Browsing by Author "Avsever, ML"

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    First isolation of trh positive Vibrio alginolyticus from Engraulis encrasicolus in Turkey
    Avsever, ML; Tunaligil, S
    Engraulis encrasicolus is a fish species that people consume the most in T & uuml;rkiye especially during winter months. E. encrasicolus, which is generally sold in public markets, is a small fish that takes a long time to clean and therefore is often sold without cleaning. For this reason, although large fish are exclusively handled by sellers; more people come into contact with smaller fish such as E. encrasicolus during home cleaning. This means that a zoonosis in fish such as E. encrasicolus could pose a widespread public health concern. Vibrio alginolyticus, which has virulence genes, can particularly cause wound infection when it enters through wounds and abrasions on people's hands while cleaning fish. It can lead to severe food poisoning when it enters the body orally from hands contaminated with bacteria or from the environment. Thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are gene regions that significantly increase the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus. These genes are predicted to be transferred to V.alginolyticus by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In this study, a total of 200 (20 from each sale point) E. encrasicolus purchased from 10 different sale points in 4 different public markets were investigated bacteriologically. V. alginolyticus was isolated from the internal organs (spleen, kidney, liver) of 14 fish (7%) from 4 sale points in two public markets and identified by biochemical methods. The isolates were then confirmed by PCR and trh-tdh virulence genes were investigated. While the trh was detected in 6 of 14 isolates (42.8 %), tdh was not found in any of them (0%). In this study, trh positive V.alginolyticus was isolated from E. encrasicolus for the first time in T & uuml;rkiye. It should be emphasized that zoonotic agents in E. encrasicolus may cause widespread public health problems. However, there is need for more comprehensive studies to be conducted especially in the & Ccedil;anakkale province and Black Sea region where E. encrasicolus are extensively harvested.
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    First isolation of Mycobacterium bovis SIT 482 BOV from beef cattle in Turkey
    Avsever, ML; Çavusoglu, C; Çamkerten, I
    Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease which should be emphasized in our country as in many countries. A large number of genotypes have been revealed by spoligotyping method of M . bovis in the world. M bovis SIT 482. BOV is one of these genotypes and it is also M. bovis genotype in which BCG vaccine is administered in humans. The BCG vaccine is obtained through multiple passages of this genotype. However, this genotype, like other genotypes, can cause serious infections in humans and animals. There are data on the isolation of M. bovis SIT 482 BOV from animal and human tuberculosis cases in the world. In our country, the isolation of this genotype has been reported only in humans and no data have been found in the animals. In this study, M. bovis SIT 482. BOV was isolated from the samples of six cattle with internal organ samples obtained from licensed slaughterhouses in Aksaray. While isolation is carried out with BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid media, spoligotyping was carried out according to the manufacturer's with kit (Isogen LifeScience, The Netherlands). This study aims to report M. bovis SIT 482 BOV from cattle in Turkey for the first time, to draw attention a very limited number reported in M. bovis cases in Turkey, highlight the importance of genotyping of tuberculosis factors and contribute to epidemiological studies. These and similar studies will contribute to the creation of genetic maps for eradication of M. bovis from cattle in our country. The study was also conducted to investigate whether M bovis SIT 482. BOV isolated from cattle in Aksaray province is BCG strain or another strain giving the same pattern.
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    First isolation of a trh positive V. alginolyticus from Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) farmed in Turkey
    Avsever, ML
    Popularity of sushi-sashimi (raw-almost raw fish) has increased around the globe, and Atlantic bluefin tuna is among the most frequently used fish in these dishes. In this study, we used two adult Atlantic bluefin tunas sent to the laboratory from a farm in the Aegean region of Turkey in 2014. We isolated trh (Thermostable direct hemoly-sin-related hemolysin gene) positive Vibrio alginolyticus from the internal organs of these two tunas. Isolates were obtained by conventional microbiological methods and identified with Vitek 2 Compact fully automatic identification device. Confirmation of isolates and investigation of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) genes were carried out by a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Two V.alginolyticus isolates from these two tuna samples were found to be trh positive and tdh negative. The aim of this study is to report first isolation of a trh positive V. alginolyticus from two bluefin tunas farmed in the Aegean sea, to draw attention to possible dangers in raw-almost raw fish consumption and supply information for further epidemiological studies. However, more samples are necessary for elucidating the prevalence of high virulence food pathogens in tuna. However, due to their economic value, multiple tuna samples are rarely sent to laboratories for diagnostic purposes.
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    Efficacy of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and anise (Pimpinella anisum) essential oils as anaesthesics in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758)
    Metin, S; Didinen, H; Yigit, NO; Eralp, H; Ozmen, O; Avsever, ML
    In this study, the anaesthetic effects of fennel and anise essential oils were investigated on common carp. Fish (10 +/- 0.45 g) were exposed to nine concentrations of essential oils (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg L-1). Additionally, the histopathological effects on the fish tissues including gill, skin and hepatopancreas and physiological effects on some blood parameters (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Cl-, total plasma protein and glucose) of essential oils were investigated in carp. At the end of the experiment, fennel oil showed an anaesthetic effect at a concentration of 500 mg L-1 in carp (anaesthesia induction and recovery times were 308 and 472 s, respectively). Anise essential oil showed deep anaesthesia at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, but anaesthesia induction time was found to be very long (20 min). In addition, anise oil at concentrations above 100 mg L-1 caused 10% mortality in fish. Blood parameters except glucose level in both essential oils were unchanged during deep anaesthesia in carp. However, plasma glucose levels were found lower in fish anaesthetized with anise oil than control and fennel groups (P < 0.05). At the histopathological examination, no pathological findings were observed in any organ of fish in the fennel group. However, severe hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltrations in gills, erosive lesions in the skin and slight inflammatory reactions in the skin were observed in the anise group. The present study demonstrated that fennel essential oil at 500 mg L-1 concentration can be used as an effective and safe anaesthetic in common carp, but anise essential oil is not suitable.