Browsing by Author "Çagindi, Ö"

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    Medicinal and nutritional analysis of fig (ficus carica) seed oil; a new gamma tocopherol and omega-3 source
    Baygeldi, N; Küçükerdönmez, Ö; Akder, RN; Çagindi, Ö
    Ficus carica (common fig) is a tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean and is among the first plants cultivated by humans. Fig harvest is of worldwide importance for their dry and fresh consumption. The fruit, roots, and leaves of figs are used as anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic drugs for treating various disorders such as gastrointestinal (colic, dyspepsia, anorexia, and diarrhea), respiratory (a sore throat, cough, and bronchial problems) and cardiovascular disorders in traditional medicine. Previous studies have reported the use of latex, leaves, fruit, and root of the fig in the literature. However, so far, fig seeds (Ficus carica) have not been decomposed and analyzed for their oil content. High-Performance Chromatography Fluorescence Detector (HPLC-FLD) method was used to measure the level of vitamin E tocopherol, and the fatty acid content was analyzed with Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method. The results showed that Ficus carica seed oil is a rich source of linolenic acid (C18:3), linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1). Besides, it contains 314.61 +/- 51.53 mg/100 g gamma tocopherol. Thus, Ficus carica seed oil is of importance in the health sciences.
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    Health importance of arsenic in drinking water and food
    Ötles, S; Çagindi, Ö
    Arsenic is a toxic metalloid of global concern. It usually originates geogenically but can be intensified by human activities such as applications of pesticides and wood preservatives, mining and smelting operations, and coal combustion. Arsenic-contaminated food is a widespread problem worldwide. Data derived from population-based studies, clinical case series, and case reports relating to ingestion of inorganic arsenic in drinking water, medications, or contaminated food or beverages show the capacity of arsenate and arsenite to adversely affect multiple organ systems. Chronic arsenic poisoning can cause serious health effects including cancers, melanosis (hyperpigmentation or dark spots, and hypopigmentation or white spots), hyperkeratosis (hardened skin), restrictive lung disease, peripheral vascular disease (blackfoot disease), gangrene, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease.
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    Effects of adding honey at different temperatures to linden tea on antioxidant properties and hydroxymethylfurfural formation
    Gürel, DB; Çagindi, Ö
    Linden, a popularly consumed product, is prepared by different methods like infusion and decoction for treating diseases in children and adults. Due to linden's effective compounds and its sweetening, it is used in conjunction with honey and linden tea. This study investigated the effect of adding honey to linden tea prepared by infusion and decoction. Samples held at different temperatures were checked 5, 10, and 15 minutes after filtration to monitor total antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels. Total antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were found to be higher in the sample prepared by decoction. HMF was not observed in the linden tea prepared by infusion. HMF found in the teas prepared through decoction changed from 0.48 to 0.56 mu g/ml. The highest concentration of HMF was found in the samples with honey added immediately after filtration (95 degrees C). The results suggest that when linden tea is prepared, honey should be added at least 10 minutes later to increase total antioxidant activity and to reduce HMF formation.
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    Aflatoxins in mesir paste
    Çagindi, Ö
    In this research, 42 mesir paste samples produced by a limited number of manufacturers in Manisa, Turkey, were analysed for aflatoxin content by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector after pre-separation using immunoaffinity columns. A good correlation was found with good performance in terms of precision for the method. Limit of detection-limit of quantitation of AFG(2)-AFB(2) and AFG(1)-AFB(1) were 0.05/0.15 and 0.03/0.09 mu g/kg, respectively. AFG(2), AFG1 and AFB(1) were detected in 29%, 71% and 52% samples, whereas AFB(2) was not detected in any sample. AF(total), AFG(2), AFG(1) and AFB(1) content varied between 0.04/10.20 mu g/kg, 0.07/0.42 mu g/kg, 2.02/10.11 mu g/kg and 0.04/0.11 mu g/kg, respectively. About 9.5% of samples were found to be above the maxium limit (ML) for AF(total) (10 mu g/kg), but none of samples exceeded the ML for AFB(1) (5 mu g/kg) as set by the European Union for spices. According to the results, it was concluded that traditional products like mesir paste which contains different types of spices should be examined in terms of aflatoxins. RESUMENEn este estudio se analizaron 42 muestras de pasta mesir por su contenido en aflatoxinas, producidas por un numero concreto de industrias alimentarias en Manisa, Turquia, mediante HPLC-FLD despues de una preseparacion utilizando columnas de inmunoafinidad. Se encontro una correlacion positiva con una actividad favorable en terminos de precision con este metodo. LOD-LOQ de AFG(2)-AFB(2), y AFG(1)-AFB(1) fueron 0,05/0,15 y 0,03/0,09 mu g/kg. Se detectaron AFG(2), AFG1 y AFB(1) en las muestras de 29%, 71% y 52%, mientras que no se detecto AFB(2) en ninguna de las muestras. El contenido de AF(total), AFG(2), AFG(1) y AFB(1) vario entre 0,04/10,20 mu g/kg, 0,07/0,42 mu g/kg, 2,02/10,11 mu g/kg y 0,04/0,11 mu g/kg, respectivamente. Se encontro que el 9,5% de las muestras estaba por encima de ML en AF(total) (10 mu g/kg), aunque ninguna muestra excedio el ML en AFB(1) (5 mu g/kg) segun lo establecido por la UE en referencia a las especies. Segun los resultados, se concluyo que los productos tradicionales como la pasta mesir que contiene diferentes tipos de especies deberian de ser examinados en terminos de aflatoxinas.
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    Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dried eggplant and green bell pepper
    Çagindi, Ö; Gürhayta, OF
    In this study, 50 dried eggplant and 50 dried green bell pepper samples were analyzed in terms of their aflatoxin and ochratoxin A (OTA) content. Aflatoxins G(2), G(1), B-2, and B-1, and OTA contents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector (HPLC-FID). Total aflatoxin and, as well as aflatoxin G(2), G(1), B-2, and B-1 content in dried eggplant samples were ranged between 0.82 and 2.58, 0.10-0.23, 0.32-1.35, 0.12-0.67, and 0.17-0.71 mu g kg(-1), respectively. Total aflatoxin and, as well as aflatoxin G(2), G(1), B-2 and B-1 content in dried green bell pepper samples were 0.81 -2.42, 0.11-0.22, 0.32-1.38, 0.13-0.66, and 0.18-0.91 mu g.kg(-1), respectively. OTA content was varied from 8.88 to 2135 mu g kg(-1) in eggplant samples, and from 15.38 to 24.70 mu g kg(-1) in dried green bell pepper samples. Of the dried eggplant samples and dried green bell pepper samples, 36% and 24% of them, respectively, had aflatoxin B-1 values which were below the minimum limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 mu g kg(-1). None of the analyzed samples exceeded the legal limit values of 10 mu g kg(-1) for total aflatoxin content, and 5 mu g kg(-1) for aflatoxin B-1 content. However, 80% of the dried eggplant samples and 100% of the dried green bell pepper samples exceeded the legal limit value for OTA content (15 mu g kg(-1)). According to the results, it was concluded that dried vegetables should be examined in terms of their aflatoxins. It is essential to analyze OTA content more thoroughly, as it has the potential to pose a risk for public health, as well as for the economy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of Blueberry, Grape Seed Powder and Poppy Seed Incorporation on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Biscuit
    Aksoylu, Z; Çagindi, Ö; Köse, E
    Blueberry, defatted grape seed powder and defatted poppy seeds were incorporated into biscuits at a level of 5%. Some physicochemical and sensory characteristics were evaluated during 5 months storage period. Diameter, a* (-a=greenness, +a=redness) values, ash, fat, crude fiber, Mg and Ca contents increased, while L* (lightness), b* (-b=blueness, +b=yellowness) values decreased significantly (P<0.05). A significant type of fortification agentxstorage time interaction (P<0.05) existed for all physicochemical parameters analyzed. Defatted poppy seed was the most effective agent for preventing increased peroxide values, whereas defatted grape seed powder addition decreased free fatty acid formation better than blueberry and defatted poppy seeds. All fortification agents increased the total phenolic content of biscuits. Biscuits having 5% blueberry exhibited a high percentage of antioxidant activity. Sensory evaluation results revealed that fortificated biscuits cannot be consumed after 5 months. Practical ApplicationsAs the relationship between nutrition and some chronic diseases have been established, the number of research and development studies focusing on functional foods has increased rapidly. Antioxidants became popular because of their positive effects on human health. Grape seed, a by-product of the grape-processing industry, is known as a strong free radical scavenger. Poppy seeds are generally used for their high oil content. Tocopherols found in poppy seeds have strong antioxidative properties. Blueberries, rich in anthocyanins, are widely consumed in different countries. These three botanical ingredients can be used as inexpensive antioxidant sources in snack foods such as biscuits and cookies.