Browsing by Author "Aydar A.Y."
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Item Determination and modeling of contact angle of Canola oil and olive oil on a PTFE surface at elevated temperatures using air or steam as surrounding media(Academic Press, 2016) Aydar A.Y.; Rodriguez-Martinez V.; Farkas B.E.Contact angles (CAs) of unused Canola and olive oils on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were measured, and the effect of oil type, surrounding media, and temperature evaluated. CAs were compared to values predicted by Girifalco-Good-Fowkes-Young (GGFY) equation, and GGFY combined with the Eötvös equation (GGFY-E). Finally, a relationship between the CA and interfacial tension for each oil type was obtained. CAs were measured by the sessile drop method (ramé-hart instrument co.). For oil-air systems, measurements were performed at 23 ± 1 °C, 40 °C, and then every 20 °C until reaching the oils' smoke point (olive oil: 180 °C, Canola oil: 200 °C). The same procedure was followed for oil-steam systems with first and second temperatures of 110 and 120 °C, respectively. Temperature and oil type had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CAs, while no significant effect of surrounding media was observed. CAs decreased linearly as temperature increased (approximately 0.2°/°C). Error (E%) values were less than 10% for the majority of Canola oil systems and olive oil-air predicted CAs. Using Zisman plots, PTFE's surface tension estimates were determined using Canola and olive oil air systems (16.0 and 18.2 mN/m respectively); both systems showed a linear correlation (r2 = 0.99) between interfacial tension and CA. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.Item Effect of ultrasound on olive oil extraction and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of extra virgin olive oil by response surface methodology (RSM)(Instituto de la Grasa, 2017) Aydar A.Y.; Bagdatlioglu N.; Köseoglu O.In this study, the effects of different extraction parameters including ultrasound time, temperature and malaxation time on olive oil quality were investigated. The extraction variables ultrasound initial temperature (20-50 °C), ultrasound time (2-10 min) and malaxation time (30-50 min) were studied to obtain ideal conditions of ultrasonic treatment on the olive paste for obtaining of a greater yield in the extraction of oil, while maintaining a maximum level of commercial quality. To evaluate the level of commercial quality, absorbance in the UV region, peroxide (PV) and free acidity values (AV), the total chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenol contents, total antioxidant activity and sensory analysis of EVOOs extracted from Edremit cultivar were determined. The optimum conditions were found to be 50 °C, 2 min and 43.23 min for ultrasound initial temperature, sonication time and malaxation time, respectively. This optimal condition gave an extraction yield of 8.25 % and the acidity value of 0.24 mg oleic acid/100 g olive oil. The experimental values obtained under optimal conditions were in agreement with the theoretical values. © 2017 CSIC.Item Development of chicken roll recipe using response surface methodology(Chiriotti Editori, 2018) Aydar A.Y.; Gürel B.; Kayaardi S.The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum quantities of ingredients to yield a chicken roll product with desirable textural properties and coloring and a minimum cooking loss. Response surface methodology (RSM), a statistical technique, was applied for optimization. The optimum quantities for chicken roil production were found to be 8.66 g, 75.00 g and 53.83 g for wheat flour, distilled water, and minced chicken, respectively. The lowest cooking loss was achieved by a recipe with high wheat flour and distilled water content, whereas the highest cooking loss was observed in the recipe with the lowest wheat flour content and the highest minced chicken content. © 2018 Chiriotti Editori. All rights reserved.Item Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Rumex hastatus with response surface methodology(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Jiskani A.H.; Aydar A.Y.; Ahmed D.Rumex hastatus is known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. The present research explored ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for antioxidants from it. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used with the Box–Behnken design. Hydro-ethanolic solvent ratio, amplitude, and temperature were the independent factors while % extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant potential, and metal chelating activity (MCA) were the responses. The highest extraction yield was 11.58% that was obtained at 20% hydro-EtOH, 50℃ temperature, and 50 m amplitude. The optimum conditions for the highest TPC were 80% hydro-EtOH, 60℃ temperature, and 75 m amplitude, for the highest TFC were 80% hydro-EtOH, 50℃ temperature, and 50 m amplitude. For MCA, the optimum conditions were 20% hydro-EtOH solvent, 50℃ temperature, and 100 m amplitude, respectively. UAE proved to be an efficient green technique for the extraction of bioactive and antioxidant substances from R. hastatus. Practical applications: The findings of this study are important for experts and industries related to vegetables and their antioxidant substances. The optimization work will be useful for the development of an efficient method for extraction of bioactive natural products from this plant for large-scale production. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Development and modeling of a novel plant-based yoghurt produced by Jerusalem artichoke and almond milk using l-optimal mixture design(Springer, 2021) Aydar A.Y.; Mataracı C.E.; Sağlam T.B.The objective of this study was to optimize the almond milk and Jerusalem artichoke milk content to produce plant-based yoghurt high in total phenolic content, water holding capacity and overall acceptability. L-optimal mixture design was used for optimization of plant-based yoghurt produced by almond milk (AM) and Jerusalem artichoke milk (JAM). Lower L* values and titratable acidity were observed in plant-based yoghurts made from 75% Jerusalem artichoke milk and 25% almond milk compared to other yoghurts. Total phenolic contents and water holding capacity of plant-based yoghurts ranged from 49.68 to 61.78 mg GAE/100 g yoghurt and from 81.45 to 89.77%, respectively. The higher Jerusalem artichoke milk concentration in yogurt exhibited lower syneresis, higher water holding capacity and higher phenolic content. It was determined that the optimum concentration was 61.12% and 38.88% for Jerusalem artichoke milk and almond milk, respectively. The results of this study identified the key quality parameters of plant-based yoghurts made from different ratios of plant milks, that could play an important role in future plant-based product development. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Investigation of ultrasound pretreatment time and microwave power level on drying and rehydration kinetics of green olives(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA, 2021) Aydar A.Y.In this study, the effect of ultrasound (US) combined microwave (MW) drying of green olive slices was studied. Olive samples were exposed to ultrasound (5 and 10 minutes; 32 KHz) at room temperature before dried at microwave at 3 different power level (180W, 450 W and 800 W). The drying and rehydration characteristics and quality parameters of olives were determined by comparing with obtained by non-ultrasound pretreated MW dried samples. Midilli et al.and Diffusion models were the most suitable models for US-MW drying with the highest R2, and lowest RMSE and chi square values. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) of olive slices reduced during drying in all treatments, however TPC of ultrasound pretreated samples were relatively higher those non treated samples dried at same microwave. Increasing of microwave level and ultrasound time decreased the total drying time up to %42.5. This study showed that US-MW can be a useful combine drying method for olive slices which decreased the drying time and improved the qualitative properties of olives. © 2021, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.Item Changes in volatile compounds of Ayvalık (Edremit) and Uslu olive oils depending on conditions and time of storage(National University of Food Technologies, 2021) Ergönül P.G.; Aydar A.Y.; Göldeli T.; Mentana A.; Quinto M.Introduction. Volatile aromatic compounds present in olive oils extracted from Turkish olive cultivars including Edremit (Ayvalık) and Uslu were determined qualitatively. Materials and methods. The olives were harvested from Akhisar/Manisa region, which is one of most important Turkish olive-growing locations, at almost the same maturity stage by hand. Harvested olives were put in case and nylon sacks and were stored under the same conditions until they analyzed. Determination of the volatile aroma compounds were done with the aim of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Results and discussion. 46 different volatile compounds were identified. The inappropriate storage conditions of olives had a negative impact on the aroma profiles of oils. The most abundant compounds were hexanal, α-farnesene, dimethylpalmitamine, and α-Farnesene, 2-hexanal, hexanal in olive oils extracted from Edremit (Ayvalık) and Uslu varieties, respectively.1-Hexanol was mostly increased compound in Edremit olive oils extracted from olives stored at nylon sacks during 14 days. The increase of concentration of 2-hexanal during holding periods could be explained by the activity of the fungal enzymes in Lipoxygenase pathway of olive fruits. While 5-Hepten-2-one 6-methyl and 1-Butanol 3-methyl were not detected in Edremit and Uslu olive oils at initial day, they formed during both sack and box holding due to the microbial activity in olives. Three principal components (PCs) were extracted representing 81.27% of the total variance of olive oil samples extracted from Uslu cultivar and 80.14 % of the total variance of olive oil samples extracted from Edremit cultivar. The first PCs, PC1, PC2 and PC3 represented 45.15 and 41.31%, 21.90 and 21.39%, 14.21 and 17.43%, for Uslu and Edremit varieties, respectively. Conclusions. It is recommended to store olives at 5 °C in air conditioning boxes for at least 30 days to reduce fungal development and to maintain the desired aroma. © 2021 National University of Food Technologies. All Rights Reserved.Item Investigation on the influence of ultrasonic pretreatment on color, quality and antioxidant attributes of microwave dried Inula viscosa (L.)(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Aydar A.Y.; Aydın T.; Yılmaz T.; Kothakota A.; Claudia Terezia S.; Florin Leontin C.; Pandiselvam R.Impact of various ultrasound pretreatment and microwave drying parameters on the qualitative and antioxidant characteristics of Inula viscosa (L.) was investigated in this study. The leaves of Inula viscosa (L.) were sonicated for 10, 20, and 30 min in an ultrasonic bath (37 kHz, 150 Watts). Microwave drying was done at three distinct times (1, 3, and 5 min) and with three different microwave power levels (100, 180, and 300 Watts). Microwave dried samples were tested for color characteristics (L*, a*, b*), chlorophyll, carotenoid, total phenol, and antioxidant content. All dried samples were prepared by infusing them in hot water as tea, and the sensorial properties of teas including odor, color, aroma, and overall acceptability were evaluated by panelists. For 10, 20, and 30 min of ultrasound pretreatment, the L* values of leaves varied from 37.70 to 49.76, 34.97 to 46.25, and 27.88 to 43.34, respectively. The total carotenoid concentration ranged from 0.12 to 0.32 mg/g DW, while the total chlorophyll content was from 0.44 to 0.94 mg/g DW. The antioxidant activity of Inula viscosa (L.) leaves that were dried at 300 Watts for 5 min did not change significantly as a result of ultrasound pretreatment. There was a significant positive correlation between aroma and TPC, as well as between color and overall acceptability. The darkest-colored teas were deemed preferable by the panelists. © 2022 The Author(s)Item Optimization of solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Lagenaria siceraria fruit by response surface methodology(Sciendo, 2022) Iftikhar S.; Tariq Qamar M.; Aydar A.Y.; Ahmed D.Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) fruit is highly celebrated for its nutritional as well as therapeutic properties. The present study was undertaken with the aim of exploring an efficient green solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction method for bioactives from this fruit. Optimization was done according to response surface methodology (RSM), where microwave power (W) and time (s) were independent factors, and percent extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and iron chelating activity (ICA) were the responses. TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP and ICA were highest at 480 W and 60 s. The TPC was 288.9 mg GAE · g-1 DW (milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight), TFC was 214.1 mg RE · g-1 (rutin equivalent per gram DW), anti-radical activity was 32.96%, FRAP was 289.7 mg AAE · g-1 (mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram) and ICA was 19.52%. The results of the study thus demonstrate that the solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction method, which utilised an optimum power of 480 W and a time of 60 s, is an effective and green method for extraction of antioxidant compounds from bottle gourd fruit. © 2022 Sahar Iftikhar et al., published by Sciendo.Item Modelling of polyphenol and flavonoid extraction from bottle gourd fruit using green and cost effective LTTM glycerol-ammonium acetate in neat and diluted forms(Springer, 2022) Amin R.; Ahmed D.; Aydar A.Y.; Qamar M.T.The current study investigated the effectiveness of a low-cost, safe and green LTTM (low-transition-temperature mixture) GAA (glycerol-ammonium acetate) for extraction of bioactive biomolecules form bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) fruit. Two forms of LTTM, neat and diluted with ethanol, were compared. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization using the Box-Behnken design consisting of three-factors, each with three levels. Total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), anti-radical activity (ARA), and iron chelating activity (ICA) were dependent variables, while time, temperature, speed, and solvent concentrations were independent variables. Second order polynomial models were well fitted for the responses in both solvent systems. For GAA-ethanol extraction, TP, TF, ICA, and anti-radical activity were 14.47 mg GAE/g, 4.93 mg RE/g, 12.21% and 36.43%, respectively, at optimum conditions of extraction time (42 min), temperature (42 °C), and solvent ratio (56%). For GAA extraction, the values 4.50 mg GAE/g, 2.86 mg RE/g, and 70.21% were obtained for TP, TF, and anti-radical activity, respectively, at optimized extraction conditions of speed 300 RPM, temperature 50 °C and solvent-to-solid ratio 10 mL/g. For anti-radical activity of GAA and GAA-ethanol extracts, the error rates between predicted and observed values were extremely low (3.35% and 3.88%, respectively), which demonstrated the suggested quadratic polynomial models as adequate for predicting this activity under any set of extraction conditions. With the error rate of 15.09%, the extraction of TP with GAA can also be quite adequately modelled. The study demonstrated GAA as a green and efficient solvent for extraction of polyphenols and other antioxidant biomolecules from L. siceraria fruit and the optimized process can be used for maximum extraction of antioxidants from it. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds from fruit of Melia azedarach using a glycerol-based green deep eutectic solvent(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Jamshaid S.; Ahmed D.; Aydar A.Y.For sustainable extraction of bioactive components from Melia azedarach fruit, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) glycerol-ammonium acetate (GAA) were studied with optimization under response surface methodology with variables temperature, amplitude, and DES concentration (DC). The three-level, three-factorial Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to study three extraction conditions: temperature (30–50°C), amplitude (50%–100%), and DES concentration (50%–90%) to obtain highest level of total phenol (TP), total flavonoid (TF), iron chelating activity (ICA), and anti-radical activity (DPPH). The optimized conditions for the responses were 50°C temperature, 50% DC, and 100% amplitude and the observed values for TP, TF, ICA, and DPPH were found 17.11 mg GAE /g DW, 11.33 mg RE/g DW, 52.66%, and 72.84%, respectively. The model was strongly supported by validation study, which indicates GAA-UAE is an effective green method for extracting bioactives from M. azedarach and the lower error rates (≤5.60) between predicted and observed values for TP, ICA, and DPPH models showed that these responses are more predictable compared with those of TF. Practical applications: The study proposes an ultrasound-assisted green and efficient approach for extraction of bioactive natural products from the fruit of the medicinal plant Melia azedarach. The optimized method developed can be used to obtain polyphenols, flavonoids, and other antioxidant bioactives from this abundantly available plant for industrial application for various medicinal and food preservation purposes. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND PRE-TREATMENT ON DRYING KINETICS AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE(Plapiqui, 2022) Aydar A.Y.; Mataraci C.E.; Sağlam T.B.; Yilmaz T.Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tu-berosus L.) is primarily used as a biomass for ethanol production. It is also utilized for human consumption as a healthy snack by having good nutritional value and inulin content. In this study, ultrasound pre-treatment (USPT) was selected to minimize drying de-fects and 5, 10, and 15 min. treatments were applied before hot air drying at 60 °C and 80 °C. The effect of pre-treatment on drying performances and proper-ties including color, total phenolic content and total antioxidant were investigated. Effective diffusion co-efficient values ranged from 1.72 × 10-8 m2/min to 2.94 × 10-8 to m2/min, and it was observed that the effective moisture diffusion coefficient was higher in the sam-ples where ultrasound was applied compared to the control sample. L * value 72.72 ± 2.71 was found high-est at samples that were 5 minutes ultrasound treated and dried at 60 °C for 60 minutes. The highest antiox-idant and phenolic content in the drying process at 60 °C was determined in the samples where ultrasound was applied for 15 minutes. As a result, the applica-tion of USPT can result in a better conserved quality in a shorter drying time with the required final prod-uct moisture content © 2022, Latin American Applied Research.All Rights Reserved.Item Ultrasound- and heat-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizin from licorice by two glycerol-based DESs - Modeling and optimization as per response surface methodology(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Kubra K.T.; Ahmed D.; Aydar A.Y.; Qamar M.T.Glycyrrhizin is an important bioactive compound of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) having many pharmaceutical properties. The present study explored the extraction of glycyrrhizin from licorice in two glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents glycerol-ammonium acetate (GAA) and glycerol-choline chloride (GCC) and by two different techniques heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). For optimization, response surface methodology (RSM) as per CCD (central composite design) was applied. Quantification of the compound was done by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). In GAA-HAE, the highest yield 36.96 mg/g was at 80 °C temperature, 25 min time, and 50% DES concentration and in GCC-HAE, the highest yield was 35.26 mg/g that was at temperature 80 °C, time 65 min and 50% DES concentration. In GAA-UAE, the highest yield 35.41 mg/g was at temperature 60 °C, time 79 min and 70% DES concentration, and in GCC-UAE, the highest yield 31.37 mg/g was at temperature 80 °C, time 25 min and 50% DES concentration. UAE-methanol gave the highest yield 31.36 mg/g that was at temperature 60 °C, time 45 min and 70% methanol. The predicted models had high fitness each having a significant p-value (<0.05) and a nonsignificant lack of fit p-value. The R2 values were about 94%, 98%, 93%, 95% and 95% for GAA-UAE, GCC-UAE, GAA-HAE, GCC-HAE and methanol-UAE models, respectively, which also indicated high adequacy of the models. In terms of yield, HAE and UAE were comparable but UAE has the advantage of being more environmentally friendly, and GAA was more powerful than GCC as extracting medium. As a result, GAA-UAE should be a viable option for extracting glycyrrhizin from licorice as an efficient and environmentally friendly method. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.Item Effect of ultrasound assisted cleaning on pesticide removal and quality characteristics of Vitis vinifera leaves(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Aydar A.Y.; Aydın T.; Karaiz A.; Alabey F.; Kothakota A.; Raposo A.; Abdullah Albaridi N.; Pandiselvam R.In this study, the pesticide (acetamiprid, deltamethrin, and pyridaben) removal and physicochemical quality improvement of vine (Vitis vinifera) leaf were examined using ultrasonic and traditional cleaning for 5, 10, and 15 min. After an ultrasonic cleaning procedure at 37 kHz for 10 min, acetamiprid, deltamethrin, and pyridaben in vine leaf were reduced by 54.76, 58.22, and 54.55 %, respectively. Furthermore, the total phenolic content (TPC) in vine leaf increased to 13.45 mg GAE/g DW compared to that in control samples using traditional cleaning (10.37 mg GAE/g DW), but there were no significant differences in DPPH radical scavenging activity. After 15 min of conventional cleaning, the total chlorophyll and total carotenoid content of leaves were found to be lowest among all samples, at 6.52 mg/kg and 0.48 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, when compared to conventional cleaning methods, ultrasonic cleaning with no chemicals or heat treatment has proven to be a successful and environmentally friendly application in reducing commonly used pesticides and improving the physicochemical qualities of leaves. © 2022 The Author(s)Item Individual and interactive effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on drying kinetics and biochemical qualities of food: A critical review(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Pandiselvam R.; Aydar A.Y.; Kutlu N.; Aslam R.; Sahni P.; Mitharwal S.; Gavahian M.; Kumar M.; Raposo A.; Yoo S.; Han H.; Kothakota A.One of the earliest and most prevalent processing methods to increase the shelf-life of foods is drying. In recent years, there has been an increased demand to improve product quality while lowering processing times, expenses, and energy usage in the drying process. Pre-treatments are therefore effectively used before drying to enhance heat and mass transfer, increase drying efficiency, and lessen degradation of final product quality. When food is dried, changes are expected in its taste, color, texture, and physical, chemical, and microbial properties. This has led to the need for research and development into the creation of new and effective pre-treatment technologies including high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, ultraviolet irradiation, and ultrasound. Sound waves that have a frequency >20 kHz, which is above the upper limit of the audible frequency range, are referred to as “ultrasound”. Ultrasonication (US) is a non-thermal technology, that has mechanical, cavitational, and sponge effects on food materials. Ultrasound pre-treatment enhances the drying characteristics by producing microchannels in the food tissue, facilitating internal moisture diffusion in the finished product, and lowering the barrier to water migration. The goal of ultrasound pre-treatment is to save processing time, conserve energy, and enhance the quality, safety, and shelf-life of food products. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of ultrasound, its mechanism, and how the individual effects of ultrasonic pre-treatment and the interactive effects of ultrasound-assisted technologies affect the drying kinetics, bioactive components, color, textural, and sensory qualities of food. The difficulties that can arise when using ultrasound technology as a drying pretreatment approach, such as inadequate management of heat, the employment of ultrasound at a limited frequency, and the generation of free radicals, have also been explained. © 2022 The AuthorsItem EFFICIENT EXTRACTION OF CURCUMIN FROM TURMERIC WITH PHARMACEUTICAL SOLVENTS AND OPTIMIZATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY(Plapiqui, 2023) Raheem M.; Ahmed D.; Aydar A.Y.The aim of the study was to find out a novel, effective, safe, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of curcumin from turmeric. A pharmaceu-tically safe solvent isopropyl alcohol was selected based on preliminary screening. Three methods, mi-crowave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-as-sisted extraction (UAE), and maceration were ex-plored, and optimization of each method was per-formed using Box-Behnken design with RSM. Yield (mg/g) ranged from 1.35-12.53, 1.43-5.59, and 0.23-7.06 (mg/g) in MAE, UAE, and maceration, respec-tively. For MAE, optimum conditions were 30 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio (SSR), 240 W microwave power, and 40 s extraction time. The optimum UAE condi-tions were 40 °C, 10 min and 50 mL/g SSR. The opti-mum conditions for maceration were 60 °C, 90 min and 10 mL/g SSR. Based on the results, MAE was the most robust technique for extraction of curcumin from turmeric and the protocol may be developed for industrial application © 2023, Latin American Applied Research.All Rights Reserved.Item Microwave-pretreatment hydrodistillation extraction of eucalyptol from Eucalyptus citriodora and optimization by response surface methodology(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rachel T.; Ahmed D.; Aydar A.Y.; Qamar M.T.This study aimed to optimize the process of extracting essential oil from Eucalyptus citriodora leaves using either conventional hydrodistillation (CHD) or microwave-pretreatment hydrodistillation (MPHD), and to compare the two methods. The response surface methodology was utilized to optimize two techniques. The essential oil yield was quantified in terms of eucalyptol, and the highest yields of eucalyptol in CHD and MPHD were 2.72% and 3.50%, respectively. For CHD, the optimum conditions for extraction of eucalyptol from E. citriodora leaves were 700 mL/100 g solvent-to-solid ratio and a 4 h extraction time with a 2.64 mg/100 g eucalyptol predicted yield. For MPHD, the optimum conditions were the solvent-to-solid ratio of 555 mL/100 g, extraction time of 4 h, irradiation time of 30 s, and power of 466 W, giving a 2.24 mg/100 g eucalyptol predicted yield. The validation study verified the efficacy of the optimized models. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed eucalyptol as the most abundant chemical constituent of both the CHD and MPHD distillates. In conclusion, MPHD had a lower solvent requirement, consuming less water for a slightly lower yield than CHD. In terms of efficiency, both techniques worked almost equally well for extracting eucalyptol from E. citriodora leaves, but MPHD was more environmentally sustainable in terms of water consumption. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.Item Farm to fork applications: how vibrational spectroscopy can be used along the whole value chain?(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Pandiselvam R.; Aydar A.Y.; Aksoylu Özbek Z.; Sözeri Atik D.; Süfer Ö.; Taşkin B.; Olum E.; Ramniwas S.; Rustagi S.; Cozzolino D.Vibrational spectroscopy is a nondestructive analysis technique that depends on the periodic variations in dipole moments and polarizabilities resulting from the molecular vibrations of molecules/atoms. These methods have important advantages over conventional analytical techniques, including (a) their simplicity in terms of implementation and operation, (b) their adaptability to on-line and on-farm applications, (c) making measurement in a few minutes, and (d) the absence of dangerous solvents throughout sample preparation or measurement. Food safety is a concept that requires the assurance that food is free from any physical, chemical, or biological hazards at all stages, from farm to fork. Continuous monitoring should be provided in order to guarantee the safety of the food. Regarding their advantages, vibrational spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy, are considered reliable and rapid techniques to track food safety- and food authenticity-related issues throughout the food chain. Furthermore, coupling spectral data with chemometric approaches also enables the discrimination of samples with different kinds of food safety-related hazards. This review deals with the recent application of vibrational spectroscopic techniques to monitor various hazards related to various foods, including crops, fruits, vegetables, milk, dairy products, meat, seafood, and poultry, throughout harvesting, transportation, processing, distribution, and storage. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Ultrasound-assisted extraction with natural deep eutectic solvent for phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill.: Experimental design optimization using central composite design(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Koraqi H.; Aydar A.Y.; Khalid W.; Ercisli S.; Rustagi S.; Ramniwas S.; Pandiselvam R.Combining natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) created a green extraction medium for important phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill. For this purpose, three different NADES based on lactic acid were designed and tested as green extraction solvents. Citric acid, glucose, mannitol, and glycerol were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), while lactic acid as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The best extraction efficiency was demonstrated by NADESLACAGLY, which contains lactic acid, citric acid, and glycerol (3:1:2) compare with two other NADES (NADESLAGLU and NADESLAMA) and conventional solvents (ethanol and methanol). These parameters included total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA). Then the UAE procedure was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total phenolic compounds (R2 = 0.9625, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), total flavonoid compounds (R2 = 0.9682, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9940, p < 0.0001 and p<0.05). An extraction time of 60 min, a solvent volume of 35 mL, and an amount of water in NADES 30 % (v/v) were considered optimal conditions. The present study demonstrates the potential for creating eco-friendly solvents with enhanced extraction capabilities compared to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various natural sources that are used as natural food colorants and cosmetic dyes. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Application of multivariate analysis and Kohonen Neural Network to discriminate bioactive components and chemical composition of kosovan honey(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Koraqi H.; Wawrzyniak J.; Aydar A.Y.; Pandiselvam R.; Khalide W.; Petkoska A.T.; Karabagias I.K.; Ramniwas S.; Rustagi S.The diversity of botanical origins may influence the composition of honey and thus its recognition as a functional and healthy food. This study examined the standard physicochemical properties, bioactive components and antioxidant activity of Kosovan honeys according to their floral source (monofloral, blossom, acacia, and mountain blossom honey). Then the Kohonen Neural Network (KNN), which transforms complex multivariate data into two-dimensional space, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to identify and group botanical origin of honey samples based on their component features. Physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity varied significantly between the individual distinct varieties of honeys. Statistical analysis showed the usefulness of KNN and PCA for dimensionality reduction and detecting the structure and general regularities in the values of variables describing the tested honeys of the same botanical origin. KNNs have proven to be a particularly effective data mining tool, enabling the detection of subtle differences and clearer separation of clusters occurring in honey samples. The developed KNN model revealed proximity between the AC and MBL clusters, as well as between the MF and BL clusters, indicating similarity of their features. The arrangement of honey groups on the matrix map also suggested that the properties of AC and MBL honeys were significantly different from those of MF and BL honeys. The research showed that both methods used could be used as additional statistical tools supporting the recognition of the type of honey according to its chemical composition, mineral content, bioactive components and the antioxidant activity of honey as a functional food. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd