Browsing by Author "Ari, Z"

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    Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on matrix molecules and angiogenetic and anti-angiogenetic factors in gastric cancer cells cultured on different substrates
    Kosova, F; Kurt, FO; Olmez, E; Tuglu, I; Ari, Z
    Migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis associated with cancer depend on the surrounding microenvironment. Angiogenesis, the growth of new capillaries, is a regulator of cancer growth and a useful target for cancer therapy. We examined matrix protein interactions in a gastric cancer cell culture that was treated with different doses of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) phenethyl ester (CAPE). We also investigated the relations among the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), endostatin (ES) and trombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Cytotoxity of CAPE was measured using the 3-(4,5-dmethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We examined the behavior of cells on laminin and collagen I coated surfaces in response to the angiogenic effect of these matrix molecules. We examined the protein alterations of these matrix molecules immunohistochemically and measured the levels of VEGF, MMP-9, ES and TSP-1 using the ELISA test. We showed that application of CAPE to the gastric cancer cell line on tissue culture plastic, laminin and collagen I significantly decreased the VEGF and MMP-9 protein levels. We found that TSP-1 levels were increased significantly in the gastric cancer cells after application of CAPE. The protein levels of gastric cancer cells also were increased significantly when tissue was cultured on laminin and collagen I. Application of CAPE to cells on laminin or collagen I coated surfaces significantly increased all of the proteins except ES. ES levels were increased on the collagen I covered surfaces, but the laminin surface decreased the levels of ES significantly. We demonstrated the beneficial effect of CAPE on a gastric cancer cell line including inhibition of proliferation and induction of some proteins that might be related to decreased angiogenesis.
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    The changes of serum copper levels during thyroid cancer
    Kosova, F; Cetin, B; Akin, M; Aslan, S; Ari, Z; Cetin, A
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    The acute effect of orlistat on endothelial function in young obese women
    Sekuri, C; Tavli, T; Avsar, A; Sozcuer, H; Uyanik, BS; Ari, Z
    Recent studies indicate that abdominal fat accumulation is related to impaired endothelial function in young healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor on brachial flow-mediated vasodilatation and hemodynamic parameters in young obese women. The study population was composed of 42 female obese patients (mean age 29 +/- 4 years, age range between 18 and 34 years). Flow-mediated endothelial-dependent vasodilatation was assessed in the brachial artery in response to reactive hyperemia using high-resolution ultrasound. Brachial artery diameter (3.46 +/- 0.72 mm to 3.82 +/- 0.84 mm) and flow-mediated vasodilation (7.6 +/- 0.8% to 9.8 +/- 1.6%) changed significantly after 12 weeks of therapy (p < 0.001). Brachial artery flow was not changed (124 +/- 92 ml/min to 148 +/- 14 ml/min, p > 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that orlistat improved endothelial function, weight, body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young women.
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    Familial pathologic myopia, corneal dystrophy, and deafness
    Kurt, E; Günen, A; Sadikoglu, Y; Ozturk, F; Tarhan, S; Sari, RA; Fistik, T; Ari, Z
    Background: Numerous syndromes with myopia and hearing loss have been described up to now. We present a family with pathologic myopia, corneal dystrophy, and deafness distinct from these syndromes. Cases: Ten patients in the same Turkish family were evaluated by ophthalmologic, audiologic, physical, radiologic, genetic, serologic, and biochemical examinations. Observations: Ophthalmic examination indicated that all the cases had myopia, 7 of them had pathologic myopia, 1 had intermediate, and 2 had mild. Four of the patients with pathologic myopia had corneal dystrophy that was bilaterally manifest as white opacities in the posterior stroma near Descemet's membrane in an axial distribution; 1 of these 4 patients also had a tilted disc. Otolaryngologic examination revealed conductive hearing loss in 3 cases, mixed hearing loss in 2. and sensorineural hearing loss in 1. The results of karyotypic analyses of all cases were normal. The pedigree analysis showed the disease was inherited through successive generations as an autosomal dominant trait. The results of biochemical, serologic, and radiologic investigations were normal. The same pathophysiologic process in all cases seemed to account for the myopia, the corneal dystrophy and the deafness. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this type of case has not been reported in the literature. Therefore, we named this syndrome familial pathologic myopia, corneal dystrophy and deafness. (C) 2001 Japanese Ophthalmological Society.
