Browsing by Author "Al-Shawaf L."

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    Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022) Kowal M.; Sorokowski P.; Pisanski K.; Valentova J.V.; Varella M.A.C.; Frederick D.A.; Al-Shawaf L.; García F.E.; Giammusso I.; Gjoneska B.; Kozma L.; Otterbring T.; Papadatou-Pastou M.; Pfuhl G.; Stöckli S.; Studzinska A.; Toplu-Demirtaş E.; Touloumakos A.K.; Bakos B.E.; Batres C.; Bonneterre S.; Czamanski-Cohen J.; Dacanay J.C.; Deschrijver E.; Fisher M.L.; Grano C.; Grigoryev D.; Kačmár P.; Kozlov M.V.; Manunta E.; Massar K.; McFall J.P.; Mebarak M.; Miccoli M.R.; Milfont T.L.; Prokop P.; Aavik T.; Arriaga P.; Baiocco R.; Čeněk J.; Çetinkaya H.; Duyar I.; Guemaz F.; Ishii T.; Kamburidis J.A.; Khun-Inkeeree H.; Lidborg L.H.; Manor H.; Nussinson R.; Omar-Fauzee M.S.B.; Pazhoohi F.; Ponnet K.; Santos A.C.; Senyk O.; Spasovski O.; Vintila M.; Wang A.H.; Yoo G.; Zerhouni O.; Amin R.; Aquino S.; Boğa M.; Boussena M.; Can A.R.; Can S.; Castro R.; Chirumbolo A.; Çoker O.; Cornec C.; Dural S.; Eder S.J.; Moharrampour N.G.; Grassini S.; Hristova E.; Ikizer G.; Kervyn N.; Koyuncu M.; Kunisato Y.; Lins S.; Mandzyk T.; Mari S.; Mattiassi A.D.A.; Memisoglu-Sanli A.; Morelli M.; Novaes F.C.; Parise M.; Banai I.P.; Perun M.; Plohl N.; Sahli F.Z.; Šakan D.; Smojver-Azic S.; Solak Ç.; Söylemez S.; Toyama A.; Wlodarczyk A.; Yamada Y.; Abad-Villaverde B.; Afhami R.; Akello G.; Alami N.H.; Alma L.; Argyrides M.; Atamtürk D.; Burduli N.; Cardona S.; Carneiro J.; Castañeda A.; Chałatkiewicz I.; Chopik W.J.; Chubinidze D.; Conroy-Beam D.; Contreras-Garduño J.; da Silva D.R.; Don Y.B.; Donato S.; Dubrov D.; Duračková M.; Dutt S.; Ebimgbo S.O.; Estevan I.; Etchezahar E.; Fedor P.; Fekih-Romdhane F.; Frackowiak T.; Galasinska K.; Gargula Ł.; Gelbart B.; Yepes T.G.; Hamdaoui B.; Hromatko I.; Itibi S.N.; Jaforte L.; Janssen S.M.J.; Jovic M.; Kertechian K.S.; Khan F.; Kobylarek A.; Koso-Drljevic M.; Krasnodębska A.; Križanić V.; Landa-Blanco M.; Mailhos A.; Marot T.; Dorcic T.M.; Martinez-Banfi M.; Yusof M.R.; Mayorga-Lascano M.; Mikuličiūtė V.; Mišetić K.; Musil B.; Najmussaqib A.; Muthu K.N.; Natividade J.C.; Ndukaihe I.L.G.; Nyhus E.K.; Oberzaucher E.; Omar S.S.; Ostaszewski F.; Pacquing M.C.T.; Pagani A.F.; Park J.H.; Pirtskhalava E.; Reips U.-D.; Reyes M.E.S.; Röer J.P.; Şahin A.; Samekin A.; Sargautytė R.; Semenovskikh T.; Siepelmeyer H.; Singh S.; Sołtys A.; Sorokowska A.; Soto-López R.; Sultanova L.; Tamayo-Agudelo W.; Tan C.-S.; Topanova G.T.; Bulut M.T.; Trémolière B.; Tulyakul S.; Türkan B.N.; Urbanek A.; Volkodav T.; Walter K.V.; Yaakob M.F.M.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.
    People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives. © 2022 The Authors
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    A preliminary study on the role of personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases on self-reported health across countries
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Pfuhl G.; Prazeres F.; Kowal M.; Aavik T.; Abad-Villaverde B.; Afhami R.; Aguilar L.; Akello G.; Al-Shawaf L.; Antfolk J.; Atama C.S.; Duyar D.A.; Baiocco R.; Balım S.; Batres C.; Belkacem Y.; Besson T.; Bode A.; Boğa M.; Boudesseul J.; Boussena M.; Brahim H.; Burduli N.; Can A.R.; Cetinkaya H.; Chirumbolo A.; Chubinidze D.; Cornec C.; Dinić B.M.; Dural S.; Duyar I.; Ebimgbo S.O.; Etchezahar E.; Fedor P.; Frackowiak T.; Frederick D.A.; Galasinska K.; García F.E.; Yepes T.G.; Grigoryev D.; Guemaz F.; Hromatko I.; Ikizer G.; Janssen S.M.J.; Kamburidis J.A.; Kavčič T.; Kervyn N.; Khan F.; Kobylarek A.; Koyuncu M.; Kunisato Y.; Lacko D.; Landa-Blanco M.; Lidborg L.H.; Lins S.; Mandzyk T.; Mari S.; Marot T.A.; Martinez-Banfi M.; Mattiassi A.D.A.; Mayorga-Lascano M.; Mebarak M.; Meskó N.; Miccoli M.R.; Mikuličiūtė V.; Milfont T.L.; Mišetić K.; Morelli M.; Natividade J.C.; Ndukaihe I.L.G.; Novaes F.; Omar S.S.; Fauzee M.S.O.; Otterbring T.; Özener B.; Ozer S.; Park J.H.; Banai I.P.; Pazhoohi F.; Perun M.; Pírko M.; Pirtskhalava E.; Pisanski K.; Plohl N.; Ponnet K.; Prokop P.; Ribeiro M.F.F.; Rosário F.; Şahin A.; Sahli F.Z.; Šakan D.; Senyk O.; Siepelmeyer H.; Ribeiro da Silva D.; Singh S.; Solak Ç.; Söylemez S.; Studzinska A.; Tan C.-S.; Topanova G.T.; Bulut M.T.; Toplu-Demirtaş E.; Trémolière B.; Tulyakul S.; Ungaretti J.; Valentova J.V.; Varella M.A.C.; Vintila M.; Volkodav T.; Wlodarczyk A.; Yeh Y.-Y.; Yoo G.; Zerhouni O.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.; Zupančič M.; Sorokowski P.
    Objectives: Infectious diseases are often associated with decline in quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between personal history of communicable, i.e., infectious and parasitic diseases and self-rated health. Study design: Secondary analysis of a large dataset multi-country observational study. Methods: We used a four-pronged analysis approach to investigate whether personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases is related to self-reported health, measured with a single item. Results: Three of the four analyses found a small positive effect on self-reported health among those reporting a history of pathogen exposure. The meta-analysis found no support but large heterogeneity that was not reduced by two classifications of countries. Conclusion: Personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases does not reduce self-reported health across a global sample. © 2025 The Authors