Browsing by Author "Alçiçek, A"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effects of administering an essential oil mixture and an organic acid blend separately and combined to diets on broiler performance
    (EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO) Bozkurt, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Çatli, AU; Çinar, M; Çabuk, M; Alçiçek, A
    This study compares the performance-enhancing effects of adding an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), a commercial organic acid blend (OAB), a commercial, herbal, essential oil mixture (EOM) and an OAB - EOM combination to feeding regimens of broiler chicks. The corn and soybean-based basal diet was supplemented with three doses of one of the following additives: AGP (Avilamycin, 10 mg/kg diet), OAB (0.9, 1.8, 2.7 g/kg diet, respectively), EOM (12, 24, 36 mg/kg diet, respectively) and OAB - EOM combination. Diets were fed as mash to 3,300 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross-308) that were randomly assigned to 11 groups, each with six identical subgroups. Birds were studied until they were 42 days old. At 21 and 42 days of age, the body weights of broilers in all treatment groups were significantly heavier than the body weights (BWs) of broilers in the control group (P < 0.01). A similar disparity in body weight gain (BWG) was observed between 22 and 42 days (P < 0.05). The OAB, EOM and OAB - EOM supplements promoted significantly growth when incorporated into the diets of broiler starters and growers, even at low levels. Likewise, broilers that received the diet supplemented with AGP exhibited a much better growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than broilers that received the unsupplemented control diet (P < 0.05). Amongst the treatment groups, there were significant differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR) between 0 to 21, 22 to 42 and 0 to 42 day periods (P < 0.05). Throughout the experimental period, dietary supplementation with AGP, EOM and the OAB EOM mixture significantly improved FCR, compared to the control treatment. The experimental treatments had no significant effect on the feed intake or mortality of broilers during the 42-day experimental period (P>0.05). Gradually increasing the doses of OAB, EOM and the OAB - EOM mixture led to insignificant improvements in broiler performance, compared with their lower supplementation rates. In conclusion, introducing EOM into the diets of broiler diets either alone or in combination with OAB significantly improved body weight and feed efficiency of broilers without affecting mortality. Similar results were observed with AGP. Our results raise the prospect of replacing AGP with novel alternatives, such as OABs and EOMs.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The effect of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance
    (SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES) Alçiçek, A; Bozkurt, M; Çabuk, M
    One thousand two hundred and fifty sexed day-old broiler chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery were divided randomly into five treatment groups (negative control, antibiotic and essential oil combination (EOC) at three levels) of 250 birds each. Each treatment group was further sub-divided into five replicates of 50 birds (25 male and 25 female) per replicate. The oil in the EOC was extracted from different herbs growing in Turkey. The EOC at 24, 48 or 72 mg/kg diet and an antibiotic at 10 mg avilamycin/kg diet were added to the basal diet. There were significant effects of dietary treatments on body weight, feed intake (except at day 42), feed conversion ratio and carcass yield at 21 and 42 days. Body weights were significantly different between the treatments. The birds fed the diet containing 48 mg essential oil/kg were the highest, followed by those receiving the diets containing 72 mg essential oil/kg, the antibiotic, the negative control and the 24 mg essential oil/kg at day 42, respectively. From I to 21 and I to 42 days of age, feed conversion ratios were improved significantly by the supplementation with 48 and 72 mg essential oil/kg diet. The feed intakes were significantly different between the treatments at 21 days, but not at 42, days. Supplementation in excess of 48 mg EOC/kg had no additional beneficial effect on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield. The EOC, a feed additive of natural origin, may be considered as a potential growth promoter in broiler production.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of Dietary Fat Type on Broiler Breeder Performance and Hatching Egg Characteristics
    (POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC) Bozkurt, M; Çabuk, M; Alçiçek, A
    The effect of dietary fat type oil broiler breeder performance was evaluated in the experiment. Three different fat Sources (sunflower Oil, fish oil, tallow) were supplemented into a corn-soybean meal-based broiler breeder diet. The control diet included no supplemental fat. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feeding, of experimental diets was initiated when breeders (Ross 508) were 22 wk old. Body weights of hens and males were not affected by dietary treatments during the experimental period. Tallow Supplementation to breeder diet significantly decreased lien-day egg production and cumulative settable egg yield (P < 0.01) when compared with other treatments. Hens fed with tallow and sunflower oil-added diets produced significantly heavier settable eggs than control and fish oil treatments. However, settable egg weight of hens fed with fish oil was lower than other dietary treatments (P < 0.01). Egg yolk weight, albumen weight, and eggshell weight were not affected by dietary treatments. These data suggest that supplementation of different fat sources at a level of 1.5% to the corn-soybean meal diet may affect egg production performance, fertility, egg weight, chick weight, hatch of eggs set, and specific gravity Without any adverse effects oil body weight and settable egg characteristics.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Long-term effects of dietary supplementation with an essential oil mixture on the growth and laying performance of two layer strains
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD) Bozkurt, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Pamukçu, M; Çabuk, M; Alçiçek, A; Çatli, AU
