Browsing by Author "Akdeniz F."

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    Valproate-associated reproductive and metabolic abnormalities: Are epileptic women at greater risk than bipolar women?
    (Elsevier Inc., 2003) Akdeniz F.; Taneli F.; Noyan A.; Yüncü Z.; Vahip S.
    Objective: Evidence indicates that valproate (VPA) may have an adverse impact on reproductive endocrine and metabolic functions in women with epilepsy. This study explores whether the association of VPA with reproductive endocrine abnormalities is applicable to women with bipolar disorder (BD) or is unique to women with epilepsy. Methods: Thirty female patients aged 18-40 years with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD (15 on lithium monotherapy and 15 on VPA monotherapy or VPA in combination with lithium therapy) and 15 with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) on VPA monotherapy were evaluated for reproductive endocrine functioning and metabolic parameters. Results: The menarche age, mean length of menstrual cycle and mean length of menses were not significantly different between groups. None of the bipolar patients on lithium, three (20%) of the bipolar patients on VPA and seven (47%) of the epileptic patients on VPA reported menstrual disturbances. Hirsutism scores of the epilepsy group were significantly higher than those bipolar women, regardless of treatment. Serum total testosterone levels were significantly higher in patients (both with BD and with IGE) treated with VPA than in those treated with lithium. Serum FSH levels were significantly lower and LH-to-FSH ratio was significantly higher in patients with epilepsy than in patients with BD, regardless of treatment. The weight parameters and lipid values investigated did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: The study supports the conclusion that VPA may be associated with menstrual abnormalities and increased total testosterone levels in both bipolar and epileptic patients although women with BD did not show clinical features of hyperandrogenism (menstrual abnormalities, hirsutism and truncal obesity) as did frequently as women with epilepsy. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Low serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with schizophrenia do not elevate after antipsychotic treatment
    (2004) Pirildar S.; Gönül A.S.; Taneli F.; Akdeniz F.
    Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. There is a line of evidence that disruption of neurotrophins could play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and antipsychotics show their effect by altering levels of neurotrophins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antipsychotics on serum BDNF levels and their relationship with the symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 22 age- and sex-matched physically and mentally healthy volunteers (7 male, 15 female). Serum BDNF levels and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores were recorded at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Serum BDNF levels were also recorded in the control group. Schizophrenia patients who failed to meet 30% improvement in PANSS score were excluded from the study. The baseline serum BDNF levels of schizophrenia patients were lower than those of controls (t=4.56; df=21; p<0.001). There was no correlation between serum BDNF levels and PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia (p>0.05). Although PANSS (for positive symptoms p<0.001, for negative symptoms p<0.001) and general psychopathology (t=20.9; df=22; p<0.001) scores improved significantly after 6 weeks of antipsychotic treatment; there was no change in BDNF levels in patients' serum (p>0.05). Our results support the view that BDNF would be associated with schizophrenia. However, we could not conclude that treatment with antipsychotics alters serum BDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Serum nitric oxide metabolite levels and the effect of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia
    (2004) Taneli F.; Pirildar S.; Akdeniz F.; Uyanik B.S.; Ari Z.
    Recently it was proposed that nitric oxide metabolites (NO) may have a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major depressive disorders. The present study was performed to assess changes in serum nitric oxide metabolite levels in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls. Our secondary aim was to further evaluate the impact of psychopharmacologic treatment on circulating NO levels not assessed previously. Serum NO levels of patients with schizophrenia (n = 20) before and after 6 weeks of treatment were compared with those of healthy controls (n = 20). Severity of schizophrenia and response to treatment were assessed with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. NO levels were estimated by Griess method in serum samples. In patients with schizophrenia, pre-treatment serum NO levels were higher than those of control subjects (39.15 ± 18.24 vs. 25.40 ± 5.83 μmol/L, p = 0.036) and also of post-treatment values (34.41 ± 16.35 vs. 25.40 ± 5.83 μmol/L, p = 0.049), respectively. However, no significant difference was found between serum NO levels in pre- and post-treatment values. Our findings of increased serum NO levels in schizophrenic patients confirmed the role of NO in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, we found that antipsychotic drugs do not reveal significant effects on serum levels of NO in schizophrenia in a 6-week treatment regimen. Further studies with longer therapy periods may suggest some new clues for novel treatment strategies employing antioxidants and NOS inhibitors in schizophrenia. © 2004 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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    Effect of treatment on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in depressed patients
    (2005) Gonul A.S.; Akdeniz F.; Taneli F.; Donat O.; Eker Ç.; Vahip S.
    Researchers have reported that serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sBDNF) of drug-free depressed patients are lower than those of healthy controls and proposed that low sBDNF levels might reflect failure of neuronal plasticity in depression. In this study, we compared sBDNF levels of depressed patients (n = 28) before and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, with those of healthy controls (n = 18) to test the hypothesis that initially low sBDNF levels of drug-free depressed patients will increase parallel with their clinical response to antidepressant treatment. The severity of depression and response to treatment were assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). sBDNF was assayed with the sandwich ELISA method. Baseline sBDNF levels of patients (mean, 20.8 ng/ml; [S. D., 6.7]) were significantly lower than those of controls (mean, 26.8 ng/ml; [S. D., 9.3]; p = 0.015), and were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores (r = -0.49, p = 0.007). After 8 weeks of treatment, sBDNF levels of patients had increased significantly (mean, 33.3 ng/ml; [S. D., 9.9]; p < 0.001) and no longer differed from those of controls. These results support the hypothesis that BDNF might play a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and successful antidepressant treatment increases the attenuated BDNF levels in depressed patients.
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    Reliability and validity of turkish version of biological rhythms interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry
    (2012) Aydemir Ö.; Akkaya C.; Altinbaş K.; Kora K.; SüCüllüoglu Dikici D.; Akdeniz F.; Kalayci F.; Oral E.T.; Vahip S.
    Objective: In this study, it is aimed to perform the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Methods: The study was performed with 79 bipolar type-I disorder, 26 bipolar type-II disorder and 42 major depressive disorder patients attending to mood disorder clinics of three university hospitals and one state training hospital as well as 116 university students consisting healthy control subjects. The mean duration of the illness was 15.1 years for the bipolar groups and 9,3 years for the depressive group. For concurrent validity, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used. In the statistical analyzes, internal consistency coefficient, item-total score correlations, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes, correlation with the other scale and ROC curve were calculated. Results: The forward and back translation of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry was performed, and linguistic equivalence was obtained with the scale prepared. In internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.899 and item-total correlation coefficients were between 0.239 and 0.747. In the exploratory factor analysis, a total of three factors representing 56.5% of the total variance were obtained and the themes of the factors were daily activities, sleep and eating habits and interpersonal relations. In the confirmatory factor analysis, confirmatory fit index was 0.932 and root mean square of approximation was 0.065. The correlation between Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was found to be r=0.238. In the sensitivity and specificity analysis, the area under the ROC curve was 0.876. The scale discriminated mood disorder groups from the healthy control group. Conclusion: It is shown that the Turkish version of Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry which is used in the assessment of circadian rhythm and functionality is reliable and valid.
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    Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Burden assessment scale; [Hastalık yükü deǧerlendirme ölçeǧi'nin türkçe sürümünün güvenilirlik ve geçerliliǧi]
    (Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2012) Aydemir Ö.; Sücüllüoǧlu Dikici D.; Akdeniz F.; Kalayci F.
    Background: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Burden Assessment Scale. Methods: The study was carried out on 100 volunteers who were caregivers of in- or outpatients at a university hospital, department of psychiatry. The diagnoses of the patients were schizophrenia (25%), bipolar disorder (22%), major depressive disorder (24%), and anxiety disorder (29%). The mean duration of the illness was 8.2±8.7 years. For the concurrent validity, the Perceived Family Burden Scale and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were used. In the statistical analyses, internal consistency, item-total score correlation, explorative factor analysis, correlation with other scales were calculated. Results: The Turkish version of the Burden Assessment Scale was prepared after the translation and back-translation of the original scale and after the consensus on the translated form. In the internal consistency analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient was found to be 0,894 and item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.297 and 0.742. In the explorative factor analysis, a five-factor solution explaining 67.2% of the total variance was obtained and the conceptual themes of the factors were limitations in daily life, negative emotions, worry for the patient, losses of the caregiver, and disruption in activities. The correlation of the Burden Assessment Scale with the Perceived Family Burden Scale was r=0.485 and with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale was r=0.610. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Burden Assessment Scale which is convenient in the milder forms of psychiatric disorders and which is developed for the assessment burden of patients on their caregivers is reliable and valid. © Archives of Neuropsychiatry, published by Galenos Publishing.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of severity of acute stress symptoms scale; [DSM-5 Akut Stres Belirti Şiddeti Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aşçibaşi K.; Çökmüş F.P.; Aydemir Ö.; Aydin Aşik E.; Herdem A.; Alçi D.; Öztekin S.; Sarikavak T.; Aydin O.; Balikçi K.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Yüzeren S.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Akdeniz F.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Turkish Form of Acute Stress Symptoms Scale which was developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of acute stress disorder. Methods: This research was carried out with the patients who fulfilled the criteria of any stress related disorders according to DSM-5 criterion in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics of Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine. Except for acute or post-traumatic stress disorders, patients with any other mental or physical disease were excluded. Fifty patients were included in the study. As the control group, 150 volunteers without any mental or physical diseases were invited. Beside Acute Stress Symptoms Scale, Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) which is the most commonly used self-rated instrument to rate the experience of recent trauma is utilized for concur-rent validity. In reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation coefficients were calcu-lated. In validity analyses, factor analysis and correlation analysis with PDEQ were performed. Results: The mean age of the study group was 32.1±12.0 years, and 57.7% of the sample group (n=116) were female. 31.3% of the group were college graduates, 36.3% primary school graduates, 29.9% is high school graduates. Disease duration in acute stress disorder group was 4.08±4.57 years. For the internal consistency of Acute Stress Symptoms Severity Scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.95. Item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.76 and 0.88 and all were statistically significant. For the exploratory factor analysis, sample adequacy was tested, Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficients was 0.91 and Bartlett coefficient was 1388. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue was 5.40, representing 77.8% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.82-0.92. The coefficient of correlation analysis with PDEQ was calculated as r=0.88. Area under the curve is found 0.99 as the result of ROC analysis. Conclusion: With these findings, it is shown that the severity of Acute Stress Symptoms Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017 Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of level 2 anxiety scale; [DSM-5 düzey 2 anksiyete ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aydin Aşik E.; Çökmüş F.P.; Aydemir Ö.; Aşçibaşi K.; Herdem A.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Alçi D.; Sarikavak T.; Öztekin S.; Balikçi K.; Yüzeren S.; Aydin O.; Akdeniz F.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Turkish Form of Level 2 Anxiety Scale developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of panic disorder. Methods: This study was carried out with patients with a diagnosis of any anxiety disorder according to DSM-5 criteria who are under treatment in Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry inpatient or outpatient clinics. Patients with any mental or physical disease except for anxiety disorders were excluded. Accordingly, 54 patients with anxiety disorder were included in the study and these were distributed as panic disorder in seven patients, generalized anxiety disorder in two patients, agoraphobia in three patients, specific phobia in one patient, obsessive-compulsive disorder in two patients, somatization disorder in one patient and not otherwise specified anxiety disorder in 38 patients. As the healthy control group in 104 volunteers without any mental or physical disease were included. Beside Level 2 Anxiety Scale the most widely used self-rated scale, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. In reliability analysis internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis; in validity analyses factor analysis and correlation analysis with the Spearman Correlation Analysis (SCA) was performed for validation. Results: The mean age of the study group was 28.23±11.7 years and 58.9% of the sample group (n=93) were female. 64.6% of the group were college graduates, 19.0% primary school graduates, 12.7% is also high school graduates. Disease duration of anxiety disorder group was 17.2±11.2 years. The internal consistency of the Level 2 Anxiety Scale was 0.94 and, item-total correlation coefficients of the Level 2 Anxiety Scale were between 0.68 and 0.88. In the exploratory factor analysis, for sample adequacy Kaiser- Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was calculated as 0.90 and Bartlett coefficient was 1.08. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue was 5.26, explaining 75.2% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.75 and 0.92. Coefficient of correlation analysis with SCA was calculated as r=0.45. Conclusion: These findings have been shown that the Level 2 Anxiety Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of DSM-5 level 2 anger scale; [DSM-5 İkinci Düzey Öfke Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Çöldür E.Ö.; Öztekin S.; Aydemir Ö.; Sücüllüoğludikici D.; Akdeniz F.; Yüzeren S.; Alçi D.; Balikçi K.; Çökmüş F.P.; Aydin O.; Sarikavak T.; Aşçibaşi K.; Herdem A.; Aydin Aşik E.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish Form of Level 2 Anger Scale. The scale was originally developed to measure the severity of anger regarding the DSM-5 criteria. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry in Celal Bayar University Hospital. The participants were in- or out-patients diagnosed with any psychotic disorders according to the DSM-5. The exclusion criteria were comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders and/or physical diseases. The participants were 49 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=40), schizoaffective disorder (n=3), and not otherwise specified psychotic disorder (n=6). One hundred and one volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also included to represent the healthy control. In the assesment beside Level 2 Anger Scale, 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used. In reliability analysis internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis were performed; for validity analysis exploratory factor analysis was performed. In concurrent validity correlation analyses between Level 2 Anger Scale and BPRS tension, hostility, uncooperativeness, and elated mood subscales were computed. In order to discriminate between the psychosis and the control group, group means of Anger Scale were compared with t-test. Results: The mean age of the study group was 26.0±10.3 and 52.7% of the sample group were female (n=79). 69.3% of them were graduated from university (n=104), 19.3% from high school (n=29), and 8% from elementary school. Disease duration of psychotic disorder group was 17.1±9.7 years. The internal consistency of the Level 2 Anger Scale was 0.91 and, item-total correlation coefficients were between 0.74-0.83. For the exploratory factor analysis of sample adequacy of Level 2 Anger Scale Kaiser-Meğer-Olkin (KMO) coefficients 0.81 and Bartlett coefficient 1.03 was found. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue is 3.79, representing 75.80% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items of the scale were between 0.83-0.90.The mean of score was 5.09±0.72 in the psychosis group while it was calculated as 3.65±0.36 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups. There were moderate to high correlations between Level 2 Anger Scale and BPRS tension, hostility, uncooperativeness, and elated mood. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the Turkish version of Level 2 Anger Scale is a valid and reliable. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of DSM-5 mania scale; [DSM-5 mani ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Öztekin S.; Alçi D.; Aydemir Ö.; Çökmüş F.P.; Aydin O.; Balikçi K.; Sarikavak T.; Akdeniz F.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Aşçibaşi K.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Yüzeren S.; Herdem A.; Aşik E.A.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of DSM-5 Mania Scale which was developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of mania. Methods: This study was conducted with 50 patients who meet the diagnostic criteria of bipolar disorders according to DSM-5 criteria who are within manic or euthymic episode. The patients were under treatment at inpatient and outpatient clinics of Psychiatry Department of Celal Bayar University, Medicine Faculty. Patients with any mental or physical disease except bipolar disorders were excluded. Sixty-three volunteers without any mental or physical disease were in- cluded as healthy control group. Beside DSM-5 Mania Scale the most widely used scale Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was used for concurrent validity. In reliability analyses internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis; in validity analyses factor analysis and correlation analysis with the Pearson Correlation Analysis were performed. Results: The mean ages of the bipolar disorders group (n=50) and healthy control group (n=63) were respectively 30.9±13.6 and 22.4±5.8. 53.7% of the sample group (n=58) were female. Disease duration of bipolar disorder group was 7.2±7.9 years. The internal consistency of the DSM-5 Mania Scale was 0.91 and, item-total correlation coefficients of the DSM-5 Mania Scale were between 0.67 and 0.85. In the explanatory factor analysis, for sample adequacy Kaiser- Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was calculated as 0.85 and Bartlett coefficient was 389.51. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue was 3.69, explaining 73.8% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.77-0.91. Significant and high levels of correlation were determined between YMRS and DSM-5 Mania Scale (r=0.78). Conclusion: These findings have been shown that the DSM-5 Mania Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of turkish form of DSM-5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom scale-adult version; [DSM-5 birinci düzey kesitsel belirti ölçeği türkçe erişkin formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Çökmüş F.P.; Balikçi K.; Aydemir Ö.; Akdeniz F.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Yüzeren S.; Alçi D.; Öztekin S.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Aydin O.; Sarikavak T.; Aşçibaşi K.; Herdem A.; Aydin Aşik E.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Turkish Form of DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale Adult Version which is developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of general symptomatology. Methods: This research was carried out with patients and their relatives who fulfilled the criteria of any psychiatric disorder according to DSM-5 criteria in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics of Manisa Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine and healthy control group without any mental or physical disease. Accordingly, the distribution of psychiatric diagnosis of the patients were as follows: 39 patients with major depressive disorder, three patients with panic disorder, two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, four patients with schizophrenia, two patients with schizoaffective disorder, seven patients with BTA anxiety disorder, two patients with conversion disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in one patient. Beside Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale, the most widely used for general semptomatology self-rated scale, Symptom Check List-90-Revised Form (SCL-90-R) was used for concurrent validity. In reliability analysis internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis; in validity analyses exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis with the SCL-90-R and subscales was performed for validation. Results: This research was carried out with 206 volunteers. 61.2% of the sample group (n=126) were female and the mean age of the study group was 35.1±11.2 years. 29.6% of the group were college graduates, 36.4% primary school graduates, 7.8% middle school graduates and 23.3% were also high school. The internal consistency of the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale was 0.94 and, item-total score correlation coefficients of the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale were between 0.30-0.79. In the exploratory factor analysis, for sample adequacy Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was calculated as 0.92 and Bartlett coefficient was 3007.76. Three-factor solution was obtained, representing 60.8% of the total variance. In the analysis of the correlation between the subscales of SCL-90-R and subscales of the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale were as follows; for depression r=0.72, for anxiety r=0.80, for somatization r=0.72, for psychosis r=0.70, for obsessive compulsive symptoms r=0.68, for personality r=0.72, for suicide r=0.53, for sleep r=0.76, for anger r=0.64 and for the total score r=0.87 was obtained. Conclusion: These findings show that the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish version of DSM-5 level 2 depression adult scale; [DSM-5 düzey 2 depresyon erişkin ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aydin Aşik E.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Aydemir Ö.; Aşçibaşi K.; Herdem A.; Alçi D.; Sarikavak T.; Çökmüş F.P.; Öztekin S.; Balikçi K.; Yüzeren S.; Aydin O.; Akdeniz F.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the reliability and validity of Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Adult Scale which was developed to measure the severity of depression. Methods: The study group included 51 in or out-patients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder according to DSM-5. Sixty-five volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also recruited as a control group. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is the most widely used self-report scale, was used for concurrent validity. Internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis were performed for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used for validity, as BDI was used for concurrent validity. Results: Mean age was 40.5±11.4 in the patient group and 21.8±4.9 years in the control group, respectively. 62.1% of the sample group (n=72) were female. 59.5% of the group were college graduates, 16.4% were primary school graduates and 14.7% were high school graduates. Disease duration for major depressive disorder was 13.5±10.5 years for the patient group. The internal consistency of the Level 2 Depression Adult was 0.96. Item-total correlation coefficients were between 0.71 and 0.90. For the exploratory factor analysis of sample adequacy of DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Adult Scale, Kaiser-Meger-Olkin (KMO) coefficient and Bartlett coefficient was calculated as 0.91 and 1026.62, respectively. Single-factor solution was obtained with an eigen value of 6.27, representing 78.3% of the variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.77 and 0.92. Correlation coefficient of Level 2 Depression Adult Scale with BDI was found as r=0.76. Conclusion: The Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Adult Scale is reliable and valid. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of repetitive thoughts and behaviors scale; [DSM-5 Yineleyici Düşünceler ve Davranışlar Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aşçibaşi K.; Öztekin S.; Aydemir Ö.; Aydin Aşik E.; Poyraz Çökmüş F.; Herdem A.; Alçi D.; Sarikavak T.; Aydin O.; Balikçi K.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Yüzeren S.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Akdeniz F.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of Repetitive Thoughts and Behaviors Scale (RTBS) which is developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Methods: This research was carried out with 30 patients who fulfilled the criteria of obsessive compulsive disorders according to DSM-5 criterion in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics of Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine. As the control group, 30 volunteers without any mental or physical diseases were invited. Besides RTBS, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ) which is the most commonly used self-report scale was used for concurrent validity. In reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation coefficients were calculated. In validity analyses, factor analysis and correlation analysis with MOCQ were performed as well as ROC analysis. Results: The mean age of the study group was 31.2±9.7 years, and 65% of the sample group (n=39) were female. 56.7% of the group were college graduates, 25% high school graduates, 18.3% primary school graduates. Disease duration in the obsessive-compulsive disorder group was 7.5±6.1 years. The internal consistency of the RTBS 0.97 and, item-total correlation coefficients of the RTBS be-tween 0.86 and 0.95 was obtained. For the exploratory factor analysis, sample adequacy was tested, Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was 0.87 and Bartlett’s coefficient was 436.89. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue was 4.50, representing 90.1% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.91-0.97. The coefficient of correlation analysis with MOCQ was calculated as r=0.71. The area under the curve in ROC analysis was 0.93. Conclusion: With these findings, it is shown that RTBS is reliable and valid for Turkish Form. © 2017 Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of sleep disorder scale; [DSM-5 Uyku Bozukluğu Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Yüzeren S.; Herdem A.; Aydemir Ö.; Aydin O.; Balikçi K.; Sarikavak T.; Akdeniz F.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Aşçibaşi K.; Çöldür E.; Alçi D.; Öztekin S.; Aydin Aşik E.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study, demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale which improved according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the intensity of sleep disorder. Methods: This study were carried out with patients fulfilling the diagnosis of any sleep disorder according to DSM-5 criteria and who are undergoing treatment in Celal Bayar University Hospital sleep medicine inpatient or outpatient clinic. Patients with any mental or physical disease except for anxiety disorders were excluded. As a result, 50 patients with sleep disorder were included in the study and diagnoses of OSAS in 41 patients, primer insomnia in five patients, parasomnia in three patients and narcolepsia in one patient were made. Without any mental or physical disease in 50 volunteers formed the control group. Beside the DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale, the most widely used scale for sleep disorders, Pittsburgh Sleep Disorder Index (PSQI), was used for validation. Internal consistency coefficient and item-total score correlation analysis for reliability analysis; factor analysis and correlation analysis with the PSQI, and ROC analysis for discrimination between the sleep disorder and healthy control group for validity were performed. Results: The mean age of the study group was 39.3±15.8 years and 47.0% of the sample group (n=47) were female. 55.0% of the group were college graduates, 22.0% primary school graduates, 18.0% were high school graduates. Disease duration of sleep disorder group was 16.8±12.6 years. The internal consistency of the DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale was 0.91 and, item-total score correlation coefficients of the DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale were between 0.61 and 0.81. For the factor analysis, the sample adequacy of DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale was determined with Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) analysis where the coefficient was 0.91 and Bartlett analysis where chi-square was 1.54. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue is 5.07 representing 63.4% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items of the scale were between 0.69-0.87. Coefficient of correlation analysis with PSQI was calculated as r=0.727. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was obtained as 0.76. Conclusion: These findings have been shown that the DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of agoraphobia scale; [DSM-5 agorafobi ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aydin O.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Aydemir Ö.; Balikçi K.; Çökmüş F.P.; Öztekin S.; Herdem A.; Aşçibaşi K.; Sarikavak T.; Akdeniz F.; Alçi D.; Yüzeren Başsivri S.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Aydin Aşik E.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Form of the Agoraphobia Scale. The scale was originally developed to measure the severity of agoraphobia regarding the DSM- 5 criteria. Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry in Celal Bayar University Hospital. The participants were in- or out-patients diagnosed with any anxiety disorder according to the DSM-5. The exclusion criteria were comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders and/or physical diseases. Accordingly, 50 patients with anxiety disorder were included in the study and these were distributed as panic disorder in 14 patients, generalized anxiety disorder in 10 patients, agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder in four patients, post-traumatic stress disorder in one patient and not otherwise specified anxiety disorder in 17 patients. One hundred and three volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also included to represent the healthy control. Additionally the most widely used self-rated scale of the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. Reliability analysis was performed to examine the internal consistency of the Turkish version of the scale. Additionally, item-total correlations were reported. In terms of examining the validity of the scale, subgroup validity analysis was conducted to investigate whether two groups of patients differ in their scores on the scale. ROC analysis was also performed. Results: The mean age of the study group was 29.0±11.8 and 60.1% of the sample group (n=92) were female. 66.0% of the group were college graduates, 19.0% primary school graduates, 15.0% is also high school graduates. Disease duration of anxiety disorder group was 17.1±9.7 years. The internal consistency of the Agoraphobia Scale was 0.95 and, item-total score correlation coefficients of the Agoraphobia Scale were between 0.66 and 0.87. In the explanatory factor analysis, for sample adequacy Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was 0.92 and Bartlett coefficient was 1.57. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue was 7.16, explaining 71.68% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.71 and 0.90. Coefficient of Spearman correlation analysis was r=0.31. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Agoraphobia Scale was a valid and reliable instrument which may serve as useful in guiding future research that aims to measure agoraphobia severity. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Validity and reliability of the turkish version of the clinician rated severity of autism spectrum and social communication disorders scale; [DSM-5 klinisyen tarafından puanlanan otizm spektrum ve toplumsal İletişim bozukluğu Şiddeti Ölçeği türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aydin O.; Çökmüş F.P.; Aydemir Ö.; Herdem A.; Balikçi K.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Öztekin S.; Akdeniz F.; Sarikavak T.; Aşçibaşi K.; Çöldür E.; Alçi D.; Aşik E.A.; Yüzeren S.