Browsing by Author "Aktas, K"

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    Structural investigation of the glandular trichomes of endemic Salvia smyrnea L.
    Baran, P; Aktas, K; Özdemir, C
    The morphology, anatomy and distribution of glandular trichomes on the aerial organs of Salvia smyrnea L. endemic to Turkey have been investigated with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This species is evaluated in endangered (EN) category. Two morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes were determined. Various types of capitate glandular trichomes consist of a 1-4 celled base, a 1-8 stalk celled or no stalk and a uni- or bicellular head. In capitate trichomes the neck cell that has an important role especially for xeromorfic plants, acting to prevent the backflow of secreted substance through the apoplast, has been distinctively observed in the investigated species. The capitate trichomes were present abundantly on all aerial organs of S. smyrnea. Peltate glandular trichomes had a large secretory head comprising 1-2 central and 4,6, 8-10 peripheral cells. This study pointed out that S. smyrnea was of rich glandular trichomes in point of diversity and quantity. (C) 2010 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    ANATOMICAL STUDIES IN SALVIA VIRIDIS L. (LAMIACEAE)
    Özdemir, C; Baran, P; Aktas, K
    Anatomical properties of two morphologically distinct forms (Form 1: with violet coma and Form II: without coma or with white, green or pink coma) of Salvia viridis L. have been studied. The analysis provided here studying the cross-sections of root, stem, leaf, petiole, bract, calyx and corolla comprises the first detailed description for the species. The results arc furnished with photographs and drawings. Although no anatomical differences were observed between the forms, S. viridis showed some differences from other Salvia species.
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    MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, PALYNOLOGY AND SEED MICROMORPHOLOGY OF VERBASCUM X SPLENDIDUM BOISS. (SCROPHULARIACEAE)
    Aktas, K
    Verbascum is the one of the taxonomically difficult genus in the Scrophulariaceae family. The genus represented by 243 species with addition of 129 hybrids. 193 of them are endemic in Turkey. Especially Verbascum x splendidum is located in Turkey and Greece. In the present study, morphological, anatomical, palynological and seed properties of Verbascum x splendidum was investigated. According to results, in the anatomical study, the xylem elements were occupied a considerable area in the cross-section of root. The upper part of the epidermis cells in the stem cross-section was covered a distinct cuticle layer. The main vein of the leaf was shaped as bicollateral vascular bundle. Idioblasts weren't observed in the epidermis of the leaves. The seeds were dark brown coloured and prismatic-oblong shaped and alveolate surfaced. The Size of seeds were determined as 0.5-0.6 x 0.3-0.4 mm. Hilum was short and orbicular. The seed coat ornamentation was reticulate-rugose, and the pollen shape of V. x splendidum was subprolate. The shape of aperture was tricolpate, sculpture was tectate, and exine ornamentation was reticulate. In conclusion, in this study we were determined comprehensive morphological, anatomical, palynological and seed micromorphological of V. x splendidum.
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    Nutlet morphology and its taxonomic utility in Salvia (Lamiaceae: Mentheae) from Turkey
    Özkan, M; Aktas, K; Özdemir, C; Guerin, G
    The nutlet (mericarp) morphology of 12 Salvia L. (Lamiaceae: sub-family Nepctoideae: tribe Mentheae: sub-tribe Salviinae) taxa from Turkey, including five endemic taxa, was examined using scanning electron microscopy: Salvia bracteata Banks et Sol., S. cadmica Boiss., S. blepharoclaena Hedge et Hub.-Mor., S. cryptantha Montbret et Aucher ex Bentham, S. aethiopis L, S. ceratophylla L., S. candidissima Vahl subsp. candidissima., S. cyanescens Boiss et Bal., S. virgata Jacq, S. halophila Hedge, S. verticillata L. subsp. verticillata, S. verticillata L. subsp amasiaca (Freyn et Bornm.) Bornm. The mericarps examined exhibited variation in size, shape, colour,and surface sculpturing. Mericarp size ranged between 1.6-3.5 mm length and 1.0-2.9 mm width. Observed shapes included spherical, trigonous-prolate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal. Mericarp Surface sculpturing revealed three distinct types: reticulate, foveate and verrucate. Our study supports further work across the genus.
