Browsing by Author "Özmen, D"
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Item β2-microglobulin and cystatin C in type 2 diabetesAksun, SA; Özmen, D; Özmen, B; Parildar, Z; Mutaf, I; Turgan, N; Habif, S; Kumanliogluc, K; Bayindir, OBackground: Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provide a valuable indicator of the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study was designed to demonstrate the clinical values of serum cystatin C (Cys C) and beta2-microglobulin in the assessment of renal function in type 2 diabetics by comparing them with the GFR, estimated from the uptake phase of 99 in technetium dimetiltriamino pentaacetic acid renogram (GFR-DTPA) and creatinine clearances. Materials and Methods: 68 type 2 diabetic patients with (urinary albumin excretions (UAE) 30-300 mg/24h) (n = 39) and without (UAE <30mg/24h) (n = 29) microalbuminuria and 32 controls were enrolled in the study. Serum Cys C, beta2-microglobulin, creatinine, urinary microalbumin levels, creatinine clearances and GFR-DTPA values were determined in all groups. Nonparametric ROC curves, using a cut-off GFR-DTPA of 60 mL/min/ 1.73 m(2), were obtained for these markers. Results: Serum Cys C, beta2-microglobulin, glucose and HbA1c concentrations were significantly higher in the group with diabetes compared to controls. In the patients with microalbuminuria, serum Cys C and glucose concentrations increased significantly in comparison to patients with normoalbuminuria, while no differences were observed for beta2-microglobulin levels. Serum creatinine concentrations, GFR-DTPA values and creatinine clearances were not different between both diabetic groups and controls. Cys C was positively correlated with beta2-microglobulin and creatinine and negatively with GFR values; beta2-microglobulin was also positively correlated with serum creatinine in microalbuminurics. A significant inverse correlation was found between beta2-microglobulin and GFR values in both microalbuminurics and normoalbuminurics. Conclusions: Increased Cys C and beta2-microglobulin in diabetics may be early indicators of incipient DN. The diagnostic accuracies of Cys C and beta2-microglobulin are superior to that of serum creatinine in distinguishing between mild and moderately reduced GFR.Item The Edinburgh feeding evaluation in dementia (EdFED) scale:A Turkish validity and reliability studyUyar, F; Özmen, D; Watson, RAim: The present study aimed to adapt the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale to Turkish. Method: This methodological study was reported using STARD (The STAndards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy). The sample included 200 people with dementia. The data were obtained using the Personal Information Form, the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Test. For the Turkish adaptation of the scale, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), criterion validity (concurrent scale validity) and reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation) were performed, respectively. Results: The three-factor model in the original scale was verified. The content validity index was 0.95. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient factors were as follows: ( Indicators of Patient Difficulty' alpha = 0.81, 'Patient's Need for Assistance' alpha = 0.79 and 'Indicators of Feeding Difficulty' alpha = 0.64, respectively. When the CFA fit indexes were examined, the model fit values were good. The three-factor structure was verified, compared with the original model and was compatible. No modification was needed in the model. Conclusions: The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale Turkish version provides reliable and valid measures of feeding difficulties in people with dementia. It has satisfactory psychometric properties and is suitable to use in clinical practice. Implications for practice: Feeding is one of the most neglected subjects in caring for people with dementia. Screening is recommended to evaluate feeding and malnutrition, but, to our knowledge, there is no tool/scale to evaluate the feeding of the dementia patient in Turkish. The EdFED scale can serve healthcare professionals and caregivers as a practical tool for feeding difficulties in people with dementia.Item Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronismÖzmen, B; Özmen, DPrimary hyperaldosteronism is the syndrome of excessive aldosterone secretion and concomitant suppression of the angiotensin-renin system. Its main pathophysiological features are hypertension, altered potassium homeostasis and accelerated target organ damage. Prospective studies on its prevalence around the world reveal that primary hyperaldosteronism occurs in 5-15% of patients with essential hypertension. The major causes of primary hyperaldosteronism are aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. Patients with hypertension and hypokalemia and most patients with treatment-resistant hypertension should be screened for primary aldosteronism with the calculation of plasma concentration to plasma renin activity ratio. The diagnosis is generally 3-tiered, involving an initial screening, confirmation of diagnosis, and determination of the specific subtype of primary hyperaldosteronism. Primary hyperaldosteronism is often refractory to conventional medical treatment. Unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an excellent treatment option for patients with unliateral aldosterone-producing-adenoma. But bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism should be treated medically. Sprinolactone has been the drug of choice to treat primary hyperaldosteronism for more than three decades. The treatment goal is to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension, hypokalemia and cardiovascular damage.Item Pulmonary function parameters in patients with diabetes mellitusÖzmen, B; Çelik, P; Yorgancioglu, A; Özmen, B; Özmen, D; Çok, GItem Reliability and validity of the colorectal cancer screening belief scale in TurkeyOzsoy, SA; Ardahan, M; Özmen, DColorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Turkey. The emphasis of the healthcare services in Turkey is on curative rather than preventive and rehabilitative approaches. Although the Ministry of Health provides many healthcare services for prevention and early detection, their availability and accessibility are very low. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Turkish language version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales in measuring Turkish women's and men's beliefs about colorectal cancer. This study was carried out in Izmir, the third most populous city in Turkey. The Champion's Health Belief Model Scales was translated using a back-translation technique. A convenience sample of 470 individuals was recruited from January 2004 through March 2004. Descriptive statistics were computed for the demographic characteristics. Reliability was assessed by interpreting the item-total subscale score correlation, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach alpha coefficients. For testing the relationship between item performance and scale performance, corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.41 to 0.79 for all 5 subscales. Cronbach a coefficients for the 5 subscales ranged between .54 and .88, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.91. The study showed that the Turkish version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scales has good structural characteristics and is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for measuring beliefs related to colorectal cancer.Item THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND DEPRESSION, SELF-ESTEEM, HOPELESSNESS, SUBMISSIVE ACTS, GUILT, SHAME AND ANGER IN ADOLESCENTSÖzmen, E; Özmen, D; Çetinkaya, AÇ; Taskin, EO; Dündar, PELiterature Review and Objective: Although there were a number of research findings on gender differences in mental health problems, it is not known that it is a universal phenomenon or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gender and depression, self-esteem, hopelessness, submissive acts, guilt, shame and anger in Turkish adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1185 ninth-grade Turkish adolescents aged 14-19 was conducted. 708 (59.7 %) of the students were male and the mean age of students was 15.53+/-0.72. Hopelessness was measured by using Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), self-esteem was measured by using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), depression was measured by using Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), guilt and shame was measured by using Guilt and Shame Scale (GSS), submissive acts was measured by using Submissive Acts Scale (SAS), anger was measured by using The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS). Student's t-test was used to find out the relationship between gender and depression, self-esteem, hopelessness, submissive acts, guilt, shame and anger in adolescents. Results: The findings indicate that the mean score of the SAS and BHS, anger control subscale of STAS of the boys were higher than that of the girls and the mean score of the CDI, guilt subscale of GSS, shame subscale of GSS, SES, trait anger subscale of STAS, anger-in subscale of STAS and anger-out subscale of STAS of the girls were higher than that of the boys. While there were statistically significant associations between gender and the SAS, BHS, CDI, guilt subscale of GSS, shame subscale of GSS, trait anger subscale of STAS, anger-out subscale of STAS and anger control subscale of STAS mean scores; no relationship was found between gender and the anger-in subscale of STAS and SES mean scores. Conclusion: The results of this study point out that there are gender differences in hopelessness, depression, guilt, shame, submissive acts and anger levels but not in self-esteem levels in Turkish adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological gender differences are seen not only in individualistic societies, but also in collectivistic societies.Item Impact of renal function or folate status on altered plasma homocysteine levels in hypothyroidismÖzmen, B; Özmen, D; Parildar, Z; Mutaf, I; Turgan, N; Bayindir, OHyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for coronary, peripheral and cerebrovascular diseases. Moderately elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels have been reported in patients with overt hypothyroidism. Plasma tHcy concentration is affected by several physiological factors and is elevated tinder conditions of impaired folate and cobalamin status and in renal failure. The aim of this Study was to assess plasma tHcy concentrations and to evaluate the role of potential determinants of plasma tHcy levels in hypothyroid patients. Fasting plasma tHcy, serum homocysteine-related vitamins folate and vitamin B-12, serum cystatin C (CysC) and creatinine, were determined in 22 hypothyroid patients and compared with 25 healthy control subjects. Creatinine clearance (CCr) was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault formula. Plasma tHcy levels were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection and serum CysC by automated particle enhanced immunoturbidimetry. Plasma tHcy, creatinine levels were significantly higher, and serum CysC levels, and creatinine clearance values were lower in hypothyroid patients than in control subjects. Folate levels were lower in hypothyroidic group compared to the control group. There were no differences in vitamin 13, levels between hypothyroid and control groups. Positive correlation was noted between tHcy and creatinine levels in hypothyroid patients (r = 0.596); however, an inverse correlation was found between tHcy and folate levels (r = -0.705) in hypothyroid patients. In conclusion, tHcy was increased in hypothyroidism, and this increase was more strongly associated with changes in serum folate than in serum creatinine and CysC, suggesting an altered folate status.Item Validity and reliability of the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire in type-2 diabetic patientsKahraman, G; Tavsanli, NG; Baydur, H; Özmen, D; Özmen, EObjective: The Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) helps to determine the problems encountered with their illness by type-2 diabetic patients in daily life and the purpose of this study was to adapt this questionnaire to Turkish and to perform validity and reliability analysis. Methods: This was a methodological study planned to adapt DOQ to the Turkish language and to carry out validity and reliability analysis. After obtaining the necessary permission and making the translation, the questionnaire was applied to 400 type 2 diabetes patients, who had been diagnosed at least one year previously, in the endocrinology polyclinic of Manisa Government Hospital and the endocrinology polyclinic of Hafsa Sultan Hospital in Celal Bayar University. The WHOQOL-8 quality of life questionnaire was applied along with the DOQ in order to examine the extent of correspondence with a scale which measures similar concepts. In order to assess the reliability of the scale, the coefficient of internal consistence (Cronbach's alpha value) was examined and in order to evaluate the relation of each item to dimension, the item-total correlations and the internal consistence coefficients when items were deleted were evaluated. Also, the items of the questionnaire were applied again to 30 people after a gap of at most two weeks and test-retest analysis as performed. When this was done, intraclass correlation coefficients were examined. Results: The DOQ consists of eight scales and a total of 78 questions. Ten of these questions were excluded in our study as they were not applicable to Turkish society. Conclusion: The study was similar to the original study from the aspect of factors produced in the dimensions.Item The Relationship Between Glycosylated Haemoglobin and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 DiabetesÖzmen, B; Güçlü, F; Kafesçiler, S; Özmen, D; Hekimsoy, ZDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem with long-term micro and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threating chronic complication of diabetes mellitus in adults. In this study, we determined the frequency of DR and the relationship between HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes and BMI with DR in type 2 diabetic patients. Six-hundred eighteen type 2 diabetic patients participated in this study. In the first examination, retinopathy was evaluated by ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupil by experienced ophthalmologist. Based on their optic fundi findings they were classified into three groups; without retinopathy, had non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In addition, the patients were classified in four groups according to their HbA1c levels; below 6.0 %, between 6.1 and 6.9%; between 7.0 and 9.9%, and; above 10.0%. According to the duration of diabetes the patients were divided into three groups. First group consisted of patients who were diabetic for less than five years, the second group consists of patients who had diabetes for a period 6-10 years and the third group, who were diabetic for more than 10 years. All patients were divided into four groups according BMI; lower 25 kg/m(2), between 25.1 and 29.9 kg/m(2), between 30 and 39.9 kg/m(2) and over 40 kg/m(2). In our study, the frequency of DR was 46.6% [28.8% have NPDR and 17.8% have PDR]. There was a stastically significant relationship between HbA1c levels and DR (both NPDR and PDR) (p<0.000). The frequency of retinopathy (both background and proliferative) was 4.8% in the group of diabetics with a mean HbA1c level <6%, 8.7 % in those between 6.1 and 6.9%, 62.8% in those between 7 and 9.9% and 82.2% in those exceeding a mean HbA1c level of 10%. According to our results, there was a significant relationship between duration of diabetes and DR (both nonproliferative and proliferative) (p<0.001). A similar relationship between PDR and BMI (p<.001), between NPDR and BMI (p<.01) was found. But there was no relationship between gender and DR (p=0.51). These results imply that duration of diabetes, HbA1c level and BMI are important risk factors for onset or progression of DR in type 2 DM. Therefore decrease in HbA1c values and BMI prevent or delay the onset/or progression of DR.Item Serum N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidismÖzmen, B; Özmen, D; Parildar, Z; Mutaf, I; Bayindir, ONatriuretic peptides represent a novel diagnostic tool in the assessment of heart failure. N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a member of the natriuretic peptid family, is produced and released from cardiac ventricles. Changes in cardiac functions are observed in thyroid dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in serum NT-proBNP levels and to evaluate impact of thyroid hormones on serum NT-proBNP in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Serum NT-proBNP levels were measured in 21 patients with hyperthyroidism and in 24 patients with hypothyroidism and compared with 20 healthy control subjects. Patients without cardiac disease were included into the study as well. Serum NT-proBNP levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum NT-proBNP levels were higher in hyperthyroid patients than in hypothyroid patients and in control subjects, with mean values of 239.03 +/- 47.33, 45.97 +/- 13.48, 55.57 +/- 13.01 pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.0001). Serum NT-proBNP and thyroid hormones were correlated in all patients. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between serum NT-proBNP and serum free T4 (FT4) levels (r = 0,549, p = 0.012) in hyperthyroidic patients. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that increasing FT4 was independently associated with a high serum NT-proBNP levels, whereas heart rate was not in hyperthyroid patients. Serum NT-proBNP levels are higher in the hyperthyroid state as compared with the hypothyroid and euthyroid state. Thyroid dysfunction affects serum NT-proBNP levels, possibly influencing the secretion of the peptide. Therefore, thyroid function has to be considered when evaluating high serum NT-proBNP levels in patients without cardiac dysfunction.Item Lens superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in diabetic cataractÖzmen, B; Özmen, D; Erkin, E; Güner, I; Habif, S; Bayindir, OObjective: Biochemical evidence suggests that the oxidative damage of the tens proteins is involved in the genesis of senile cataract and the development of diabetes-related pathologic changes such as the formation of cataracts. In particular, lens proteins are subject to extensive oxidative modification. Oxidative damage either decreases the antioxidant capacity or decreased antioxidant capacity results in oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and catalase in the cataractous tenses of the type 2 diabetic group and cataractous lenses of the senile group. Method: Eighteen diabetic cataractous lenses and twenty six senile cataractous lenses were studied. Cu,Zn-SOD activity was measured in lenses by enzymatic method and catalase activity was measured by colorimetric method. Results: Cu,Zn-SOD levels were significantly lower in the diabetic cataractous lenses than senile cataractous tenses (respectively 8.052 +/- 0.818, 18.216 +/- 4.217 mug/g prot. p < 0.05). Similary, catalase levels were significantly lower in the diabetic cataractous lenses than senile cataractous lenses (respectively 0.326 +/- 0.134, 0.665 +/- 0.322 kU/g prot. p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the antioxidant capacity in the diabetic cataractous lenses were decreased and this result suggests a role of antioxidant enzymes in the genesis of diabetic cataracts. (C) 2002 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. All rights reserved.Item Knowledge and views of students of the Celal Bayar University Manisa School of Health towards organ donationÖzmen, D; Cetinkaya, AC; Sarizeybek, B; Zeybek, AObjective: The study was carried out to investigate the knowledge and opinions on organ donation of students in the Celal Bayar University School of Health (Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Official). Material and Methods: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of all students enrolled in the school (n= 394) and 75.1% of the students (n= 296) were present at the school on the day of filling out the questionnaire which included 25 items. Data were collected between January and February 2006 by face-to-face interview. SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used for the analysis of the data. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.87 +/- 1.7 and 72.3% were females. Overall, 66.9% stated that they were not informed on organ donation and 36.1% were willing to donate their organs. The major reasons for organ donation were to serve humanity (82.2%) and conscience satisfaction (41.2%). In addition, 51.7% of the students indicated that religion allowed organ donation. Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square analysis. Female students and the students with relatives and close friends who had donated their organs were more willing to donate their organs compared to other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that training of health care professionals on organ donation was essential.Item The effect of locus of control on attitudes towards depression and schizophreniaÖzmen, E; Özmen, D; Deveci, A; Taskin, EOObjective: There is no consensus about the effects of personality traits on attitudes toward mental illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of locus of control on attitudes toward depression and schizophrenia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 196 university students was conducted. Attitudes toward depression and schizophrenia were assessed by a questionnaire designed by the authors and locus of control was measured by using Internal-External Locus of Control Scale developed by Rotter. Results: The items of the attitudes questionnaire were analyzed one by one to find out the effect of locus of control to attitudes toward mental disorders. There is a statistically significant difference between the participants who answered the item as 'I agree' and 'I don't agree' in one out of 15 items of depression part and two out of 15 items of schizophrenia part of the questionnaire. Discussion: Although many studies have shown that an individual's belief about locus of control has an important influence on his/her attitudes and behaviors, in this study it was seen that locus of control had no or minimal effect on attitudes toward depression and schizophrenia. But there is a need to implement new studies to illuminate the subject.Item The prevalence of low back pain and its relationship with household jobs and other factors in a group of women in a rural area in ManisaDündar, PE; Özyurt, BC; Özmen, DThe aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of low back pain and to evaluate the effects of household jobs on low back pain in women living in a rural setting in Manisa. Study population is consisted of 302 women and cluster sampling is performed according to percentage of health center district populations. Participation ratio of this study was 89.1%. Univariete and multivariete risk approach in 95% confidence interval and t test were performed in data analysis. Brief Disability Questionnaire was applied to the study group. Life time and point prevalence of low back pain were determined 79.2% and 34.9% of the study group. Low back pain risk in 95 % CI was higher in wrong posture during ironing, heavy load lifting, overweight/obesity and disability 2.2 (1.1-4.5), 4.5 (2.1-9.2), 3.8 (1.7-8.3) and 9.2 (4.3-19.7) times respectively. For preventive health measures it is necessary to apply ergonomic working conditions and to give appropriate postural habits to women.Item The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western TurkeyDündar, PE; Özmen, D; Öztürk, B; Haspolat, G; Akyildiz, F; Çoban, S; Çakiroglu, GBackground: Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish women, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about breast cancer and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography in a group of women aged 20 - 64 in a rural area of western Turkey. Methods: 244 women were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of breast cancer form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. Results: The mean age of the women was 37.7 +/- 13.7. 49.2% of women were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the women in this study reported that they had heard or read about breast cancer, our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of breast cancer, half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of breast cancer knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the BSE and mammography practice ( p = 0.011, p = 0.007). BSE performers among the study group were more likely to be women who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from BSE practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to BSE performance and possessed knowledge of breast cancer. Conclusion: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence women's BSE and mammography practice.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF DEMENTIA CARE AND SUPPORT PROGRAM IN BOTH PATIENT AND CAREGIVER OUTCOMES: AN INTERVENTION STUDYUyar, F; Özmen, D; Mavioglu, H; Atalay, NIntroduction: Dementia is one of the priority issues among the public health concerns. This study aims to assess the impact of the Dementia Care and Support Program in caregivers and patients with dementia. Materials and Methods: This study is an intervention study. Dementia Care and Support Program was a planned 16-week program. Sixty-one patient-caregiver pairs were randomized into two groups, the intervention (n=31) and control groups (n=30). Dementia Care and Support Program was applied to the intervention group, but the control group received routine hospital care. Data were collected between July and November 2016 from a dementia outpatient clinic. While data for patients were collected using the quality-of-life assessment in Alzheimer's disease and Neuropsychiatric Inventory, data for caregivers were collected using the quality of life SF-36, Beck Depression, Beck Anxiety, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Care Inventory. Results: Fifty-four patient-caregiver pairs completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 76.7 +/- 11.2 (46-96) years old. There was no statistically significant difference in the quality-of-life scores and neuropsychiatric symptom scores between the patient groups (p>0.05). The mean age of caregivers was 53.6 +/- 14.8 (22-81) years old. Statistically significant differences were found in NPI-D, quality-of-life mental health, quality-of-life physical health, depression, and anxiety scores between the caregiver groups (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in burden scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study established that Dementia Care and Support Program has positive effects on caregivers.Item Creating normal values of home blood pressure measurement of high grade students in manisaAkil, I; Özmen, D; Çetinkaya, A; Tayhan, AItem Hopelessness and factors affecting hopelessness in high school studentsÖzmen, D; Dündar, PE; Çetinkaya, AC; Taskin, O; Özmen, EObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of hopelessness and to examine the effects of socio-demographic features, depression, self-esteem on hopelessness in a high school population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1185 ninth-grade Turkish adolescents aged between 14 and 19. Hopelessness, sef esteem and depression levels were measured with Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Children's Depression Inventory respectively. Student's t-test and analysis of variance were used to examine relationships among the variables. Results: Being male, lower income, lower education levels in parents, perception of family status as low, depression, lower self esteem, perception of quality of life as low were positively correlated with the mean score of Beck Hopelessness Scale. On the other hand only 16.6% of the students responded as 'yes' to item 'my future seems dark to me' and 12.8% of the students responded as 'no' to item 'I look forward to the future with hope and enthusiasm.' Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that school-based adolescents in urban part of Turkey have hope for the future. But the prevalence of hopelessness was not rare in school-based adolescents and it was more common in the children of families with low socio-economical level. Hopelessness may be one of the important indicators of low subjective well-being that should be recognized by the health care personnel.Item Attitudes of Married Women Towards Induced Abortion in ManisaÖzmen, D; Çetinkaya, AÇ; Ulas, SC; Bolsoy, NIntroduction: This study was aimed at revealing attitudes of married women towards induced abortion. Methods: This study was descriptive and the study population included 64.382 married women aged 15-49 years in the city of Manisa. Three hundred and eighty-three women were selected from 11 family health care centers by proportional stratified sampling. The data were collected using Socio-demographic Information Form, Attitude Inventory of Induced Abortion and Knowledge of Induced Abortion Form. Results: The participants had the highest rates of agreement with the items induced abortion is a sin and induced abortion is a murder. Multivariate analyses showed that women at an older age, women with higher education, women having a nuclear family, women with fewer living children, women with a previous induced abortion, women using a modern family planning method, women defining themselves as nullifidians or who did not fulfil religious rituals, and women having higher scores for knowledge of induced abortion had a more positive attitude towards induced abortion. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the attitudes of women towards induced abortion were affected by religion, but that they had the enough flexibility to have a positive attitude when a medical or social necessity arose.Item lRelationship between knowledge levels of men about prostate cancer screenings and their health literacyTayhan, A; Özmen, DPurpose: Prostate cancer is one of the cancer types most frequently causing death throughout the world. Early diagnosis of prostate cancer is important. This study was directed towards examining the relation between knowledge levels of men aged over 40 about prostate cancer screenings and their health literacy. Materials and Methods: The study has a descriptive and cross-sectional design and included 501 men selected through proportional cluster sampling. Data were collected with Socio-Demographic Features Form, the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening Questionnaire and Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire. Results: The mean score for the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening Questionnaire was 3.85 +/- 2.05 and the mean score for Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire was 80.87 +/- 16.03. There was a significant, positive and moderate relation between the mean score for the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening Questionnaire and that for Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire. The mean score for Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire accounted for 48% of the variance in the scores for the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening Questionnaire. Conclusion: Knowledge levels of the participants about prostate cancer screenings were affected by their health literacy levels.