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    The Relationship between Serum Neuropeptide FFR2, Serum Smoothelin and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Gestational Hypertension
    Tas, S; Sarsmaz, K; Sarsmaz, HY; Gürgen, SG; Tas, U; Eyüboglu, M; Ari, Z
    Objective: Gestational hypetension is a major public health concern due to its links with cardiovascular disease, stroke and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and effective management of gestational hypertension are essential for both maternal and neonatal health. Neuropeptide FF Receptor 2 (NPFFR2) is a protein secreted by the brain and placenta, involved in pain regulation, water balance, and the modulation of cardiovascular effects. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of NPFFR2, smoothelin (SMTH), echocardiographic results and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with and without gestational hypertension. Method: This study included 78 pregnant participants, which were grouped into women with gestational hypertension (n = 39) and those without gestational hypetension (n = 39). The gestational hypertension population was classified into two groups, i.e., dipper and non-dipper groups, based on the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results. Smoothelin and NPFFR2 analyses were performed using the blood samples and placental tissue samples collected from all participants, along with echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: The study group comprised 78 pregnant women with a mean age of 28.8 years and mean gestational age of 27.7 weeks. The gestational hypertension group had a significantly higher NPFFR2 levels, lower SMTH levels and gestational age at birth and higher all 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring findings. The left atrial-to-aortic ratio and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were significantly higher in G & Idot;H group than in the control group. NPFFR2 and gestational age at birth were found to be independently associated with neonatal intensive care unit admission. Conclusion: Serum NPFFR2 levels were increased in women with gestational hypertension, SMTH levels were decreased, and pregnancy prognosis was found to be associated with NPFFR2 levels.
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    Apoptosis of colon cancer cells under the effect of geldanamycin derivate
    Kosova, F; Kasar, Z; Tuglu, I; Kurt, FO; Gok, S; Ari, Z; Imren, T
    AIM: The apoptotic effect of geldanamycin derivative may be important for the colorectal cancer therapy. The mechanisms of apoptosis require understanding of the behavior of colon cancer cell line Colo-205 which mimics colon adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the effect of IC50 dose of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) on the colon cancer cells in vitro was studied for its anti-apoptotic activity. METHOD: Apoptotic ratio of the Colo-205 cells was determined after 17-AAG application with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and apoptosis related genes. Apoptosis signal path related key mitochondria! proteins, cytochrome c, bcl-2, caspase 9 and Apaf-1 expression were examined with RT-PCR method. RESULTS: 17-AAG caused induction of cell death. Apoptotic related genes such as cytochrome-c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9 protein expressions were increased significantly (p < 0.05) and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression was decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that the application of 17-AAG on Colo-205 cells showed anticancer effect by the apoptosis due to alteration of apoptotic genes. CONCLUSION: The apoptotic effect of 17-AAG as an natural product for alternative medicine would be very important for the success and quality of life during the treatment of colon carcinoma with the combination of anticancer drugs (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 32). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
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    Increased serum leptin concentrations in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and ST-elevated myocardial infarction
    Taneli, F; Yegane, S; Ulman, C; Tikiz, H; Bilge, AR; Ari, Z; Uyanik, BS
    Leptin is an adipocytokine that is produced mainly by adipose tissue; it is also identified in atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary atherosclerosis. However, the relation of serum leptin concentrations to ischemic heart disease (IHD) is still obscure. The aims of the present study were to investigate serum leptin concentrations in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and with chronic stable angina pectoris (CSAP) and to evaluate the possible correlations of leptin to other atherosclerotic risk factors; including serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), serum homocysteine, and fibrinogen concentrations. For this purpose, 35 patients with CSAP, 40 with acute STEMI, and 30 control subjects with normal findings from coronary angiography were taken into the study prospectively. Serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CSAP and STEMI compared to the control group (7.74 +/- 1.34 vs 6.37 +/- 1.85 ng/mL, p=0.021 and 8.22 +/- 3.13 vs 6.37 1.85 ng/mL, p=0.023, respectively). In addition, serum homocysteine concentrations were significantly increased in patients with CSAP (15.23 +/- 5.96 vs 11.40 +/- 2.11 mu mol/L, p=0.025) and patients with STEMI (15.90 +/- 5.02 vs 11.40 +/- 2.11 mu mol/L, p=0.012) compared to the control group. Serum fibrinogen concentrations were significantly increased only in the CSAP group as compared to controls (4.15 +/- 1.39 vs 3.45 +/- 1.19 g/L, p = 0.025). No significant correlation was found between leptin levels and selected risk factors. In conclusion, serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in both the CSAP and STEMI groups. However, owing to the lack of correlation between the leptin levels and selected classical coronary risk factors, it may be considered that leptin can be evaluated as one of the independent risk factors for IHD. Further randomized and controlled studies will be required to determine the pathophysiological meaning of the increased leptin levels and the central role between adipocyte function and atherosclerosis.