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    Structural investigation of the glandular trichomes of Salvia argentea
    Baran, P; Özdemir, C; Aktas, K
    The morphology, anatomy and distribution of glandular trichomes on the aerial organs of Salvia argentea L. has been investigated. Two morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes were determined. Capitate glandular trichomes forming a base 1-7 celled, a stalk 1-5 celled or no stalk and a head uni- or bicellular had various types. In capitate trichomes, the neck cell that has an important role especially for xeroformic plants, acting to prevent the backflow of secreted substance through the apoplast has been distinctively observed in the investigated species. The capitate trichomes were present abundantly on all aerial organs of S. argentea. Peltate glandular trichomes had a large secretory head forming 1-5, 8 central and 8-10, 12, 14 peripheral cells. Peltate trichomes are present on all aerial organs, except petiole, being the most abundant on calyx and corolla. Results were shown by tables and photographs.
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    Comparative pollen morphology of Turkish species of Petrorhagia (Caryophyllaceae) and its systematic implications
    Aktas, K; Altan, Y; Özdemir, C; Baran, P; Garnatje, T
    Pollen morphology of 10 taxa from Turkey, four of them endemic, belonging to the genus Petrorhagia (Caryophyllaceae), P. alpina subsp. alpina, P. alpina subsp. olympica, P. cretica, P. dubia, P. hispidula, P. lycica, P. pamphylica, P. peroninii, P. prolifera and P. saxifraga, has been investigated using light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Pollen morphology differences among these taxa have been determined. The pollen type of investigated taxa is polyporate (12-22-porate), sphaeroidal, the exine exhibits a tectate structure and a microechinate ornamentation. Petrorhagia alpina subsp. alpina has the smallest pollen grain diameter (18.57 mu m) and P. dubia the largest one (37.80 mu m). The number of pores ranges from 12 (in P. dubia and P. saxifraga) to 22 (in P. alpina subsp. alpina and P. alpina subsp. olympica and P. hispidula) with a minimum pore diameter of 2.37 mu m in P. alpina subsp. alpina and a maximum pore diameter of 4.23 mu m in P. peroninii. The exine thickness ranges from 1.73 mu m in P. saxifraga to 3.78 mu m in P. pamphylica. In this study, the systematic implications are discussed in the light of palynological results.
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    MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THREE ALLIUM L. (LILIACEAE) SPECIES OF EAST ANATOLIA, TURKEY
    Özdemir, C; Aktas, K; Altan, Y
    Three East Anatolia species of Allium namely, A. karsianum Fomin. A. kunthianum Vved.. A. rupestre Steven are compared morphologically and anatomically. The results showed that all the species investigated can be distinguished by their morphological and anatomical characters.
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    MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, PALYNOLOGY AND SEED MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TURKISH ENDEMIC Verbascum exuberans HUB.-MOR. (SCROPHULARIACEAE)
    Aktas, K; Özdemir, C; Özdemir, B
    Verbascum L. is the largest genus of the family Scrophulariceae and includes several species am of medicinal importance. The high morphological diversity among the species of the genus Verbascum causes problems in the delimitation of the species. In this study, morphological, anatomical, palynological and seed properties of Verbascum exuberans were investigated. It is a local endemic restricted to the provinces of Manisa and Izmir in West Anatolia. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. The upper part of the epidermis cells in the stein cross-section is covered a distinct cuticle layer. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as bicollateral bundle. Idioblasts were not observed in the epidermis of the leaves of V exuberans. Seeds of V exuberans are dark brown and oblong to prismatic and alveolate. Hilum is short and orbicular. The seed coat ornamentation is reticulate-rugose. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate, tricolpate. Tectum is reticulate
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    A comparative study of antimicrobial activity using well and disk diffusion method on Asphodelus aestivus (Liliaceae)
    Oskay, M; Aktas, K; Sari, D; Azeri, C
    Plant parts were powdered, extracted in a Soxhlet extractor with n-butanol and ethanol (60-80 degrees C) for 12 h, filtered using Whatman filter paper no:4 and the filtrate was then evaporated at 70 degrees C. For determination of antimicrobial activity, different concentrations of crude extract tested against bacteria and yeasts by both well and disk diffusion method. Results showed that the A phodelus aestivus extract (Flower, fruits and whole plant) exhibited antimicrobial activity ranging from 2 to 15 mm. Extract obtained with ethanol was showed more inhibision. According to same concentrations of crude extract used with well diffusion method results were a bit higher than disc diffusion results. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined on susceptible microorganisms by macrobroth dilution method, and MIC values were shown from 36 to 90 mg/mL. Also some commercial antibiotics were used to determine sensitivity of the test microorganisms and comparison.
