Browsing by Author "Babacanoglu, E"

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    Effect of maternal corticosterone on utilisation of residual yolk sac fatty acids by developing broiler embryo
    Yalçin, S; Bagdatlioglu, N; Babacanoglu, E
    1. Increased concentrations of maternal corticosterone are deposited into egg yolk under stress conditions. This experiment investigated the effect of maternal corticosterone on yolk and yolk sac fatty acid profiles of eggs and developing broiler embryos. 2. At 42 weeks of age, 200 broiler breeder females were randomly divided into two groups: maternal corticosterone (MC): 2 mg/hen/d of corticosterone dissolved in 1 mL of 99% ethanol and mixed in the individual daily feed for a 14 d period, and control: 1 mL of ethanol added to the individual daily feed. Hens were inseminated, and eggs were collected daily from d 3 of corticosterone feeding to d 14 and incubated. Fatty acid profiles of egg yolk and yolk sac were analysed before incubation and at 12, 14, 18 and 21 d of incubation. 3. Yolk corticosterone concentrations were greater in MC eggs. Before incubation, eggs from MC had lower DHA (22 : 6 n-3) but higher stearic (18 : 0) and dihomo-gamma linolenic (20 : 3 n-6 Cis 8,11,14) acid content compared with the control. 4. Higher concentrations of stearic (18 : 0), elaidic (18 : 1 tr n-9), eicosenoic (20 : 1 n-9), eicosadienoic (20 : 2 n-6), dihomo-gamma linoleic (20 : 3 n-6) and arachidonic (20 : 4 n-6) acids and lower concentrations of myristic (14 : 0), palmitoleic (16 : 1 n-7), linoleic (18 : 2 n-6) and DHA (22 : 6 n-3) were found at different periods of incubation in the residual yolk sac of MC than from controls. 5. The results suggest that the preferentially selective absorption of fatty acids is related to specific tissue requirements.
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    Acclimation to heat during incubation.: 1.: Embryonic morphological traits, blood biochemistry, and hatching performance
    Yalçin, S; Çabuk, M; Bruggeman, V; Babacanoglu, E; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Siegel, PB
    Eggs obtained from broiler breeders at 32 (young), 42 (middle aged), and 65 wk (old) were used to measure the effects of heat acclimation during incubation on morphological, physiological, and metabolic traits at internal pipping (IP) and at hatch. All eggs were from the same stock, and hatching performance was also evaluated. Eggs from each breeder age were incubated at control (CONT) or 38.5 degrees C for 6 h daily from d 10 to 18 of incubation (HA). On d 10 after heat exposure and on d 14, absolute and proportional weights were significantly lower for HA than CONT embryos. By the time of hatching, HA chicks were heavier than CONT chicks, which suggested accelerated growth. This effect was consistent across ages. Liver and heart weights were lower for HA than CONT chicks. At IP, pH was similar for HA and CONT embryos, whereas pO(2) and Na+ were significantly higher and pCO(2), HCO3-, and K+ significantly lower for HA than CONT embryos. Blood pH was higher in embryos from older than for younger and mid-aged parents at IP. At hatch there was no effect of heat acclimation for blood HCO3-, Na+, and K+ levels, whereas plasma triglyceride and T-3 levels were higher and plasma uric acid, glucose, and lipid peroxidation levels were lower for HA than CONT chicks. Embryonic mortality was similar among parental ages for CONT. In contrast for HA, embryonic mortality from older parents was higher than for younger and middle-aged parents. A delay in external pipping and hatching time with high incubation temperature was consistent across the breeder ages. It was concluded that lower blood pCO(2), HCO3-, K+, and higher pO(2) at IP stage, plus increased plasma triglyceride concentrations at hatch, indicate adaptive responses of embryos.
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    Acclimation to Heat During Incubation: 3. Body Weight, Cloacal Temperatures, and Blood Acid-Base Balance in Broilers Exposed to Daily High Temperatures
    Yalcin, S; Cabuk, M; Bruggeman, V; Babacanoglu, E; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Siegel, PB
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of parental age and heat acclimation during incubation on BW, cloacal temperature, and blood acid-base balance in fast-growing broilers exposed to daily cyclic high ambient temperatures from 21 to 42 d posthatch. Eggs obtained from 32- (younger), 42- (middle-aged), and 65-wk-old (older) breeders were divided into 2 groups. One group of eggs was incubated at the control incubation temperature (IT(CONT)) and the second group was heat acclimated at 38.5 degrees C for 6 h/d from d 10 to 18 of incubation (IT(HA)). Chicks were reared at standard brooding temperatures from d 1 to 21. From d 21 to 42, half of the broilers per incubation temperature and parental age were kept as controls (AT(CONT)) and the other half were exposed to daily cyclic heat treatment (AT(HIGH)) to impose a stress response. The reduction in BW at AT(HIGH) was more pronounced for progeny from older compared with younger parents. However, this reduction in BW was more or less abolished for broilers from eggs incubated at IT(HIGH), implying an increased tolerance to heat stress. Compared with IT(CONT), IT(HA) reduced BW of broilers from 32- and 42-wk-old parents while having no effect on those from 65-wk-old parents when reared at AT(CONT). Higher blood pH, and lower partial pressure CO(2) and HCO(3)(-) at AT(HIGH) were associated with greater cloacal temperatures throughout the heat stress from d 21 to 42. Increases in cloacal temperature by AT(HIGH) were greater for IT(CONT) than for IT(HA) broilers. The AT(HIGH) and IT(HA) broilers had lesser blood partial pressure CO2 concentrations than AT(CONT) and IT(CONT), respectively. Although at AT(HIGH), blood HCO(3)(-) was lower for broilers from all parental ages, it was more pronounced for those from 65-wk-old parents. It is concluded that these changes in blood acid-base balance reflected adaptive responses to heat stress, and incubating eggs at IT(HA) improved thermotolerance of fast-growing broilers.
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    Acclimation to heat during incubation.: 2.: Embryo composition and residual egg yolk sac fatty acid profiles in chicks
    Yalçin, S; Bagdatlioglu, N; Bruggeman, V; Babacanoglu, E; Uysal, I; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Siegel, PB
    The aim of the research was to evaluate embryo composition and changes in egg yolk fatty acid composition during embryonic development as a function of incubation temperature and age of breeders. Eggs obtained from a common breeder stock at 3 ages: 32 (younger), 42 (mid age), and 65 (older) wk were divided into 2 groups and placed into 2 incubators: the control and the second where eggs were heat-acclimated (HA) at 38.5 degrees C for 6 h daily from d 10 to 18 of incubation. Body composition of embryos and chicks were measured on d 14, 18, and at hatch, respectively. Fatty acid profiles of yolk and residual egg yolk sac of chicks were analyzed before incubation and at hatch, respectively. Moisture content of embryos was highest on d 14 and then decreased regardless of parental age and incubation temperature. Moisture content of chicks at hatch from 42-and 65-wk parents were lower than those of chicks from 32-wk parents, whereas the trend in chick fat content was opposite. Incubation temperature had no effect on composition of chicks. Consistently lower cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-eicosapentaenoic (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA; 22: 6n-3) and cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic (20: 3n-3) fatty acids in the residual yolk sac of chicks than in egg yolks before incubation may have resulted from preferential uptake from the yolk. The DHA content in the residual yolk sac was considerably higher in chicks from older parents incubated at HA, whereas, in contrast, levels of 18: 3n-3 were lower. Also, chicks from younger parents in the HA treatment had lower transported 18: 3n-3 and higher levels of transported DHA. It may be concluded that this process observed during the high incubation temperature may be related to a protective strategy and thus contributes to postnatal heat adaptation.