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    Comparison of Glucose Values of Blood Samples Taken in Three Different Ways
    Midilli, TS; Ergin, E; Baysal, E; Ari, Z
    The purpose of the study was to determine differences and correlations between the blood glucose values of venous blood and the first and second drops of capillary blood samples taken in three different ways. Blood samples were (a) venous blood, (b) the first and second drops of capillary blood from the middle finger of the right hand (only washed with soap and water), and (c) the first and second drops of capillary blood from the middle finger of the left hand (washed with soap and water and cleaned with alcohol). It was concluded that the fasting capillary blood glucose values could be used in place of venous blood glucose values, that only washing the hands with neutral soap and water for 30 s could be sufficient for capillary blood glucose measurement, and that the first or second blood drop from a clean hand could be used for capillary blood glucose measurement.
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    Relationship between serum lipoprotein (a) levels and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    Kurt, E; Öztürk, F; Ari, Z; Yigitoglu, MR; Sari, RA; Ilker, SS
    We studied whether there was an association between development of background or proliferative retinopathy and changes in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and lipoprotein (a) levels in 111 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 57 controls. Serum lipoprotein (a) levels were higher in patients with retinopathy than in individuals without retinopathy. Increased serum lipoprotein (a) levels correlated with higher degrees of retinopathy. Thus, lipoprotein (a) may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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    Advanced oxidation protein products, ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange, and malondialdehyde levels in thyroid cancer
    Kosova, F; Çetin, B; Akinci, M; Aslan, S; Ari, Z; Sepici, A; Altan, N; Çetin, A
    Aims and Background: The oxidation of protein plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of an important number of degenerative and cancer diseases, which is now widely recognized. The aim is to examine advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA), and ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange (FOX) in blood samples of papillary thyroid cancer patients compared with healthy controls to determine the oxidation status and the change after thyroidectomy. Methods: Thirty-five female thyroid cancer patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and 39 female control subjects were included into this study. Prethyroidectomy and postthyroidectomy, AOPP, FOX, and MDA levels were studied. Results: Prethyroidectomy AOPP, FOX, and MDA levels were significantly higher compared to control (P < .05). In postthyroidectomy AOPP, FOX, and MDA levels were significantly decreased compared with prethyroidectomy levels (P < .05). However, postthyroidectomy levels on the 20th day were still significantly higher, compared to control subjects (P < .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, all of AOPP, FOX, and MDA levels that are markers of protein oxidation and lipid hyperoxidation may induce thyroid cancer development and begin to decrease after thyroidectomy.
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    The Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate on Oxidant Status, Copper and Zinc Levels in Hind Leg Muscle of the Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet
    Ari, Z; Ulman, C; Taneli, F; Isbilen, B; Uyanik, BS; Aldirmaz, H; Çelik, HT; Günay, Ö
    Obesity can be induced by a high fat diet. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreases body fat mass and have an antiatherogenic effect. The objective of our study was to investigate the high fat diet changes and the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on the antioxidant status, zinc and copper levels in the rat hind leg muscle tissue. Thirty-seven female rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 ( control, n=11) were fed with standard rat chow, Group 2, 3 and 4 with high fat diet (65%) for five months. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was administered as 1 mg/kg for group 3 (n=9) and as 10 mg/kg for group 4 (n=8) daily for seven days. The same amount of saline was injected to group 1 and 2 (n=9). After decapitation, right hind leg of the rat was collected and kept frozen. Muscle tissues were used for the determination of nitrotyrosine, myeloperoxidase activity, copper and zinc levels. As a conclusion, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate significantly decreases the oxidant status parameters, tissue nitrotyrosine levels and myeloperoxiase activity in the rat hind leg muscle tissue on high fat diet, but did not have any effect on copper and zinc tissue levels. We believe that, further research is needed for investigation of the positive effects of DHEA-S on muscle metabolism.