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the Clinician Rated Severity of Autism Spectrum and Social Communication Disorders Scale. The scale was originally developed to measure the severity of autism spectrum and social communication disorders regarding the DSM-5 criteria. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at Celal Bayar University Hospital. The participants were in- or out-patients diagnosed with any psychotic disorders according to DSM-5. The exclusion criteria were comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders and/or physical diseases. The study was carried out with a total of 49 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=40), schizoaffective disorder (n=3), and not otherwise specified psychotic disorder (n=3). One hundred and one volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also included to represent the healthy control. Reliability analysis was performed to examine the internal consistency of the Turkish version of the scale. Additionally, item-total correlations were reported. In validity analyses, comparison of the total score of the scale in the patient and control groups was evaluated for the discriminative validity. ROC analysis was also performed. Results: 52.7% of the sample were male (n=79). 69.3% of them were graduated from university (n=104), 19.3% from high school (n=29), and 8% from elementary school (n=12). The mean age of the study group was 26.3±10.3 years. Disease duration of psychotic disorder group was 18,29±6.43 years. The internal consistency of the Autism Spectrum and Social Communication Disorder Scale was 0.81. Furthermore, item-total correlations revealed that all items in the scale contributed to the consistency of scores with item-total correlations approaching 0.70. The mean score of the scale in the patient group on the scale was 1.42 whereas the mean score of the healthy group was 0.0. The t-test analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the sample group and the healthy group in their scores on the scale. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.84. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the Turkish version of Autism Spectrum and Social Communication Disorder Scale was a valid and reliable instrument which may serve as useful in guiding future research that aims to understand autism spectrum and social communication disorder. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of DSM-5 severity measure for specific phobia; [DSM-5 Özgül Fobi Şiddet Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Öztekin S.; Aydin O.; Aydemir Ö.; Çökmüş F.; Sarikavak T.; Sücüllüoğludikici D.; Aşçibaşi K.; Akdeniz F.; Alçı D.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Yüzeren S.; Herdem A.; Aydinaşik E.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of DSM-5 Severity Measure for Specific Phobia Scale which was developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of specific phobia. Methods: This study was carried out with patients with a diagnosis of any anxiety disorder according to DSM-5 criteria who are under treatment in Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Inpatient or Outpatient Clinics. Patients with any mental or physical disease except for anxiety disorders were excluded. Accordingly, 50 patients with anxiety disorder were included in the study. One hundred and three volunteers without any mental or physical disease were included as healthy control group. Beside DSM-5 Severity Measure for Specific Phobia Scale the most widely used self-rated scale, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. In reliability analyses internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis; in validity analyses factor analysis and correlation analysis with the Pearson Correlation Analysis were performed. Results: The mean age of the study group was 29.0±11.8 and 60.1% of the sample group (n=92) were female. 66.0% of the sample group were college graduates, 12.4% high school graduates, 21.6% were also primary school graduates. Disease duration of anxiety disorder group was 5.8±7.0 years. The internal consistency of the DSM-5 Severity Measure for Specific Phobia Scale was 0.79 and item-total correlation coefficients were between 0.33 and 0.78. In the explanatory factor analysis, for sample adequacy Kaiser-Meier-Olkin coefficient was calculated as 0.88 and Bartlett coefficient was 1.01. Double-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalues were 5.45 and 1.26, explaining 67.20% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.43 and 0.88. Coefficient of correlation analysis with Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was calculated as r=0.36. Conclusion: These findings have been shown that the DSM-5 Severity Measure for Specific Phobia Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish form of panic disorder scale; [DSM-5 panik bozukluğu ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Balikçi K.; Herdem A.; Aydemir Ö.; Aydin O.; Çökmüş F.P.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Öztekin S.; Akdeniz F.; Sarikavak T.; Aşçibaşi K.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Alçi D.; Aydin Aşik E.; Yüzeren S.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study is to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of Panic Disorder Scale developed according to DSM-5 criteria to measure the severity of panic disorder. Methods: This study was carried out with patients with a diagnosis of any anxiety disorder according to DSM-5 criteria who are under treatment in Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Inpatient or Outpatient Clinics. Patients with any mental or physical disease except for anxiety disorders were excluded. Accordingly, 50 patients with anxiety disorder were included in the study and these were distributed as panic disorder in 14 patients, generalized anxiety disorder in 10 patients, agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder in four patients, post-traumatic stress disorder in one patient and not otherwise specified anxiety disorder in 18 patients. As the healthy control group 103 volunteers without any mental or physical disease were included. Beside Panic Disorder Scale the most widely used self-rated scale, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. In reliability analysis internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis; in validity analyses factor analysis and correlation analysis with the Spearman Correlation Analysis (SCA) was performed for validation. Results: The mean age of the study group was 29.0±11.8 years and 60.1% of the sample group (n=92) were female. 66.0% of the group were college graduates, 19.0% primary school graduates, 15.0% is also high school graduates. Disease duration of anxiety disorder group was 17.1±9.7 years. The internal consistency coefficient of the Panic Disorder Scale was 0.96 and, item-total correlation coefficients of the Panic Disorder Scale were between 0.68 and 0.88.In the exploratory factor analysis, for sample adequacy Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was calculated as 0.92 and Bartlett coefficient was 1.57. Single-factor solution was obtained and the eigenvalue was 7.38, explaining 73.8% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.73 and 0.91. Coefficient of correlation analysis with SCA was calculated as r=0.32. Conclusion: These findings have been shown that the Panic Disorder Scale is reliable and valid for Turkish. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Reliability and validity of Turkish version of DSM-5 depression scale; [DSM-5 depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Aşçibaşi K.; Aydemir Ö.; Balikçi K.; Akdeniz F.; Çöldür E.Ö.; Yüzeren S.; Alçi D.; Çökmüş F.P.; Öztekin S.; Aydin O.; Sarikavak T.; Herdem A.; Aydin Aşik E.; Köroğlu E.
    Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the reliability and validity of Turkish version of DSM-5 Depression Scale which was developed to measure the severity of depression. Methods: The study group included 50 in- or out-pa- tients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder according to DSM-5. Sixty-three healthy volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also recruited as a control group. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is the most widely used self-report scale, was used for concurrent validity. Internal consistency coefficient Cronbach alfa and item-total correlation analysis were performed for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used for validity, as BDI was used for concurrent validity. Results: Mean age was 39.2±11.3 and 22.4±5.8 years in the patient and control group, respectively. Sixty-one percent of the sample group (n=66) were female. 64.8% of the group were college graduates, 19% were primary school graduates and 18.5% were high school graduates. Disease duration for major depressive disorder was 3.3±5.6 years for the patient group. For the internal consistency Cronbach alfa coefficient of the DSM-5 Depression Scale was 0.91. Item-total correlation coefficients were between 0.60-0.83. For the exploratory factor analysis of sample adequacy of DSM-5 Depression Scale, Kaiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) coefficient and Bartlett coefficient was calculated as 0.91 and 608.18, respectively. Single-factor solution was obtained with an eigenvalue of 5.44, representing 60.4% of the variance. Factor loadings of the items were between 0.66-0.80. Correlation coefficient of DSM-5 Depression Scale with BDI was found as r=0.88. Conclusion: The Turkish version of DSM-5 Depression Scale is reliable and valid. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of perceived deficit questionnaire - depression and British Columbia cognitive complaints inventory; [Algılanan Bilişsel Kusur Anketi-Depresyon ve British Columbia Bilişsel Yakınmalar Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formlarının güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği]
    (Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2017) Aydemir Ö.; Çökmüş F.P.; Akdeniz F.; Sücüllüoğlu Dikici D.; Balikçi K.
    Objective: In major depressive disorder, both during acute episode and in remission neurocognitive symptoms endure, but are underrated. The aim of this study is to demonstrate reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D) and British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI) which are useful in the subjective assessment of neurocognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder. Methods: Turkish forms of the instruments are obtained after the translation and back-translation procedure. Thereafter, 50 in- or outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, and 150 healthy volunteers for con-ducting the factor analyses and 68 healthy age- and education-matched controls for performing the group comparisons were included in the study. Beside the study instruments, Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) used in the objective assessment of neurocognitive symptoms is applied. Results: The mean age of major depressive disorder group (n=50) was 37.5±11.4 and of healthy control group for the factor analyses was 23.4±5.5 and of that for the group comparisons was 35.4±9.9. Cronbach alpha coefficient of BC-CCI was 0.93 and item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.69-0.85. Cronbach alpha coefficient of PDQ-D was 0.96 and item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.52-0.91. In the factor analysis of both instru-ments, one factor solution was obtained. The correlation between BC-CCI and DSST was r=0.40, and for PDQ-D it was r=0.41. Both BC-CCI and PDQ-D significantly differentiated major depressive disorder group from healthy control groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Turkish forms of Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D) and British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI) are practical in the assessment of neurocognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder and can be used reliably and validly both in studies and in daily practice. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.