    One thousand two hundred 1-day-old Lohmann LSL white and Lohmann Brown layer chickens were fed diets supplemented with either an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) or an herbal essential oil mixture (EOM) till 58 wk of age to reveal the long-term effects of those additives on growth, performance and wholesome egg quality parameters. The study was arranged in a 2x3 factorial design with two layer strains and three feed additive regimens. Thus, the layer birds of both strains were randomly assigned to the three dietary treatments, i.e., standard basal diet (control), control with AGP (specifically, avilamycin, 10 mg/kg diet) and control with EOM (24 mg/kg diet). The data regarding egg production were recorded between 22 to 58 weeks of age. Neither the dietary treatments nor the bird strain influenced the body weight and mortality of the birds in both the growing and laying period. AGP or EOM supplementation to the laying hen diet significantly increased the egg production rate and egg weight as compared to the control diet alone, but egg mass output, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the dietary treatments. Neither dietary treatment created any statistically significantly differences in egg quality parameters. The research findings have confirmed the beneficial effects of supplementation with feed-grade EOM on the laying rate and egg weight of both white and brown layers. Indeed, EOM, being a novel feed additive natural origin, proved to be as efficacious as AGP in promoting egg yield.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils, an organic acid or a probiotic on broiler performance
    (SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES) Alçiçek, A; Bozkurt, M; Çabuk, M
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary Supplementation with an essential oil mixture, a commercially available organic acid and a probiotic oil growth performance and carcass yield of broilers. One thousand two hundred and fifty sexed one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups of 250 birds each (negative control, organic acid, probiotic and essential oil mixture (EOM) at two levels). Each treatment group was further sub-divided into five replicates of 50 birds (25 male and 25 female) per replicate. The oil in the EOM was extracted from different herbs growing in Turkey. Ail organic acid at 2.5 g/kg diet, a probiotic at 1 g/kg diet and the EOM at 36 mg and 48 mg/kg diet were added to the basal diet of the birds. There were significant effects of dietary treatments oil body weight gain, feed intake, carcass yield and intestinal weight of the broiler at 42 days of age. At day 42, birds fed the diet containing 36 mg EOM/kg showed the highest body weight gain. This was followed by chicks on the diet containing 48 mg EOM/kg, the probiotic, the organic acid and the negative control, in descending order. The addition of the essential Oil Mixture to the diet improved the feed conversion ratio significantly as compared to the negative control and the organic acid treatment. The feed intakes at days 21 and 42 were significantly different between the treatments. The addition of 48 mg EOM/kg increased carcass yield significantly above the other treatments, while the addition of EOM and the organic acid reduced the intestinal weight significantly. It was Concluded that the Supplementation of the herbal essential Oil Mixture to broiler diet had beneficial effects oil body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of an herbal essential oil mixture on growth, laying traits, and egg hatching characteristics of broiler breeders
    (OXFORD UNIV PRESS) Bozkurt, M; Alçiçek, A; Çabuk, M; Küçükyilmaz, K; Çatli, AU
    The effects of supplementing a basal diet with 2 levels of an essential oil mixture and an antibiotic on the growth, laying traits, and egg hatching characteristics of broiler breeders were examined in this study. Nine hundred sixty female and 128 male breeders at an age of 1 d old were randomly allocated to 16 replicates (i.e., 4 replicates of 4 dietary treatments) in a floor pen trial. Two levels of an essential oil mixture (EOM; i.e., 24 and 48 mg of EOM/kg of diet) and an antibiotic (i.e., 10 mg of avilamycin/kg of diet) were added to the basal starter, grower, and laying diets from 0 to 45 wk of age. Daily feed allocations were adjusted to produce a target BW and egg production rate of the breeders throughout the experimental period. The BW of the males and females were determined at 12, 21, and 45 wk of age. Livability during the growing and laying period was not affected by the dietary treatments. The fertility and hatchability of total eggs set were positively affected by the supplementation of the EOM in the diet (P < 0.01). The hen-day egg production, hatching egg weight, settable egg ratio, hatching of fertile eggs, extra large egg rate, and proportion of chick weight to egg weight were not affected significantly. The higher level of EOM (48 mg/kg) added to the diet led to the hatching of the heaviest chickens; the lower level of EOM (24 mg/kg) and antibiotic treatments led to the hatching of the intermediate weight chickens, followed by the control treatment (P < 0.01). Hens given the lower level of EOM in their diets produced a higher number of settable eggs and chicks as compared with those of other treatments, whereas hens fed the control diet yielded the lowest total settable eggs and chicks throughout the experimental laying period (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that supplementing diets with EOM improved fertility, the hatchability of total eggs set, total settable eggs, total chicks, and the chick weight of broiler breeders.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of a herbal essential oil mixture on growth and internal organ weight of broilers from young and old breeder flocks
    (SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES) Çabuk, M; Bozkurt, M; Alçiçek, A; Akbas, Y; Küçükyilmaz, K