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    Chromosome numbers and genome size data on species of the genus Petrorhagia (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
    Aktas, K; Pellicer, J; Garnatje, T
    Genome size, i.e. the total amount of DNA in an unreplicated somatic nucleus is considered an important character in the biology of organisms, and it is especially relevant for land plants given the extraordinary diversity reported. Despite the continuous growth of data and the efforts aimed at increasing our understanding of plant genome size diversity, snore data are needed to have an evenly representation across lineages. With this premise in mind, in this work, we investigated genome size, complemented with chromosome data in eight species of the genus Petrorhagia (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. Chromosome counts made indicate that the species studied are diploid except for one species, P. saxifrage, which is probably a tetraploid, based on previously published estimations of nuclear DNA contents. The presence of both basic chromosome numbers x 15 and x 13 is confirmed, the latter being restricted to the species P. hispidula and P. cretica. The counts carried out for the Turkish endemic species, in P. hispidula (2n = 26), P. pamphylica (2n 30) and P. peroninii (2n 30) represent novel data for the genus. Nuclear DNA contents ranged from 1.24 to 2.32 pg/2C (varying 1.87-fold). Based on available data, genome expansions in the genus seem to have occurred through different evolutionary mechanisms, such as polyploidy and differential repetitive DNA activation, evidencing contrasting genomic trajectories between closely related taxa.
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    POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SOME TURKISH Salvia L. (LAMIACEAE: MENTHEAE) SPECIES
    Aktas, K; Özdemir, C; Özkan, M; Baran, P
    In this presented work. the pollen morphologies of twenty-one taxa. nine of them endemic from Turkey, belonging to the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae: subfamily Nepetoideae: tribe Mentheae: sub-tribe Salviinae), S aethiopis L., S argentea L., S. aytachii Vural & Adiguzel, S. blepharochlaena Hedge & Hub.-Mor., S. cadmica Boiss., S. ceratophylla L., S cryptantha Montbret & Aucher, S. frigida Boiss., S. fructicosa Miller, S. halophile Hedge, S. napifolia Jacq., S. microstegia Boiss. & Bal., S. recognita Fisch. & Mey. S sclarea L., S smyrnaea Boiss. S suffruticosa Montbret & Aucher, S. tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss., S. tometosa Bertol, S. verbenaca L., S viridis L., and S wiedemanni Boiss. and collected throughout the Turkey, have been intensively studied by using light (LM) and a scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pollen morphologies of twenty-one taxa of Turkish Salvia (nine of which are endemic) and to present similar and different characteristics of the taxa. The investigated whole pollen grains had a structure of both isopolar and radial symmetry. Overall, types of aperture were mostly hexacolpate, but it was also determined that the aperture type of S. viridis was both hexacolpate and octacolpate. The pollen grains had characteristic shapes of spheroidal, suboblate, prolate and subprolate. The exine ornamentation was bireticulate and reticulate-perforate. It was determined by the results of palynological studies that pollen morphology changed amongst these studied taxa. As a conclusion, the results of the present study show that palynological characters such as pollen shape, polar axis length (P), equatorial axis length (E). aperture numbers and types and exine ornamentation, exhibit remarkable differences amongst the studied taxa.
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    Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Salvia tchihatcheffii endemic to Turkey
    Aktas, K; Özdemir, C; Özkan, M; Akyol, Y; Baran, P
    In this study, the morphological and anatomical properties of Salvia tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss. (Lamiaceae) which is endemic to Turkey was investigated. S. tchihatcheffii has a perennial taproot. In contrast to the other Salvia species that was investigated before the plant has two different stem as fertile and sterile stem with round in shape. Sterile stem is prostrate, leafy, fertile stem is procumbent-ascending, unbranched. The stamen type of the plant is A. We observed that in cross-section sterile stem three different cortex layer, with one of them is formed as crescent shape. In addition, the glandular hairs of the investigated species are classified. Other anatomical features are discussed too. The results are presented with photographs, drawings and tables.