Browsing by Author "Çetin, H"

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    Toxicity of Thiamethoxam on Field-Collected Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Different Regions of Turkey
    Arserim, SK; Çetin, H; Yetismis, K; Omondi, ZN; Özbel, Y
    Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of human and canine leishmaniasis, sand fly fever, and other arboviruses and bacteria. The control of sand flies is recommended by World Health Organization throughout the world. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of field-collected sand flies against thiamethoxam in Turkey. The adult sand flies collected were from five different locations in three provinces; Yesiloz and Buyukpinar districts in Antalya province, Develi district in Kayseri province, and Ucpinar and Bayindirlik districts in Manisa province. They were investigated using two different doses (0.125 and 0.25 g ai/m(2)) of thiamethoxam under laboratory conditions. After 1-h exposure, all sand flies were found highly susceptible to thiamethoxam and both test doses caused 100% mortality after 24 h. Considering the KDT50 time, flies collected from Yesiloz district in Antalya province were found to be most sensitive and flies collected from Ucpinar district in Manisa province were found as the most resistance to thiamethoxam. The results show that Turkish sand flies were highly susceptible to thiamethoxam and it can be used for the control of sand flies in the field.
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    Nosocomial infections in neonatal units in Turkey: epidemiology, problems, unit policies and opinions of healthcare workers
    Oygür, N; Kavuncuoglu, S; Özbek, S; Tansug, N; Perk, Y; Ilikkan, B; Satar, M; Yildiztas, HY; Duman, N; Kumral, A; Zenciroglu, A; Tanir, G; Kültürsay, N; Köröglu, ÖA; Aksit, A; Tekin, N; Yigit, S; Korkmaz, A; Gökalp, AS; Arisoy, AE; Özek, E; Bilgen, H; Atici, A; Turhan, AH; Çetin, H; Acunas, B; Vatansever, Ü; Say, A; Güven, F
    Turkish Neonatal Society Nosocomial Infections Study Group. Nosocomial infections in neonatal units in Turkey: epidemiology, problems, unit policies and opinions of healthcare workers. Turk J Pediatr 2010; 52: 50-57. The epidemiology of nosocomial infections in Turkish neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) shows that nosocomial sepsis is an important problem, especially for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, and gram-negative agents, particularly Klebsiella species, are still the major causes of nosocomial infections. Sepsis frequency was 6.4%, ranging from 2.1 to 17%, in 16 centers in Turkey. Sepsis frequency was 22% in infants <1500 g, 6% in those 1500-2500 g, and 3% in those >2500 g. Sepsis-related mortality was 24.4 for 100 sepsis cases, ranging from 0 to 75 for 100 cases. Ventilator-associated pneumonia frequency was 1.7%, catheter-related infection frequency was 0.14% and urinary tract infection frequency was 3.7%. Healthcare workers (HCWs) complain of the inadequacy of some basic facilities and of staffing; however, they are aware of the causes and solutions and are willing to overcome this major health problem. We conclude that Turkish neonatal HCWs are quite optimistic about preventing neonatal nosocomial infections.
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    Determination of sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania in sand flies in Antalya Province, Southern Turkey
    Arserim, SK; Çetin, H; Karakus, M; Demir, S; Ser, Ö; Töz, S; Balcioglu, IC; Ölgen, MK; Yilmaz, B; Özbel, Y
    Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are diseases transmitted by infected female sand flies. Since the eradication of malaria in Turkey, CL is the main vector-borne disease in the country, with more than 2000 cases per year, making it a significant public health problem. The aims of this study were to carry out an entomological survey in Antalya Province, an endemic area for CL in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, to identify sand fly fauna and to screen female specimens for the presence of Leishmania parasites (Leishmania infantum, L. tropica, L. major, and L. donovani) using molecular analysis. Sand flies were collected in 42 localities of seven districts in Antalya Province using CDC miniature light traps in two different periods, June 2012 and September 2013. The specimens were kept in 96% ethanol until the dissection was done. The head and genitalia of the specimens were cut for preparing individual slides for species identification. The rest of the body of female specimens was kept separately. The specimens were identified at the species level, and 27 pools were generated according to the locations and species for screening the presence of Leishmania. A commercial kit was used for DNA extractions. Real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) were then performed. In total, 1306 specimens comprising nine species belonging to the Phlebotomus genus were collected in the study region, with Phlebotomus neglectus/syriacus (38.82%) the most abundant, followed by P. alexandri (21.67%) and P. tobbi (20.44%). In the 27 pools, Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in four pools containing P. neglectus/syriacus and one pool containing P. tobbi. In conclusion, the sand fly fauna in the Antalya Province is diverse. The probable vector sand fly species are P. neglectus/syriacus and P. tobbi with high dominance (59.26%), which indicates a high risk of CL transmission. The data presented here may help to shed more light on the transmission cycles of the Leishmania parasite in this CL endemic area.