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    Leptin Levels in Thyroid Cancer
    Akinci, M; Kosova, F; Cetin, B; Aslan, S; Ari, Z; Cetin, A
    BACKGROUND: Leptin has physiological roles in multiple systems, and has possible effects on several carcinogenesis steps. The aim of this study was to investigate the leptin levels in thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) patients. METHODS: Forty-three female TPC patients and 30 healthy female control subjects were recruited for the Study. TPC was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. TPC patients had a bilateral total thyroidectomy operation and their leptin levels were measured before and 20 days after the operation. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels of TPC patients.vere higher than in control group Subjects (21.15 +/- 14.12 ng/mL vs. 9.89 +/- 0.21 ng/mL, p < 0.05). The leptin levels decreased after total thyroidectomy (13.92 +/- 10.55 ng/mL) compared to prethyroidectomy levels (22.94 +/- 14.67 ng/mL) in 34 patients who came to the Follow-up visit (p < 0.05). However, the decreased post-thyroidectomy levels of leptin were still statistically significantly higher than the control group levels. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the leptin levels in TPC patients were not related to age, menopausal status or pathologic occult status but were directly related to the cancer group. CONCLUSION: Leptin levels were elevated in thyroid cancer, decreased after total thyroidectomy, and might be associated with thyroid papillary carcinogenesis. [Asian J Surg 2009;32(4):216-23]
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    Serum copper levels in benign and malignant thyroid diseases
    Kosova, F; Cetin, B; Akinci, M; Aslan, S; Seki, A; Pirhan, Y; Ari, Z
    Objective: To examine the changes in serum copper (Cu) levels in benign and malignant thyroid disease in humans. Background: Thyroid hormones influence the metabolism of trace elements including copper. Methods: 47 papillary thyroid cancer and 43 benign multinodular goitre patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and 37 healthy control subjects were included into this study. All of the patients and controls were females. Serum Cu levels were detected with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: In the papillary thyroid cancer group serum level of Cu was 131.61 +/- 33.9 mu g/dL before surgery and 120.81 +/- 30.4 mu g/dL after 20 days from surgery. In the benign group serum Cu level was 84.75 +/- 12.1 mu g/dL and 68.01 +/- 9.4 mu g/dL postoperatively. These results were compared to healthy control's value of 105.87 +/- 10.68 mu g/dL. In the papillary thyroid cancer group pre- and postoperative serum Cu level was significantly higher when compared to control group (p<0.05). Postoperative serum Cu level significantly decreased when compared to pre-operative level(p<0.05), in which, it was still higher than the control(p<0.05). In the benign group pre- and postoperative serum Cu level was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05).Postoperative serum Cu level significantly decreased when compared to pre-operative level in the benign group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This is a pioneer study to examine serum Cu level in benign and malignant thyroid patients compared to controls. In our small groups serum Cu levels increased in malignant thyroid patients and decreased in the benign group (Tab. 1, Ref. 18). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
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    The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) on mitotic index and chromosomes in rats
    Cakmak, EA; Solak, M; Demircan, K; Ari, Z; Suzek, H; Yigitoglu, MR
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    Should children with infection be tested for lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein?
    Iscan, A; Yigitoglu, R; Onag, A; Vurgun, N; Ari, Z; Ertan, P; Sengil, AZ
    The lipid profile is known to alter in patients with infection, but there has not been a study of the apolipoprotein levels in serum of otherwise healthy children during infection. Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins A-1 and B and lipoprotein (a) were evaluated prospectively in 31 consecutive children, aged 4-15 years, who were admitted to the hospital with bacterial pharyngitis. The degree of dyslipidemia associated with bacterial pharyngitis was assessed using each child as his/her own control and by comparison with 79 healthy children who had not had an infection during the past 3 months. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein B levels were significantly decreased during the symptomatic phase of the disease, whereas the serum triglyceride level was slightly elevated. Serum lipoprotein (a) concentration did not change significantly. In conclusion, it is suggested that serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins should not be assessed during infection because of the possible transient changes of these parameters during infection or inflammation.
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    Effect of oncological treatment on serum adipocytokine levels in patients with stage II-III breast cancer
    Coskun, T; Kosova, F; Ari, Z; Sakarya, A; Kaya, Y
    Adipose tissue-derived hormones (adipocytokines), such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin, and the pancreatic hormone insulin, have been suggested to play a role in carcinogenesis. We therefore hypothesized that the oncological treatment of breast cancer may alter the serum levels of these adipocytokines and insulin. In this study, we aimed to compare the serum levels of adipocytokines and insulin between the pre-and post-treatment period in patients with breast cancer. In this prospective study, 20 consecutive patients with stage II and III breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy and/or axillary dissection. The patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, if necessary. Blood samples were obtained during the preoperative period and postoperatively after completion of the adjuvant therapy. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-and post-treatment levels of visfatin, adiponectin and leptin. However, the serum insulin and resistin levels and insulin resistance were found to be statistically significantly increased following treatment (P<0.05). Post-treatment resistin levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance (r=0.45, P<0.05). Therefore, oncological treatment of stage II and III breast cancer did not affect visfatin, adiponectin and leptin levels, but statistically significantly increased resistin levels and insulin resistance. In addition, the post-treatment resistin levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance, suggesting that resistin may be involved in the development of insulin resistance in breast cancer patients following treatment.
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    The diagnostic value of the phosphate levels in serum and 24-hour urine samples in patients with recurrent renal stone disease
    Muezzinoglu, T; Gümüs, B; Sener, E; Ari, Z; Büyüksu, C
    Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the value of phosphate levels in serum and urine in patients with recurrent renal stone disease. Materials and methods: The patients (n: 60) were divided into two groups as first-time stone disease (group 1) and recurrent renal stone disease ( group 2). The demographical datas and their historical information were recorded and physical examination was done. The sera and urine for 24 hr were obtained from patients to measure electrolyte levels especially phosphorus. In addition, based on presenting serum phosphate levels, patients were divided into the hypophosphatemia group, less than 2.5 mg/dl; normophosphatemia group, between 2.5-5.2 mg/dl; and hyperphosphatemia group greater than 5.2 mg/dl. Results: The mean age of study group was 45 (21-70) years. Thirty-six patients (60%) were in group 1 and 24 patients (40%) were in group 2. No statistically correlation was found between stone recurrence and phosphate levels both in serum and urine. There was only a statistical association of K levels in 24-hour urine samples between group 1 and 2. Conclusion: There was no significant association between stone recurrence and initial phosphate levels in the serum or in urine. We do not propose to determine phosphate levels routinely in management of patients with stone disease.
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    The long-term effect of mesh bioprosthesis in inguinal hernia repair on testicular nitric oxide metabolism and apoptosis in rat testis
    Taneli, F; Aydede, H; Vatansever, S; Ulman, C; Ari, Z; Uyanik, BS
    Polypropylene mesh is the most widely used material in inguinal hernia repair. Although polypropylene mesh is known as an inert material, it is experimentally proven that mesh generates a chronic inflammatory tissue reaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of polypropylene mesh material used in inguinal hernia operations on testicular function, testicular nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and germ cell-specific apoptosis in rats. The study comprised 40 male rats that were randomly allocated into two groups. In group 1, the left spermatic cord was elevated and a 0.5 x 1 cm polypropylene mesh was placed behind the left inguinal spermatic cord and group 2 consisted of the sham-operated controls. Blood samples were taken at 6 months preoperatively and postoperatively after to assess luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels for hormonal evaluation. Testicular NO was evaluated by the Griess method, apoptosis by a TUNEL method and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expressions by immunohistochemical staining. Mild (+) eNOS expression was observed in all specimens. Mild (+) iNOS expression was only detected in ipsilateral testis of the mesh-implanted study group. Apoptotic cells were not detected in any samples. We are of the opinion that long-term polypropylene mesh implantation has no effect on testicular hormonal function and only a limited effect on nitric oxide levels and this effect is not sufficient to cause apoptosis in testis that could lead to infertility. It seems that mesh implantation is a reliable method in inguinal hernia repair; however, further work is required by more sensitive methods to fully elucidate the potential testicular damage. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Serum testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, mental reaction time, and maximal aerobic exercise in sedentary and long-term physically trained elderly males
    Ari, Z; Kutlu, N; Uyanik, BS; Taneli, F; Buyukyazi, G; Tavli, T
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of regular exercise on maximum oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max), reaction time (RT), testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth Jactor-I (IGF-I) in athletes compared to sedentary controls. VO2max RT, T, GH, and IGF-I levels were 31.2 +/- 6.2 ml/min/kg, 106.7 +/- 23.2 s, 8.3 +/- 1.3 ng/mL, 1.6 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, 106.5 +/- 27.0 ng/mL in master athlete group and 18.8 +/- 5.1 ml/min/kg, 148.3 +/- 39.3 s, 5.4 +/- 1.7 ng/mL, 0.8 +/- 0.3 ng/mL, 90.2 +/- 23.8 ng/mL in sedentary control group, respectively. The differences between regularly exercising males and the control group of sedentary males were found to be statistically significant. The results showed that long-term exercise decreased RT and increased VO2max T, and GH in elderly males; elevated serum T and GH levels may be advantageous for brain functions.