Browsing by Author "Alver, A"

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    Oleuropein Has Modulatory Effects on Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Male Rats
    Sahin, S; Sahin, E; Esenülkü, G; Renda, G; Gürgen, SG; Alver, A; Abidin, I; Cansu, A
    Background: Neuroin fl ammation induced by systemic in fl ammation is a risk factor for developing chronic neurologic disorders. Oleuropein (OLE) has antioxidant and anti-in fl ammatory properties; however, its effect on systemic in fl ammation-related neuroin fl ammation is unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether OLE protects against systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroin fl ammation in rats. Methods: Six-wk-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 5 groups: 1 ) control, 2 ) OLE-only, 3 ) LPS & thorn; vehicle, 4 ) OLE & thorn; LPS (O-LPS), and 5 ) a single-dose OLE & thorn; LPS (SO-LPS group). OLE 200 mg/kg or saline as a vehicle was administered via gavage for 7 d. On the seventh day, 2.5 mg/kg LPS was intraperitoneally administered. The rats were decapitated after 24 h of LPS treatment, and serum collection and tissue dissection were performed. The study assessed astrocyte and microglial activation using glial fi brillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b immunohistochemistry, nod -like receptor protein -3, interleukin (IL)-1 beta , IL -17A, and IL -4 concentrations in prefrontal and hippocampal tissues via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total antioxidant/oxidant status (TAS/TOS) in serum and tissues via spectrophotometry. Results: In both the O-LPS and SO-LPS groups, LPS-related activation of microglia and astrocytes was suppressed in the cortex and hippocampus ( P < 0.001), excluding cortical astrocyte activation, which was suppressed only in the SO-LPS group ( P < 0.001). Hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL -17A concentrations in the dentate gyrus were higher in the OLE group than those in the control group, but LPS-related increases in these concentrations were suppressed in the O-LPS group. The O-LPS group had higher cortical TAS and IL -4 concentrations. Conclusions: OLE suppressed LPS-related astrocyte and microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex. The OLE-induced increase in cortical IL -4 concentrations indicates the induction of an anti-in fl ammatory phenotype of microglia. OLE may also modulate astrocyte and IL -17A functions, which could explain its opposing effects on hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL -17A concentrations when administered with or without LPS.
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    Effects of treatment with clinically relevant valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, lamotrigine and levetiracetam on ovarian folliculogenesis in young rats
    Cansu, A; Gurgen, SG; Demirhan, YN; Kart, PO; Yildirim, M; Alver, A; Yenilmez, E; Sonmez, FM
    Aim: To determine the effects of valproate (VPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC), topiramate (TPM), lamotrigine (LTG), and levetiracetam (LEV) on ovarian folliculogenesis in young rats. Methods: Forty-nine female Wistar rats, aged 21-24 days, were divided equally into 7 experimental groups. These were given tap water over 21-24 days (control group), 300 mg/kg of VPA, 150 mg/kg of CBZ, 150 mg/kg of OXC, 100 mg/kg of TPM, 10 mg/kg of LTG, or 50 mg/kg of LEV daily in 2 doses via oral gavage until the end of puberty. At the end of the study, the estrous cycle of each rat was monitored daily, and those rats in pro-estrus or di-estrus were sacrificed and the ovaries removed. Serial sections obtained from the ovaries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the corpora lutea and follicles were enumerated. Apoptotic cells were detected using the TUNEL technique. Various serial sections were immunohistochemically stained with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9, caspase-3, caspase-9, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and evaluated and photographed under a light microscope. Key Findings: The number of corpora lutea was significantly increased in the VPA, CBZ, OXC, and LTG groups compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The number of TUNEL-positive ovarian follicles was 3.3 +/- 1.1 (median, 3), 6.1 +/- 0.9 (median, 6), and 5.7 +/- 0.8 (median,6) in the control, OXC and LEV groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The number of TUNEL-positive granulosa cells was higher in all the groups treated with antiepileptics, with the exception of the TPM group, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). HSCOREs for immunohistochemical staining using PCNA, GDF-9, TGF-1 and EGF were significantly higher in the control group than in the others (p < 0.001). HSCORE for staining using caspase-3 was significantly higher in the VPA, CBZ, OXC and LEV groups, while the HSCORE was significantly lower in the TPM group than in the control group. HSCORE for staining using caspase-9 was significantly higher in the VPA, CBZ and OXC groups, while it was significantly lower in the TPM group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Significance: Exposure to VPA, CBZ, OXC, TPM, LTG and LEV caused different levels of impaired folliculogenesis in young rats.