Browsing by Author "Afacan B."
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Item Gingival crevicular fluid calprotectin, osteocalcin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptid levels in health and different periodontal diseases(Hindawi Limited, 2011) Becerik S.; Afacan B.; Öztürk V.O.; Atmaca H.; Emingil G.Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) calprotectin, osteocalcin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in health along with different periodontal diseases. Material and methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 gingivitis and 20 healthy subjects were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and papillary bleeding index was recorded. GCF calprotectin, osteocalcin and NTx levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: CP, G-AgP and gingivitis groups had higher GCF calprotectin total amount compared to healthy subjects (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had similar, but higher levels compared to gingivitis groups (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had lower GCF osteocalcin total amount compared to gingivitis and healthy groups (p< 0.008). CP group had higher GCF NTx but lower osteocalcin total amount and osteocalcin/NTx ratio than the G-AgP group (p< 0.008). Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated GCF calprotectin levels play a role as a reliable inflammatory marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Fluctuating GCF levels of osteocalcin and NTx might point out to the abnormal bone turnover in periodontitis. Our data document for the first time the role of NTx in the pathogenesis of different periodontal diseases. © 2011 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.Item Gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin, N-terminal telopeptides, and calprotectin levels in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth(2011) Becerik S.; Gürkan A.; Afacan B.; Oztürk V.O.; Atmaca H.; Töz H.; Atilla G.; Emingil G.Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) osteocalcin, crosslinked N-terminal telopeptide (NTx), and calprotectin levels in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Methods: Forty medicated patients with CsA including 20 with GO (CsA GO+), 10 without GO (CsA GO-), 10 with GO and chronic periodontitis (CsA CP) and 60 patients with CP alone, 20 patients with gingivitis, and 20 healthy patients were enrolled. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papillary bleeding index were recorded. GCF calprotectin, osteocalcin, and NTx levels were analyzed by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The CsA GO+ and CP groups had significantly lower GCF osteocalcin levels and osteocalcin/NTx ratio than the healthy group, whereas GCF osteocalcin levels and osteocalcin/ NTx ratio in the gingivitis group were higher than the CsA GO+, CsA GO-, CsA CP, and CP groups (P <0.05). The CP group had elevated GCF calprotectin levels compared to the other study groups (P <0.05). The CsA GO+ and CsA GO- groups also had higher GCF calprotectin levels compared to the CsA CP, gingivitis, and healthy groups (P <0.05). Conclusions: Increased GCF calprotectin and decreased GCF osteocalcin levels in the CsA GO+ and CsA GO- groups might suggest that CsA plays a role on the levels of these markers. The similarity of GCF osteocalcin, NTx, and calprotectin levels in the CsA GO+ and CsA GO- groups might suggest that these molecules are not involved in the pathogenesis of GO.Item Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in Obese children with gingivitis(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Doğusal G.; Afacan B.; Bozkurt E.; Sönmez I.Background: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of obese children with gingivitis. Methods: One-hundred and thirty children (65 obese and 65 normal weight; age range 8 to 12 years) were recruited for the study. The children were classified into four subgroups based on their body mass and periodontal status; 1) obese children with gingivitis (OG, n = 33); 2) obese children with healthy periodontium (OH, n = 32); 3) normal weight children with gingivitis (NWG, n = 32); 4) normal weight children with healthy periodontium (NWH, n = 33). Body mass index (BMI) percentile, probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Resistin and TNF-α were analyzed in GCF and saliva samples by ELISA. Results: Obese children had higher BMI percentiles than normal weight children (p < 0.0001). PPD, GI, PI, GCF volume, GCF, and salivary resistin and TNF-α levels were similar between obese and normal weight children (P > 0.05). OG and NWG subgroups had significantly higher GI, PI, GCF volume, GCF resistin total amounts, and salivary resistin concentrations but lower GCF resistin and TNF-α concentrations than OH and NWH (P < 0.0001 for all). GCF resistin total amounts were positively correlated with GI, PI, and GCF TNF-α total amounts (P < 0.05). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluated the levels of resistin in GCF and saliva of children. Obesity is not associated with GCF and salivary resistin and TNF-α levels in children in the presence of gingival inflammation. © 2018 American Academy of Periodontology.Item Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Afacan B.; Öztürk V.Ö.; Paşalı Ç.; Bozkurt E.; Köse T.; Emingil G.Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is expressed as an adaptive response to hypoxia, mediates angiogenesis through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This study aimed to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease. Methods: A total of 87 individuals, 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 chronic periodontitis (CP), 26 gingivitis patients, and 21 periodontally healthy individuals, were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded; GCF and salivary samples were collected; and HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analyses. Results: G-AgP and CP groups had significantly higher GCF HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α total amounts than gingivitis and healthy groups (P < 0.05). GCF HIF-1α and TNF-α total amounts in gingivitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group (P < 0.05). GCF and salivary concentrations of biomarkers were similar in both periodontitis groups (P > 0.05). Salivary HIF-1α concentrations in gingivitis group were significantly higher than G-AgP and healthy groups (P < 0.05). GCF HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α total amounts were positively correlated with the site-specific clinical periodontal parameters and with each other (P < 0.05). Conclusions: HIF-1α is detectable in GCF and saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy individuals, and the GCF levels of the biomarker can be affected by disease status. Increased GCF HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in both chronic and aggressive form of periodontitis might suggest the role of TNF-α/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. © 2018 American Academy of PeriodontologyItem Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients(Wiley-Blackwell, 2020) Afacan B.; Keleş Yücel Z.P.; Paşali Ç.; Atmaca İlhan H.; Köse T.; Emingil G.Background: Hypoxia-inducible angiogenic pathway involving hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may regulate several biological processes related to inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). Methods: Twenty G-AgP patients and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. G-AgP patients received scaling and root planning (SRP), per quadrant at a 1-week-interval, performed with ultrasonic and periodontal hand instruments. GCF samples were collected and clinical periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment. Biomarker levels in GCF were analyzed by ELISA. Results: At baseline all clinical parameters and GCF HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in G-AgP patients compared to healthy control (P < 0.05). All clinical parameters improved over the 3-month-period in G-AgP patients (P < 0.05). GCF HIF-1α levels in G-AgP reduced at 1 and 3 months post-treatment, however, this did not reach to statistical significance (P > 0.05). GCF VEGF and TNF-α levels remained unchanged throughout the study period (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, although HIF-1α seems to possess a potential diagnostic value for G-AgP, it might not be a proper predictor of clinically favorable treatment outcome. SRP plus different adjunctive therapies could provide better information about the prognostic role of hypoxia-inducible angiogenic pathway in G-AgP. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Academy of PeriodontologyItem Full-mouth disinfection effects on gingival fluid calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N-telopeptide of Type I collagen in severe periodontitis(Wiley-Blackwell, 2020) Afacan B.; Çınarcık S.; Gürkan A.; Özdemir G.; İlhan H.A.; Vural C.; Köse T.; Emingil G.Background: To compare the effects of full-mouth disinfection (FMD) and full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) on clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters with conventional quadrant-wise scaling and root planning (Q-SRP) in severe chronic periodontitis. Methods: In the present prospective randomized controlled clinical trial with three parallel arms (#NCT04038801), 60 chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to three study groups by a consecutive number in ascending order: FMD (n = 20), FMUD (n = 20), and Q-SRP (n = 20). All measurements and treatments were performed by the same investigator. At baseline, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque were collected and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Ultrasonic debridement was completed within 24 hours in FMD and FMUD groups. Chlorhexidine gluconate was used for FMD. Q-SRP was performed by hand instruments per quadrant at 1-week-intervals. Clinical measurements and sampling were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Real-time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and total bacteria count. GCF Calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) levels were analyzed by ELISA. The changes of GCF biomarker levels after treatment between groups were the primary outcomes. Results: No harm was observed. All treatment strategies resulted in significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between study groups at all time-points (P ˃ 0.05). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was significantly decreased in FMD compared to FMUD and Q-SRP at 6 months (P < 0.05). Although GCF NTx total amounts increased in all groups during the study period, this increase was less prominent in full-mouth groups at three time points after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Present results represent the short-term effects. Full-mouth treatment approaches offered limited beneficial effects on microbiological and biochemical parameters over quadrant-wise approach. All three treatment strategies can be recommended in the management of severe chronic periodontitis. © 2020 American Academy of PeriodontologyItem The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF-1) and 3 (TFF-3) are upregulated in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and serum of periodontitis patients(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Keles Yucel Z.P.; Afacan B.; Atmaca İlhan H.; Kose T.; Emingil G.