Browsing by Author "Çelik, S"

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    Determination of Fermentation and Digestibility Characteristics of Corn, Sunflower and Combination of Corn and Sunflower Silages
    Demirel, M; Bolat, D; Çelik, S; Bakici, Y; Eratak, S
    This study was conducted to determine in vivo digestibilities and fermentation property of various silages made of green herbage of Sunflower (SF), Corn (C) and corn-sunflower mixtures at different rates [75% com+25% sunflower (75C25SF), 50% corn+50% sunflower (50C50SF), 25% corn+75 sunflower (25C75SF)] ensiled in 120 1 plastic barrels for 90 days. PH values of C and mixture silages were lower than that of SF silage (p<0.05). Concentrations of lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids were higher in SF silage than C silage (p<0.05). Lactic and propionic acid concentrations increased in mixture silages as the sunflower ratio increased, whereas decreases in butyric acid concentration were observed as corn ratio incresed in the mixture (p<0.05). While digestibility of DM, OM, ADF and NDF were high in C silage, digestibility of CP and EE were high in SF silage. The digestibility of DM, OM, ADF and NDF in mixture silages increased with the increases in corn ratio in mixture and digestibility of CP and EE of increased as sunflower ratio increased in mixture. It can be concluded that high quality silages could be obtained from green herbage of corn or sunflower alone, however their nutritive values could be improved if they are mixed at 50% ratio.
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    Determination of synthesis conditions of medium, high, and overbased alkali calcium sulfonate
    Besergil, B; Akin, A; Çelik, S
    This review covers a method for preparing an overbased detergent-dispersion additive called overbased calcium sulfonate solution (OBCSS) containing 38.9% (w/w) CaCO3, with a total base number (TBN) value of 436 mg KOH, starting from neutral calcium sulfonate solution (NCSS).(1,2) After the column conditions were optimized, the reaction parameters (P-CO2 and the amounts of Ca(OH)(2), water, and monoethanolamine (MEA)) were examined throughout the tests. The first product medium alkali calcium sulfonate solution (MACSS) with 8.5% (w/w) CaCO3 (TBN = 95 mg KOH/g) is obtained, but higher base values could not be reached. In the second stage, monoethanolamine is added to the feed as a promoter and high alkali calcium sulfonate solution (HACSS) containing 30.4% (w/w) CaCO3 with the value of TBN = 274 mg KOH/g is obtained. In the third stage of the study, targeted product OBCSS is obtained by using HACSS as a feedstock component instead of NCSS.
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    Effect of Various Additives and Harvesting Stages on Rumen Degradation of Sunflower Silages
    Demirel, M; Bolat, D; Eratak, S; Çelik, S; Bakici, Y; Çelik, S; Güney, M
    To study effective degradability (nylon bag technique) of sunflower silage, as influenced by harvesting stage (blooming, milk or dough) or molasses (m) / urea (u) mixture, seven different silage samples for each harvest stage [sunflower (SF) and 6 mixtures (2%mSF, 4%mSF, 2%m+0.5%uSF, 2%m+1%uSF, 4%m+0.5%uSF, 4%m+1%uSF)] were incubated for 70 days in 1 litter jars. The DM and CP effective degradation of SF silage was found to be similar at blooming and milking stage and higher than that of dough stage (P < 0.05). The effective degradation of ADF and NDF of SF silage at milking and dough stages was lower than that of blooming stage. The positive effects of molasses and molasses+urea additives on effective degradability were observed. It was concluded that decreased degradability of nutrient matters because of its advanced vegetational stage could be partly compensated by using different amount of molasses and molasses+urea additives.
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    ERS International Virtual Congress 2021: Highlights from the Turkish Thoracic Society Early Career Members
    Senel, MY; Karadogan, D; Vardaloglu, I; Develi, E; Çelik, S; Hizal, M; Özsezen, B; Öncel, A; Can, I; Hürsoy, N; Uyar, K; Karakas, FG; Er, B; Asfuroglu, P; Gürsoy, TR; Eyuboglu, TS; Çakir, EP; Ademhan, D; Karaoglanoglu, S; Emiralioglu, N; Öztürk, NAA; Marim, F; Güçlü, ÖA; Çetin, N; Topçu, DÖ; Çelik, P; Akgün, M
    This review aimed to highlight some important points derived from the presentations of the European Respiratory Society 2021 Virtual International Congress by a committee formed by the Early Career Task Group of the Turkish Thoracic Society. We summarized a wide range of topics including current developments of respiratory diseases and provided an overview of important and striking topics of the congress. Our primary motivation was to give some up-to-date information and new developments discussed during congress especially for the pulmonologists who did not have a chance to follow the congress. This review also committed an opportunity to get an overview of the newest data in the diverse fields of respiratory medicine such as post-coronavirus disease 2019, some new interventional and technologic developments related to respiratory health, and new treatment strategies.
