg yolk and blood parameters of laying hensBasmacioglu, H; Çabuk, M; Ünal, K; Özkan, K; Akkan, S; Yalçin, HThis study was conducted to determine the effects of the supplementation of different levels of fish oil (FO) and flax seed (FS) in the diets of layers on the content of egg yolk fatty acid, cholesterol, blood parameters, egg production and egg quality criteria. In the experiment, a total of 120 Isa-White laying hens of 34 weeks of age were used. Hens were divided randomly into five groups and fed different diets containing no FO and FS; 1.5% FO; 4.32% FS; 1.5% FO+4.32% FS and 8.64% FS for eight weeks. A significant decrease in yolk cholesterol content (mg/g yolk) was found in the eggs from hens fed the diets containing 1.5% FO and 8.64% FS as compared with the control. Adding FO and FS to diets significantly increased the total omega-3 fatty acids in eggs at 28 (phase 1) and 56 (phase 2) days of the trial. By contrast, the addition of both FO and FS to diets had no effect on total omega-6 fatty acids in eggs in phase 1. But dietary 1.5% FO, 4.32% FS and 1.5% FO+4.32% FS supplementation decreased significantly the total omega-6 fatty acids compared to the controls in phase 2. The linolenic acid content of eggs was the highest in eggs from hens fed the diet with added FS, while docosahexaenoic acid content was the highest in eggs from hens fed diets with added FO. Dietary supplementation of FO and FS did not significantly affect the concentrations of serum trigliceride and high density lipoprotein. The serum cholesterol level of hens fed diets containing 1.5% FO+4.32% FS and 8.64% FS was lower than the control group. The addition of FO and FS to diets did not cause any negative effect on some egg quality criteria such as egg weight, yolk weight, yolk ratio, albumen weight, albumen ratio, shell weight, shell ratio, shell strength and shell thickness. The egg production of hens fed a diet containing 4.32% FS was significantly higher than the controls. Feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by all treatments.Item Effects of Herbal Essential Oil Mixture as a Dietary Supplement on Egg Production in QuailÇabuk, M; Eratak, S; Alçicek, A; Bozkurt, AOne hundred and eighty 7-week-old laying quail were fed various diets over a 12-week period. The diets included a control diet (without essential oil mixture (EOM) or antibiotics (ANTs)), a basal diet including EOM (24 mg/kg feed), and a basal diet including an ANT (avilamycin, 10 mg/kg feed). Each treatment comprised 4 replications with 4 cages (15 quail per cage), amounting to 60 quail per treatment group. Diets (in mash form) and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. EOM consisted of 6 different essential oils derived from the following herbs: oregano (Origanum sp.), laurel leaf (Laurus nobilis L.), sage leaf (Salvia triloba L.), myrtle leaf (Myrtus communis), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare), and citrus peel (Citrus sp.). In comparison with the control diet, adding supplements such as EOM and ANTs to the basal diet increased egg production in quail (P < 0.001). However, egg production was similar between EOM and ANT treatment groups. Moreover, there were no differences between the treatment groups with regard to egg weight. Feed intake was not affected by EOM or ANT supplementation, whereas feed conversion ratio was significantly improved by EOM and ANT supplementation. Thus, we concluded that EOM has beneficial effects as a dietary supplement on egg production and feed conversion ratio.Item Effects of Dietary Ascorbic Acid on Blood Haematological Profile, Serum Biochemical Components and Tonic Immobility Reaction of Male Turkeys under Summer ConditionKonca, Y; Kirkpinar, F; Çabuk, MThis experiment was performed to determine the effects of dietary ascorbic acid (ASA) supplementation oil blood components, leukocyte and tonic immobility of male turkeys under summer conditions. A total of 120 one-day-old male turkeys were fed with three different diets. The experimental diets were: control without ASA (ASA-0), 150 mg of ASA/kg (ASA-150) and 300 mg of ASA/kg (ASA-300) of diet. The turkeys received the experimental diets for IS weeks. Diets ill mash form and water were provided ad libitum. In the ASA-150 and ASA-300 groups, the eosinophile and basophile ratios were higher than those of the ASA-0 group at 12 weeks of age (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), but lymphocyte (L), heterophil (H), monocyte, H: L ratio and tonic immobility were not influenced by the ASA levels (P > 0.05). Both dietary ASA levels caused a quadratic decrease in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (P < 0.05), whereas dietary ASA caused a finer increase in serum iron concentration of turkey. (P < 0.05). Serum glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein, albumin. globulin. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), urea, Uric acid and alpha amylase were not affected by the addition of ASA to the diets (P < 0.05). As a conclusion, blood haematological profile, serum biochemical components and tonic immobility of turkeys were not significantly affected by dietary ASA levels at chronic high summer temperatures in general. and, therefore, there is no need for ASA supplementation in turkeys' diets under summer temperatures that do not exceed 31.7 degrees C.Item Effects of administering an essential oil mixture and an organic acid blend separately and combined to diets on broiler performanceBozkurt, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Çatli, AU; Çinar, M; Çabuk, M; Alçiçek, AThis study compares the performance-enhancing effects of adding an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), a commercial organic acid blend (OAB), a commercial, herbal, essential oil mixture (EOM) and an OAB - EOM combination to feeding regimens of broiler chicks. The corn and soybean-based basal diet was supplemented with three doses of one of the following additives: AGP (Avilamycin, 10 mg/kg diet), OAB (0.9, 1.8, 2.7 g/kg diet, respectively), EOM (12, 24, 36 mg/kg diet, respectively) and OAB - EOM combination. Diets were fed as mash to 3,300 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross-308) that were randomly assigned to 11 groups, each with six identical subgroups. Birds were studied until they were 42 days old. At 21 and 42 days of age, the body weights of broilers in all treatment groups were significantly heavier than the body weights (BWs) of broilers in the control group (P < 0.01). A similar disparity in body weight gain (BWG) was observed between 22 and 42 days (P < 0.05). The OAB, EOM and OAB - EOM supplements promoted significantly growth when incorporated into the diets of broiler starters and growers, even at low levels. Likewise, broilers that received the diet supplemented with AGP exhibited a much better growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than broilers that received the unsupplemented control diet (P < 0.05). Amongst the treatment groups, there were significant differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR) between 0 to 21, 22 to 42 and 0 to 42 day periods (P < 0.05). Throughout the experimental period, dietary supplementation with AGP, EOM and the OAB EOM mixture significantly improved FCR, compared to the control treatment. The experimental treatments had no significant effect on the feed intake or mortality of broilers during the 42-day experimental period (P>0.05). Gradually increasing the doses of OAB, EOM and the OAB - EOM mixture led to insignificant improvements in broiler performance, compared with their lower supplementation rates. In conclusion, introducing EOM into the diets of broiler diets either alone or in combination with OAB significantly improved body weight and feed efficiency of broilers without affecting mortality. Similar results were observed with AGP. Our results raise the prospect of replacing AGP with novel alternatives, such as OABs and EOMs.Item Arthritis induced by interferon-alpha therapy in a patient with essential thrombocythemiaÇabuk, M; Pirildar, T; Ceylan, C; Koral, L; Kirmaz, C; Kiliççioglu, B; Özdemir, EItem Septic pulmonary emboli presenting with deep venous thrombosis secondary to acute osteomyelitisYüksel, H; Özgüven, AA; Akil, I; Ergüder, I; Yilmaz, D; Çabuk, MItem Cyclic lymphocytic vasculitis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemiaÇabuk, M; Inanir, I; Türkdogan, P; Ceylan, C; Degirmenci, M; Türel, A; Özdemir, ELymphocytic cutaneous vasculitis associated with a haematological malignancy has rarely been reported. Here, we describe a 61 year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who presented with cutaneous lesions on both hands. These lesions improved after all combination chemotherapy courses and recurred before each course. Repetitive skin biopsies revealed lymphocytic vasculitis. After 7 courses of chemotherapy, she had a complete remission. Skin lesions disappeared and did not recur. The cyclic pattern of lymphocytic vasculitis and its relation with CLL disease activity are interesting clinical features in this case.Item Acclimation to heat during incubation.: 1.: Embryonic morphological traits, blood biochemistry, and hatching performanceYalçin, S; Çabuk, M; Bruggeman, V; Babacanoglu, E; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Siegel, PBEggs obtained from broiler breeders at 32 (young), 42 (middle aged), and 65 wk (old) were used to measure the effects of heat acclimation during incubation on morphological, physiological, and metabolic traits at internal pipping (IP) and at hatch. All eggs were from the same stock, and hatching performance was also evaluated. Eggs from each breeder age were incubated at control (CONT) or 38.5 degrees C for 6 h daily from d 10 to 18 of incubation (HA). On d 10 after heat exposure and on d 14, absolute and proportional weights were significantly lower for HA than CONT embryos. By the time of hatching, HA chicks were heavier than CONT chicks, which suggested accelerated growth. This effect was consistent across ages. Liver and heart weights were lower for HA than CONT chicks. At IP, pH was similar for HA and CONT embryos, whereas pO(2) and Na+ were significantly higher and pCO(2), HCO3-, and K+ significantly lower for HA than CONT embryos. Blood pH was higher in embryos from older than for younger and mid-aged parents at IP. At hatch there was no effect of heat acclimation for blood HCO3-, Na+, and K+ levels, whereas plasma triglyceride and T-3 levels were higher and plasma uric acid, glucose, and lipid peroxidation levels were lower for HA than CONT chicks. Embryonic mortality was similar among parental ages for CONT. In contrast for HA, embryonic mortality from older parents was higher than for younger and middle-aged parents. A delay in external pipping and hatching time with high incubation temperature was consistent across the breeder ages. It was concluded that lower blood pCO(2), HCO3-, K+, and higher pO(2) at IP stage, plus increased plasma triglyceride concentrations at hatch, indicate adaptive responses of embryos.Item Acclimation to heat during incubation: 4. Blood hormones and metabolites in broilers exposed to daily high temperaturesYalçin, S; Bruggeman, V; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Çabuk, M; Siegel, PBThe objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of parental age and heat acclimation of embryos on blood metabolites and hormones of broilers exposed to daily cyclic ambient temperatures from d 21 to 42. Eggs obtained from 32 (younger), 42 (middle-aged), and 65 wk (older) breeders were divided into 2 groups. One group of eggs was incubated at control incubation temperature (ITCONT), whereas the second group was heat-acclimated at 38.5 degrees C for 6 h/d from d 10 to 18 of incubation (ITHA). Chicks were reared at standard brooding temperatures from 1 to 21 d. From d 21 to 42, half of broilers/incubation temperature/parental age was kept as the control (AT(CONT)), whereas the other half was exposed to daily cyclic heat treatment (AT(HIGH)) to impose a stress response. There was a reduction in plasma triiodothyronine (T-3) levels in ITHA broilers. On d 28, plasma T-3 levels were similar regardless of parental age of eggs incubated at ITCONT, whereas ITHA resulted in lower levels of T-3 in broilers from 65 wk parents. At the same age, AT(HIGH) reduced plasma triglycerides with the effect greater for ITHA than ITCONT broilers. Plasma uric acid was also lower for ITHA than ITCONT broilers for the offspring of 65 wk parents on d 28. There was an increase in plasma creatine kinase activity on d 42 in AT(HIGH) broilers regardless of parental age and incubation temperature. Plasma corticosterone was consistently lower for the ITHA than ITCONT treatment, being significant on d 21 and 42. It was concluded that these changes in blood metabolites and hormones may enhance the thermoregulatory ability of ITHA broilers when exposed posthatch to daily high temperatures.Item Pre- and postnatal conditioning induced thermotolerance on body weight, physiological responses and relative asymmetry of broilers originating from young and old breeder flocksYalçin, S; Özkan, S; Çabuk, M; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Siegel, PBThe present experiment was conducted to examine the effects of pre- and postnatal conditioning to induce thermotolerance in broilers hatching from eggs orginating from younger and older breeder flocks. From each flock, 500 eggs were randomly divided into 2 groups and incubated at standard (SIT) and high (HIT) temperatures. At hatch, chicks were allotted to 36 floor pens. At 5 d of age 3 pens per parent age per incubation temperature were heat conditioned (C) for 24 h. At 21 d of age, 3 pens per parent age per incubation temperature were kept under standard (S) rearing temperatures, whereas the remaining broilers (including C) were moved to a heated room (H). Thus, there were 3 groups from 21 to 49 d including S, H, and C+H. The results indicated that to incubate eggs from younger parents at HIT before conditioning at 5 d may reduce deleterious effects of heat stress on body weight at slaughter age. However, HIT temperature decreased slaughter weight of broilers from older parents regardless of rearing temperature. Although conditioning did not prevent increments in rectal temperatures of broilers after 1 wk of heat stress (28 d), adaptation occurred thereafter for broilers from younger parents but not for broilers from older parents. Incubation temperature had no effect on plasma glucose, creatine kinase, uric acid, or triiodo-tryronine (T-3) levels at d 21. There were no differences at 22, 25, or 28 d for T3 concentrations between the H and C+H groups. Overall relative asymmetry was not influenced by treatments on d 49. The results suggest that although pre- and postnatal conditioning may help broilers cope with heat stress, age of parent plays a major role in the ability of broilers to thermoregulate. This is especially the case for broilers originating from younger parents.Item Effect of Dietary Fat Type on Broiler Breeder Performance and Hatching Egg CharacteristicsBozkurt, M; Çabuk, M; Alçiçek, AThe effect of dietary fat type oil broiler breeder performance was evaluated in the experiment. Three different fat Sources (sunflower Oil, fish oil, tallow) were supplemented into a corn-soybean meal-based broiler breeder diet. The control diet included no supplemental fat. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feeding, of experimental diets was initiated when breeders (Ross 508) were 22 wk old. Body weights of hens and males were not affected by dietary treatments during the experimental period. Tallow Supplementation to breeder diet significantly decreased lien-day egg production and cumulative settable egg yield (P < 0.01) when compared with other treatments. Hens fed with tallow and sunflower oil-added diets produced significantly heavier settable eggs than control and fish oil treatments. However, settable egg weight of hens fed with fish oil was lower than other dietary treatments (P < 0.01). Egg yolk weight, albumen weight, and eggshell weight were not affected by dietary treatments. These data suggest that supplementation of different fat sources at a level of 1.5% to the corn-soybean meal diet may affect egg production performance, fertility, egg weight, chick weight, hatch of eggs set, and specific gravity Without any adverse effects oil body weight and settable egg characteristics.