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the levels of trefoil factor family (TFF)-1, TFF-3 and interleukin (IL)-1β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum of patients with gingivitis, stage 3 periodontitis and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 individuals consisting of 25 periodontally healthy, 25 gingivitis and 50 stage 3 periodontitis, were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal examinations were recorded and GCF, saliva and serum samples were obtained. TFF-1, TFF-3 and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. Results: TFF-1 and TFF-3 levels in both GCF, saliva and serum were higher in periodontitis patients than healthy controls (p <.001) and gingivitis group (p <.01). The levels of these peptides in all biofluids were similar between gingivitis and healthy control groups (p >.05). GCF, saliva and serum IL-1β levels were also higher in periodontitis patients than the controls (p <.01). Periodontitis patients had elevated GCF and saliva IL-β levels than gingivitis group (p <.001). Conclusion: Elevated TFF-1 and TFF-3 levels both locally and systemically in periodontitis in parallel to increased IL-1β levels might suggest that these peptides are involved in host response during the periodontal tissue destruction. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Afacan B.; Ilhan H.A.; Köse T.; Emingil G.Objectives: This study aims to evaluate GCF Galectin-3 and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-β) levels in different grades (B and C) of stage 3 periodontitis, concurrently, and also to investigate their discriminative efficiencies in periodontal diseases. Materials and methods: A total of 80 systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals, 20 stage 3 grade C (S3GC) periodontitis 20 stage 3 grade B (S3GB) periodontitis, 20 gingivitis, and 20 periodontally healthy were enrolled. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF Galectin-3 and IL-1β total amounts were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Galectin-3 and IL-1β were detected in all participants. Both periodontitis groups had significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 total amounts than periodontally healthy controls (p <0.05). S3GC periodontitis group had also significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 levels than gingivitis group (p <0.05). GCF IL-1β levels in periodontitis groups were higher than gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups (p <0.05). Galectin-3 exhibited an AUC value of 0.89 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health, an AUC value of 0.87 with 80% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis versus gingivitis, while an AUC value of 0.85 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GB periodontitis from healthy controls. Conclusions: GCF Galectin-3 levels are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Galectin-3 showed excellent diagnostic performances to discriminate S3GB and S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health and gingivitis. Clinical relevance: The present findings suggest that GCF Galectin-3 levels may be useful in the diagnosis of the periodontal diseases. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Oral biofluid levels of Activin-A and interleukin-1beta in stage III periodontitis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Özden C.; Afacan B.; İlhan H.A.; Köse T.; Emingil G.Objectives: Activin-A belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in inflammation, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration. Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) can increase Activin-A expression in various cell types. This study aims to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary Activin-A and IL-β levels in stage III periodontitis. Materials and methods: 23 patients with stage III periodontitis, 26 with gingivitis and 26 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Full-mouth clinical periodontal indices were recorded, unstimulated whole saliva and GCF samples were obtained, Activin-A and IL-1β total amounts were determined by ELISA. Statistical comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Periodontitis group exhibited significantly lower GCF Activin-A levels but higher IL-1β levels than the periodontally healthy group (p < 0.05). Gingivitis group had similar GCF Activin-A and IL-1β levels to the periodontitis and periodontally healthy groups (p > 0.05). Salivary Activin-A and IL-1β concentrations were similar among study groups (p > 0.05). GCF Activin-A level showed an excellent diagnostic performance (an AUC value of 0.82 with 87% sensitivity) to discriminate periodontitis from periodontal health. Conclusions: For the first time, this study demonstrated oral biofluid levels of Activin-A in periodontal health and diseases. Within the limits of the study, it might be suggested that diseased sites in periodontitis are associated with reduced Activin-A and increased IL-1β levels in GCF. Clinical relevance. Reduced GCF Activin-A levels and the accompanying increase in IL-1β might be associated with diseased sites in stage III periodontitis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.