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    Are the Recommended Criteria for Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Applicable to 12-core Prostate Biopsy Scheme? A Multicentre Study of Urooncology Association, Turkey
    Çelik, S; Kizilay, F; Yörükoglu, K; Özen, H; Akdogan, B; Izol, V; Bayazit, Y; Aslan, G; Sözen, S; Baltaci, S; Müezzinoglu, T; Narter, F; Türkeri, L
    Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of the Epstein criteria for the 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) scheme with the evaluation of clinicopathologic data recorded in the Urologic Cancer Database - Prostate (UroCaD-P), Urooncology Association, Turkey (UOAT). Materials and Methods: Patients with detailed pathological 12-core TRUS-Bx data for each biopsy core and who underwent RP due to PCa were included in this study. A total of 1167 patients from seven different centres were analysed. TRUS-Bx pathological findings were separately evaluated in the areas matching the sextant biopsy (6-core paramedian-lateral) scheme and in all 12-core biopsy areas (12-core biopsy scheme). Overall detection rates of PCa and ratios of clinically significant (sPCa) and insignificant PCa (insPCa) after RP were defined and compared between the biopsy schemes. Biopsy findings, according to the Epstein criteria, were also compared between the two schemes. A model for each biopsy scheme was created, including the Epstein criteria and additional biopsy findings using logistic regression analysis to predict clinically sPCa after RP. Results: There was a high correlation for the prediction of clinically insPCa between the two biopsy schemes in the same population. However, 7.3% of PCa could not be diagnosed in the 6-core TRUS-Bx scheme. Also, 69.4% of these had clinically sPCa according to the Epstein criteria in 12-core TRUS-Bx scheme and 51.8% of these were clinically sPCa after RP. The presence of perineural invasion (PNI) in 12-core biopsy was also significant regarding predicting sPCa (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Epstein criteria in 12-core prostate biopsy provide a better prediction of clinically sPCa than the 6-core biopsy scheme. Biopsy PNI findings appeared to improve the effectiveness of 12-core prostate biopsy, in addition to the Epstein criteria.
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    Sextant Biopsy-Based Criteria for Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Are Also Valid for the 12-Core Prostate Biopsy Scheme: A Multicenter Study of Urooncology Association, Turkey
    Çelik, S; Kizilay, F; Yörükoglu, K; Aslan, G; Ozen, H; Akdogan, B; Sozen, S; Baltaci, S; Muezzinoglu, T; Izol, V; Bayazit, Y; Narter, F; Türkeri, L
    Background: Epstein criteria based on sextant biopsy are assumed to be valid for 12-core biopsies. However, very scarce information is present in the current literature to support this view. Objectives: To investigate the validity of Epstein criteria for clinically insignificant prostate cancer (PCa) in a cohort of the currently utilized 12-core prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) scheme in patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk PCa. Method: Pathological findings were separately evaluated in the areas matching the sextant biopsy (6-core paramedian) scheme and in all 12-core schemes. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the final pathology report of RP as true clinically significant PCa (sPCa) and insignificant PCa (insPCa) groups. Predictive factors (including Epstein criteria) and cutoff values for the presence of insPCa were separately evaluated for 6- and 12-core TRUS-Bx schemes. Then, different predictive models based on Epstein criteria with or without additional biopsy findings were created. Results: A total of 442 patients were evaluated. PSA density, biopsy GS, percentage of tumor and number of positive cores, PNI, and HG-PIN were independent predictive factors for insPCa in both TRUS-Bx schemes. For the 12-core scheme, the best cutoff values of tumor percentage and number of positive cores were found to be <= 50% (OR: 3.662) and 1.5 cores (OR: 2.194), respectively. The best predictive model was found to be that which added 3 additional factors (PNI and HG-PIN absence and number of positive cores) to Epstein criteria (OR: 6.041). Conclusions: Using a cutoff value of 1 for the number of positive biopsy cores and absence of biopsy PNI and HG-PIN findings can be more useful for improving the prediction model of the Epstein criteria in the 12-core biopsy scheme.
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    A Retrospective Evaluation of the Epithelial Changes/Lesions and Neoplasms of the Gallbladder in Turkey and a Review of the Existing Sampling Methods: A Multicentre Study
    Esendagli, G; Akarca, FG; Balci, S; Argon, A; Sengiz Erhan, S; Turhan, N; Ince Zengin, N; Hallaç Keser, S; Çelik, B; Bulut, T; Abdullazade, S; Erden, E; Savas, B; Bostan, T; Sagol, O; Aysal Agalar, A; Kepil, N; Karslioglu, Y; Günal, A; Markoç, F; Saka, B; Özgün, G; Özdamar, SO; Bahadir, B; Kaymaz, E; Isik, E; Ayhan, S; Tunçel, D; Özguven Yilmaz, B; Çelik, S; Karabacak, T; Erbarut Seven, I; Ataizi Çelikel, C; Gücin, Z; Ekinci, Ö; Akyol, G
    Objective: As there is continuing disagreement among the observers on the differential diagnosis between the epithelial changes/lesions and neoplasms of the gallbladder, this multicentre study was planned in order to assess the rate of the epithelial gallbladder lesions in Turkey and to propose microscopy and macroscopy protocols. Material and Method: With the participation of 22 institutions around Turkey that were included in the Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Study Group, 89,324 cholecystectomy specimens sampled from 2003 to 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. The numbers of adenocarcinomas, dysplasias, intracholecystic neoplasms/adenomas, intestinal metaplasias and reactive atypia were identified with the review of pathology reports and the regional and countrywide incidence rates were presented in percentages. Results: Epithelial changes/lesions were reported in 6% of cholecystectomy materials. Of these epithelial lesions, 7% were reported as adenocarcinoma, 0.9% as high-grade dysplasia, 4% as low-grade dysplasia, 7.8% as reactive/regenerative atypia, 1.7% as neoplastic polyp, and 15.6% as intestinal metaplasia. The remaining lesions (63%) primarily included non-neoplastic polypoids/hyperplastic lesions and antral/pyloric metaplasia. There were also differences between pathology laboratories. Conclusion: The major causes of the difference in reporting these epithelial changes/lesions and neoplasms include the differences related to the institute's oncological surgery frequency, sampling protocols, geographical dissimilarities, and differences in the diagnoses/interpretations of the pathologists. It seems that the diagnosis may change if new sections are taken from the specimen when any epithelial abnormality is seen during microscopic examination of the cholecystectomy materials.
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    One-Year Follow-Up of Cystic Fibrosis Patients Who Cannot Reach the Modulator Therapies Although Having Indications: What are Their Losses?
    Uytun, S; Polat, SE; Tabakçi, SÖ; Cinel, G; Emiralioglu, N; Yalçin, E; Kiper, N; Sen,; Altintas, DU; Çokugras, H; Kilinç, AA; Yazan, H; Çollak, A; Uzuner, S; Ünal, G; Yilmaz, A; Çelik, S; Damadoglu, E; Irmak, I; Demir, E; Öztürk, G; Basaran, E; Bingöl, A; Sapan, N; Aslan, AT; Asfuroglu, P; Harmanci, K; Köse, M; Hangül, M; Özdemir, A; Özcan, G; Gayretli, ZG; Keskin, Ö; Yüksel, H; Özdogan, S; Topal, E; Çaltepe, G; Can, D; Ekren, PK; Kiliç, M; Süleyman, A; Eyüboglu, TS; Pekcan, S; Çobanoglu, N; Çakir, E; Özçelik, U; Dogru, D
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    What We Learned about COVID-19 So Far? Notes from Underground
    Akyil, FT; Karadogan, D; Gürkan, CG; Yüksel, A; Arikan, H; Eyüboglu, TS; Emiralioglu, N; Gürsoy, TR; Serifoglu, I; Toreyin, ZN; Marim, F; Kara, BY; Özakinci, H; Develi, E; Çakmakci, S; Kusbeci, TC; Karcioglu, O; Gulhan, PY; Erçelik, M; Er, B; Ataoglu, Ö; Polat, D; Kaya, I; Önyilmaz, TA; Aydin, A; Kizilirmak, D; Er, AB; Kilinç, M; Günaydin, FE; Gürz, S; Karaoglanoglu, S; Çelik, S; Esendagli, D; Toptay, H; Sertçelik, UÖ; Akgün, M
    The novel coronavirus pandemic poses a major global threat to public health. Our knowledge concerning every aspect of COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, given the increasing data from all over the world. In this narrative review, the Turkish Thoracic Society Early Career Taskforce members aimed to provide a summary on recent literature regarding epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of COVID-19. Studies revealed that the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus showed significant identity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is an important target of the SARS-CoV-2 while entering an organism. Smokers were more likely to develop the disease and have a higher risk for ICU admission. The mean incubation period was 6.4 days, whereas asymptomatic transmission was reported up to 25 days after infection. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases and hypertension were reported to be the most common comorbidities among patients. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic and mild disease to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several patients showed typical symptoms and radiological changes with negative RT-PCR but positive IgG and IgM antibodies. Although radiological findings may vary, bilateral, peripherally distributed, ground-glass opacities were typical of COVID-19. Poor prognosis was associated with older age, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and high D-dimer level. Chloroquine was found to be effective in reducing viral replication in vitro. Likewise, protease inhibitors, including lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, and nucleoside analogue remdesivir were proposed to be the potential drug candidates in COVID-19 management. Despite these efforts, we still have much to learn regarding the transmission, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19.