    The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a herbal essential oil mixture on the performance of broilers produced by a young (30 wk) or an old breeder (80 wk) flock. One thousand and eight unsexed day-old broiler chicks (Ross-308) originating from the two breeder flocks were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 336 birds each. Dietary treatments were: a control and two diets containing 24 mg/kg or 48 mg/kg of an essential oil mixture. There were no significant effects of dietary treatment on body weight of the broilers at 21 and 42 days. The effect of the age of the parents did not have a significant effect on body weight of the broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. Up to 21 days the feed intake of broilers from young breeders was reduced significantly as a result of the inclusion of the essential oil mixture in their diets, and a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio was recorded in these birds. Difference in regression coefficients for feed intake and feed conversion ratio between broilers from young and old breeder flocks was significant. Carcass yield and some internal organ weights such as the liver, pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine were not affected by the addition of the essential oil mixture to the diet. Inclusion of essential oil mixture to the diet decreased mortality significantly at 21 days.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in summer season
    (SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES) Çabukt, M; Bozkurt, M; Alçiçek, A; Çatli, AU; Baser, KHC
    The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements of either an essential oil mixture (EOM) or a mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) as alternatives to an antibiotic feed additive (avilamycin) for layers kept under hot summer conditions. Four hundred and eighty 54-week old Nick-Brown hens were assigned to four dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replications of 10 cages (three hens per cage). The treatment groups were: 1) Control: Basal diet without additive; 2) Basal diet plus antibiotic (10 mg avilamycin/kg feed); 3) Basal diet plus 1 g MOS/kg feed; 4) Basal diet plus 24 mg EOM/kg feed. Performance of laying hens was affected by dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation of EOM and MOS significantly increased egg production compared with control and antibiotic groups. There were no significant differences in feed consumption between treatments. The EOM significantly improved feed conversion ratio above that of the control group. Egg weights were significantly different between treatments. Laying hens consuming MOS produced significantly lower egg weights than the other groups, while egg weights in the EOM, antibiotic and control groups did not differ significantly. Cracked-broken egg rate was decreased by dietary addition of EOM, MOS and antibiotic compared with the control. Number of deaths among hens was significantly affected by dietary treatments with the number of deaths in the MOS treatment being significantly lower than in the other treatments. The performance of laying hens during the summer season could be maintained with inclusions of EOM and MOS in the diet.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The effect of dietary inclusion of meat and bone meal on the performance of laying hens at old age
    (SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES) Bozkurt, M; Alçiçek, A; Cabuk, M
    The effect of the inclusion of meat and bone meal (MBM) in the diet of old laying hens on their egg production and the quality of their eggs was investigated. Meat and bone meal containing a high concentration of ash and a low concentration of crude protein was included at levels of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0% in the diets and fed for 20 weeks. Forced moulted 84-week old laying hens (Brown-Nick) were divided randomly into four treatment groups of 120 hens each. The inclusion of 2.0% MBM to the layer diet increased hen-day egg production significantly, whereas inclusion in excess of 2.0% MBM had no additional beneficial effect on egg production. However, the inclusion of dietary MBM at all three levels depressed egg weight. There were no significant effects of dietary treatments on egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the hens. The specific gravity of the eggs from hens fed the control diet was significantly lower than from those receiving the diets containing 2.0 and 4.0% MBM. The Haugh Unit value of eggs in the 6.0% MBM treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. There were no significant effects of MBM inclusion on yolk colour score, yolk height, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight and eggshell strength. However, MBM inclusion in a diet had a significant beneficial effect on eggshell quality. The eggshell ratios of the 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0% MBM treatments were significantly higher than in the control diet, while the cracked/broken egg ratio was significantly lower. In conclusion, inclusion of MBM containing a high ash and low crude protein content to conventional maize-soya bean diet improved egg production performance of laying hens. The dicalcium phosphate level in the diet could also be reduced without any adverse effects on egg production and egg quality.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of Herbal Essential Oil mixture on Intestinal Mucosal Development, Growth Performance, and Weights of Internal Organs of Quails
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD) Çabuk, M; Eratak, S; Alçiçek, A; Tuglu, I
    The aim of this study was to examine the effects of herbal essential oil mixture on intestinal mucosal development, weights of the internal organs, carcass characteristics, and growth performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 276 quails that were 1 day old were studied. The quails were weighed and divided into 3 groups, each with 4 replicates, consisting of a control, antibiotic (avilamycin 10 mg/kg diet), and the essential oil mixture (EOM) at 48 mg/kg diet. Supplementation with EOM and antibiotic significantly increased goblet cell size and goblet cell number on day 38. Villi height, villi width, and crypt depth were not affected by any treatment. Quails receiving the diet containing EOM and antibiotic were significantly heavier than those fed the control diet on days 28 and 38. No significant effects of the dietary treatments on feed intake were observed. Moreover, addition of EOM and antibiotic to the quail diet resulted in a significantly better feed conversion ratio than that of the control on days 28 and 38. No differences were observed for carcass yield or liver, gizzard, and small intestine weights. Beneficial effects of the EOM were observed in goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa.