Browsing by Author "Aydemir, I"
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Item Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Application on Experimental Varicocele Model in RatsGülbagça, F; Sal, DH; Saygili, S; Sönmez, PK; Aydemir, I; Özkut, M; Öztürk, S; Gümüsay, M; Kaya, A; Tuglu, MIVaricocele is the most clinical condition which can be treated by surgery. The frequency in male is 20%. The half of infertile patient has this pathology which there is dilatation in plexus pampiniformis veins of testes. Varicocele causes increase of heat or increse of oxidative stres in seminifer tubules where they produce pathology for spermatogenesis. Low frequency magnetic fields are useful for the treatment of many area where they become important role. In this study the effect of low frequency magnetic fields on the experimental varicocele model of rat testes was investigated. The parameters for oxidative stres suggest eNOS and iNOS with apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. There was increaese in eNOS, iNOS and apoptosis by the varicocele experiment where there was testicular damage and low frequency magnetic fields caused decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Application of magnetic fields can help the clinical varicocele pathologies either with treatment or supportive effect.Item Effects of various electromagnetic field applications on the aggressiveness of breast cancer lineGümüsay, M; Saygili, S; Aydemir, I; Kaya, A; Tuglu, MIItem Design of Coils Driven by Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Generator and the Effect of Wound Healing in RatsGümüsay, M; Gülbagça, F; Saygili, S; Aydemir, I; Kaya, A; Tuglu, MIChronic wound healing is an important problem especially in diabetic and the elderly which is needed development of the current treatment methods. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) has a significant impact on our body. These fields are being used for bone problems, cartilage regeneration, and pain removal for physiotherapy purposes. Lately, EMFs are often used in in vitro and in vivo assays. In this study, in vivo test results of the applied pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) with our designed Helmholtz coil array system are given. The skin wound healing conducted in rats as an experimental model provides important information for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of these kind of treatments. For this purpose, effectiveness of PEMF compared to control groups on experimental skin healing effect was examined macroscopically. Compared with the control groups a faster wound healing process was followed by PEMF application at 75 Hz frequency.Item Design of Antenna-Applicator for Electromagnetic Field Applications and Excitation Model for Rat and Heat Transfer AnalysisGümüsay, M; Gülbagça, F; Aydemir, I; Saygili, S; Kaya, A; Tuglu, MIThere has been only a few technical progress which contribute to wound healing in the last century. Despite these advances wound healing is very hard issue to study because of its subjectivity, diversity and complexity of the wound healing process and diversity of patients. Molecules are insufficient in the chronic wound and unlike other cells multiplying endothelial cells interrupt the healing process. To restart this process, cells can be excitated by pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation method. When a suitable frequency and waveform electromagnetic field (EMF) signal is applied to the target tissue with the help of a coil or applicator physiological effects occurs at the cellular size. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields are non-ionizing part of the EM spectrum and they are used as adjunct therapy in soft tissue injuries. In this study, an antenna-applicator design was performed and the effect of non-thermal pulsed radio frequency energy (PRFE) system to the wound created rat skin was examined.Item The Distribution and Heterogeneity of Mast Cells in the Cecum of Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)Yildiz, M; Aydemir, I; Kum, S; Eren, ÜThe aim of the present study is to investigate the location and heterogeneity of mast cells in quail cecum. Cecum samples were fixed in basic lead acetate (BLA), Carnoy's, isotonic formaldehyde acetic acid (IFAA) and 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) solutions. The sections were stained with an alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration (AB-CEC) (pH 5.8, 0.3 M MgCl2) and safranin O (SO) (pH 1.0) used in a combined method and with toluidine blue (TB) (pH 0.5). Mast-cell population was shown in highest ratios in all layers of Carnoy fixed cecum parts within TB-stained sections. Metachromatic mast cell density was determined the most in tunica mucosa layers of the middle and distal cecum. It was seen that AB-CEC (+)/SO (-) mast-cell density was greater in tunica mucosa layers of the proximal and middle cecum in IFAA and BLA fixed tissues campare to Carnoy fixation. At the end of the study; it can be said that Carnoy solution fixed the connective tissue mast cells, as well as IFAA and BLA solutions fixed the mucosal mast cells better.Item Effects of 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine on a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) via the JAK/STAT pathwayUluer, ET; Aydemir, I; Inan, S; Ozbilgin, K; Vatansever, HSAberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway may predispose to malignancy as a consequence of the deregulation of cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis such as in cancer of the blood, head and neck, and breast. In our study we aimed to investigate the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine on a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) via the JAK/STAT pathway. Distribution of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 were evaluated on MCF-7 cells following gemcitabine and 5-FU treatment and in the absence of drug treatment by an indirect immunohistochemical method. It was observed that JAK1, JAK3, STAT5 and particularly STAT2 activation were more effective than the other JAK/STATs in breast cancer progression. Following treatment with 5-FU, JAK1 and STAT5 immunoreactivities were decreased in MCF-7 cells in comparison with both gemcitabine-treated and non-treated groups. These results suggest that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an important role in breast cancer pathogenesis and may be more affected after 5-FU treatment rather than gemcitabine. Drugs which block STAT5 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer. (c) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Item Comprassion of the Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Pulsed Radio Frequency Energy on Wound Healing in RatsGümüsay, M; Gülbagça, F; Saygili, S; Aydemir, I; Kaya, A; Tuglu, MIDelayed or not sufficiently good wound healing is a significant problem in medical treatment is needed to support in order to improve healing. Low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) applications are seems to give this support. Disturbed vascularization, connective tissue formation, matrix exchange, and inflammation process in the wound environment are modified after EMF applications compared with control groups. Deteriorations in these factors which can be returned with the electrical impulses, DNA synthesis, transcription and transforms of protein synthesis, increasing of fibroblasts and endothelial cell proliferation indicate the presence of EMF mechanisms. Since the application and ambient conditions are kept constant but the type of the application has been changed in our study, it was provided that pulsed radio frequency energy (PRFE) is more effective and has more long-term improvement compared to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF). The effects of these applications on cells and understanding of the mechanisms of the behavior will be much more significant and meaningful contribute to the treatmentItem Histochemical determination of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in normal and ethanol-induced chick embryo during neural tube developmentAydemir, I; Gürcü, BAlcohol as a teratogenic agent inhibits cell growth, function, proliferation and migration by affecting macromolecules, and can induce cell death. Prenatal ethanol exposure causes neural tube defects (NTD) and growth deficiency in experimental animals. NTDs are a group of malformations that result in failure of neural tube (NT) closure in early embryonic development and are among the most common congenital malformations in humans. NTDs are also associated with a number of other central nervous system malformations. Basal layers are the most densely stained structures with Alcian blue which determines glycosaminoglycan (GAG) types. While all sulphated GAGs were observed in the basal layers of NT of the embryos in control and saline-injected groups, hyaluronic acid was dominant in the 10% alcohol-administered embryos. It was reduced in the 15% alcohol-administered embryos and keratan sulphate was significantly low in 20% samples. Especially in the control and saline-injected groups, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate were highly expressed around cells migrating from the NT, while the same were reduced in 10% alcohol-administered embryos. In 15% alcohol-administered embryos, while the heparine and heparane sulphate were dense around cells migrating from the NT, staining specificities were decreased in 20% alcohol-administered embryos in same regions. Increased alcohol degrees cause decrease of the GAG types in both areas.Item Development of Electromagnetic Field System for Providing Wound Healing on Created Wound Model Rat Skin and Sensor ApplicationGümüsay, M; Gülbagça, F; Aydemir, I; Saygili, S; Kaya, A; Tuglu, MIElectromagnetic field (EMF) radiation are formed by the acceleration of electric charge. Electric charges produce electric and magnetic energy in space when they move. These waves have different frequencies and wavelengths and when they interact with an object they can be refracted, reflected or absorbed. When a suitable frequency and waveform EM signal is applied to the target tissue with the help of a coil or applicator physiological effects will occur at the cellular size. Today studies revealed significant molecular mechanisms occurring during wound healing. Nonionizing part of the EM spectrum is low-frequency electromagnetic fields are used as adjunct therapy in soft tissue injuries. In this study, the main goal is development of systems which will give better results compared with conventional treatment methods taking into account the effect on rat skin. To achieve this, some improvements in output power, increased gain, versatility, easy adjustments are provided for the spiral and planar antenna-applicator design.Item Punicic Acid Inhibits Glioblastoma Migration and Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR Signaling PathwayMete, M; Unsal, UU; Aydemir, I; Sönmez, PK; Tuglu, MBackground: Punicic Acid (PA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that accounts for approximately 70%-80% of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO). PA possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic effects, and anti-tumorigenic properties. Pomegranate extracts have been shown to have anticancer activity in many studies. However, there is no evidence for the effect of PSO on T98 glioblastoma cells. Therefore, the present study was the first to investigate the mechanisms induced by PA on T98 cells, which is one of the major compounds extracted from PSO. Methods: The effects of PA on cell viability; oxidative stress; and migration, proliferation, and apoptosis at the IC50 close were studied. Results: The proliferation and migration were inhibited in the treated group compared to the non-treated group by 9.85 mu l/ml PA. The difference was statistically significant (***p<0.001). Furthermore, PA-induced apoptosis in the T98 glioblastoma cells compared to non-treated group and the difference was statistically significant (***p<0.001). Apoptosis was determined via immunocytochemistry staining of caspase-3, caspase-9 and TUNEL methods. Apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry (using caspase 3 methods) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis. We also investigated the potential signaling pathway underlying this apoptotic effect. The immunocytochemical stainings of PI3K/ Akt-1/ mTOR-1 demonstrated that Akt-1 staining was increased with PA treatment similar to mTOR-1 and PI3K staining (***p<0.001). These increases were statistically significant compared to the non-treated group. Conclusion: PA exhibited exceptional abilities as an anticancer agent against GBM cells. The use of punicic acid in combination with other drugs used in the treatment of glioblastoma may increase the efficacy of the treatment. This study provided a basis for future investigation of its use in preclinical and clinical studies.Item Histological investigations on thymus of male rats prenatally exposed to bisphenol AAydemir, I; Kum, S; Tuglu, MIBisphenol A is called as a endocrine-distrupting chemical because of the its steroid-like activity and it used in the construction of plastic containing materials. It is indicated that bisphenol A can pass the human serum, urine, follicular fluid, placenta and umblical cord as a result of the use of substances containing this agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of bisphenol A on the development of the thymus, a primary lymphoid organ which plays an important role in the specific immunity. The adult pregnant female rats were administered orally with bisphenol A (for 21 days) and postnatal thymus samples were obtained on day 21, 45 and 90 and were performed for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD79a and TUNEL assay for the apoptotic cells. Evaluation of all groups, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD79a stainings were decreased in the experimental groups compared with control group. The apoptotic cells were determined in the all groups on day 90 as a result of the thymus involution. It is noted that there was not any histological and morphological damages in the rats prenatally exposed the bisphenol A. The effect of the bisphenol A is unknown in the future, but there is no problem in the adult rats. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Therapeutic effects of Lacosamide in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: A histological, biochemical and electroencephalography monitoring studyMete, M; Alpay, S; Aydemir, I; Unsal, UU; Collu, F; Özel, HF; Duransoy, YK; Kutlu, N; Tuglu, MIObjective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, especially in children and young adults. TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism or other features. Inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ischemia are some of the important pathophys-iological mechanisms underlying neuronal loss after TBI. Lacosamide (LCM) is an anticonvulsant compound approved for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate possible neuroprotective effects of LCM in a rat model of TBI. Material and methods: Twenty-eight adult male, Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the control group (n=7). Group 2 was the trauma group (n=7) where rats were treated with 100 mg/kg saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice a day. Groups 3 and 4, rats were treated with 6 (group 3, n=7) or 20 (group 4, n=7) mg/kg Lacosamide IP twice a day. For each group, brain samples were collected 72 hours after injury. Brain samples and blood were evaluated with histopathological and biochemical methods. In addition, electroencephalograpy monitoring results were compared. Results: The immunoreactivity of both iNOS and eNOS (oxidative stress markers) were decreased with LCM treatment compared to trauma group. The results were statistically significant (*** P<0.001). The treatments of low (56,17 +/- 9,69) and high-dose LCM (43,91 +/- 9,09) were decreased the distribution of HIF-1 alpha compared to trauma group (P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells were decreased with LCM treatment the difference between the trauma group and 20mg/kg LCM treated group (9,55 +/- 1,02) was statistically significant (***P<0.001). Malondialdehyde level was reduced with LCM treatment. MDA level was significantly higher in trauma group compared to LCM treated groups (*** P<0.001). The level of Superoxide dismutase in the trauma group was 1,86 U/ml, whereas it was 36,85 U/ml in 20mg/kg LCM treated group (*** P<0.001). Delta strength of EEG in 20mg/kg LCM treated group were similar to control group values after LCM treatment. Conclusion: No existing study has produced results suggesting that different doses of LCM has therapeutic effect against TBI, using EEG recording in addition to histological and biochemical evaluations in rats. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Effects of α-lactalbumin and sulindac on primary and metastatic human colon cancer cell linesAydemir, I; Vatansever, S; Özbilgin, KBackground: HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) and sulindac are active ingredients which are used in the treatment of cancers. Under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, HAMLET binds to the surface of tumor cells and enters the cells. Sulindac is one of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It inhibits the growth of tumor cells by inducing the apoptosis. In our study, we aimed to investigate effects of alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac on COLO-320 primary and COLO-741 metastatic human colon carcinoma cell lines via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by indirect immunocytochemistry and TUNEL assays. Materials and methods: The effects of alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac were assessed by using MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h and apoptosis markers caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome-c were detected using immunocytochemistry and TUNEL methods. Results: It was appeared that alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac may triggger mechanisms of apoptosis in both primary and metastatic colon carcinoma cell lines and the primary colon carcinoma cell line was affected more than the metastatic cells. Conclusion: It is proposed that alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac can be used in cancer treatments and future in vivo experiments.Item Effects of alcohol during secondary neurulation in chick embryosMete, M; Aydemir, I; Ünsal, ÜÜ; Özbilgin, K; Tuglu, MI; Gürcü, BObjective: Alcohol continues to be consumed even though its harmful effecs are well established. One of the most common damage of alcohol consumption is fetal alcohol syndrome, characterized by craniofacial anomalies, cardiac anomalies and neural tube defects. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the alcohol-induced toxicity that occur with time and dose dependent manner is very important., Most of the studies in order to understand the effects of alcohol have been carried out on early neurulation, however its effects on late neurulation are still unknown. Therefore in this study, effects of alcohol on secondary neurulation were investigated in chick embryos. Methods: Leghorn breed of embryonic chicken eggs were used. At 50 h of incubation, 100 mu L 50% ethanol solution was injected. Depending on the period of exposure to alcohol, varying degrees of pathological disorders were detected in E3, E7 and E10 days. Results: Developmental delay, structural abnormalities, morphological abnormalities in the heart and face and especially presence of two spinal cord cavities were found. In addition, we also detected delays in the closure of the neural tube, cellular deformities and the structural abnormalities in notochord. While eNOS, iNOS, and TUNEL levels increased, while laminin levels decreased. Conclusion: In this study during late development, significant alcohol-induced morphological and histopathological changes were observed. We also determined Increased level of oxidative stress caused by alcohol was accompanied with the changes in matrix composition. Better understanding of these mechanisms which affect the cell behavior is important and will allow learning of harmful effects of alcohol.Item Inhibiting effect of oleocanthal on neuroblastoma cancer cell proliferation in cultureÜnsal, ÜÜ; Mete, M; Aydemir, I; Duransoy, YK; Umur, AS; Tuglu, MIWe investigated the potential anticancer effects of oleocanthal (OC) on neuroblastoma cells. Cells were divided into four groups: group 1, neuroblastoma cells were treated with OC; group 2, neurons that differentiated from neuroblastoma cells were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS); group 3, bone marrow derived neuronal (BMDN) cells that were differentiated from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with OC; group 4, BMDN cells that were differentiated from BMSCs were treated with PBS. Groups 2 and 4 were control groups. The effects of OC on cell viability, oxidative stress, neurite inhibition and apoptosis at IC50 dose were investigated using MTT analysis, i-NOS and e-NOS measurement, neurotoxicity screening test (NST) and TUNEL staining, respectively. MTT analysis demonstrated that cells were significantly less viable in group 1 than in group 3. i-NOS and e-NOS staining intensity was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 3. NST revealed that OC inhibited neurite growth in both neuroblastoma and BMND cells; inhibition was significantly less in group 3 than in group 1. Significantly more TUNEL labeled cells were found in group 1 than in group 3. We found that OC prevented growth and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We also found that the cytotoxicity of OC is negligible in BMDN cells.Item Investigation of the effects of bisphenol-A exposure on lymphoid system in prenatal stageAydemir, I; Özbey, C; Özkan, O; Tuglu, MI; Kum, SBisphenol-A (BPA) used in the production of plastic materials is a temperature-soluble agent. It also has a steroid hormone-like activity; therefore, it poses a danger to human health. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of BPA on lymph node and spleen in male rats exposed to this agent during prenatal stage. The pregnant female rats were divided into four groups: control, sham, low dose (300 mu g/kg BPA), and high dose (900 mu g/kg BPA). BPA was dissolved in 1 mL of corn oil and administered to the pregnant rats every day during pregnancy. On the 21st and 45th day after the birth, male rats' lymph node and spleen samples were taken and histopathological examination was performed. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the general histological appearance, and with CD3 and CD20 immunohistochemically. The results of staining were evaluated by H-score, and statistical analysis was performed. In the samples, BPA applications were not found to cause significant tissue damage. But there was a significant decrease in the immunoreactivities of CD3 and CD20 after BPA applications in both 21st and 45th day samples. After high dose BPA administration, decreased CD3 immunoreactivity was statistically significant. It is thought that BPA does not cause histologically significant tissue damage, but it may impair organ function at cellular level. The investigation of molecules involved in organ function will be useful in revealing the mechanisms that will cause dysfunction.Item TGF-βs ACTIVATE CELL DEATH IN MCF-7 CELLS AFTER TREATMENT WITH GEMCITABINE OR 5-FU THROUGH THE SYNERGISTIC COLLABORATION OF SMAD SIGNALING PATHWAYSVatansever, HS; Inan, S; Turkoz-Uluer, E; Aydemir, I; Umur, N; Ozbilgin, MKItem Neuroprotective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium in mechanically injured neuroblastoma cellsMete, M; Aydemir, I; Ünlü Ünsal, Ü; Duransoy, YK; Tuglu, IM; Selçuki, MBackground/aim: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess self-renewal characteristics that distinguish them from other cell types. Recent studies have focused on the effects of conditioned medium (CM) that includes the extracellular matrix. Here we examined the neuroprotective effects of BMSCs and CM on damaged neuroblastoma cells. Materials and methods: The cells were divided into five groups: 1) healthy controls, 2) damaged cells alone, 3) damaged cells treated with BMSCs, 4) damaged cells treated with CM, and 5) damaged cells treated with both BMSCs and CM. Neuroprotective effects were then evaluated based upon the levels of oxidative stress, antitransforming growth factor beta 1 (anti-TGF beta 1) production, and apoptosis. Results: Significant differences were observed between healthy controls and damaged cells (P < 0.001), as well as between damaged cells and those treated with BMSCs alone (P < 0.05), CM alone (P < 0.05), and both BMSCs and CM in combination (P < 0.01). Among the treated groups, the strongest neuroprotective effects were seen in cells treated with both BMSCs and CM. Conclusion: These results show that both BMSCs and CM exhibit neuroprotective effects in damaged neuroblastoma cells. The strongest benefits were seen following treatment with both BMSCs and CM.Item Analysis of Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV) on Primary(COLO-320) and Metastatic(COLO-741) Human Colon Cancer Cells treated with α-Lactalbumin or SulindacGorgulu, K; Vatansever, HS; Ozbilgin, MK; Aydemir, IItem Neurotoxic effects of local anesthetics on the mouse neuroblastoma NB2a cell lineMete, M; Aydemir, I; Tuglu, IM; Selcuki, MLocal anesthetics are used clinically for peripheral nerve blocks, epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia and pain management; large concentrations, continuous application and long exposure time can cause neurotoxicity. The mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by local anesthetics is unclear. Neurite outgrowth and apoptosis can be used to evaluate neurotoxic effects. Mouse neuroblastoma cells were induced to differentiate and generate neurites in the presence of local anesthetics. The culture medium was removed and replaced with serum-free medium plus 20 mu l combinations of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor containing tetracaine, prilocaine, lidocaine or procaine at concentrations of 1, 10, 25, or 100 mu l prior to neurite measurement. Cell viability, iNOS, eNOS and apoptosis were evaluated. Local anesthetics produced toxic effects by neurite inhibition at low concentrations and by apoptosis at high concentrations. There was an inverse relation between local anesthetic concentrations and cell viability. Comparison of different local anesthetics showed toxicity, as assessed by cell viability and apoptotic potency, in the following order: tetracaine > prilocaine > lidocaine > procaine. Procaine was the least neurotoxic local anesthetic and because it is short-acting, may be preferred for pain prevention during short procedures.