Browsing by Author "Bal, U"

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    A deep learning feature extraction-based hybrid approach for detecting pediatric pneumonia in chest X-ray images
    Bal, U; Bal, A; Moral, ÖT; Düzgün, F; Gurbuz, N
    Pneumonia is a disease caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi that settle in the alveolar sacs of the lungs and can lead to serious health complications in humans. Early detection of pneumonia is necessary for early treatment to manage and cure the disease. Recently, machine learning-based pneumonia detection methods have focused on pneumonia in adults. Machine learning relies on manual feature engineering, whereas deep learning can automatically detect and extract features from data. This study proposes a deep learning feature extraction-based hybrid approach that combines deep learning and machine learning to detect pediatric pneumonia, which is difficult to standardize. The proposed hybrid approach enhances the accuracy of detecting pediatric pneumonia and simplifies the approach by eliminating the requirement for advanced feature extraction. The experiments indicate that the hybrid approach using a Medium Neural Network based on AlexNet feature extraction achieved a 97.9% accuracy rate and 98.0% sensitivity rate. The results show that the proposed approach achieved higher accuracy rates than state-of-the-art approaches.
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    Noninvasive Hemoglobin Measurement Reduce Invasive Procedures in Thalassemia Patients
    Bicilioglu, Y; Bal, A; Yenigürbüz, FD; Ergonul, E; Geter, S; Kazanasmaz, H; Bal, U
    This study was conducted to investigate the agreement between laboratory hemoglobin (LabHb) measured in venous blood and noninvasive, spectrophotometric hemoglobin (SpHb) measurement and the usability of SpHb measurement in the transfusion decision-making in patients with thalassemia whose hemoglobin (Hb) was monitored by taking blood samples at frequent intervals and who were transfused. Cardiac pulse, oxygen saturation, Pleth variability index (PVI), and SpHb values were measured in patients who came to the hematology outpatient clinic for a control visit and whose Hb levels were planned to be measured. Venous blood samples were taken for LabHb measurement, which we accept as the gold standard. Cohen's kappa value was calculated for the agreement between SpHb measurements and LabHb values. The relationship and predictability between both measurement methods were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis, a modified Bland-Altman plot and the linear regression model. In the study conducted with a total of 110 children with thalassemia, a moderate level of agreement between the two measurement methods (kappa = 0.370, p < 0.0001) and a significantly high correlation between the two tests (r = 0.675) were found. The mean bias between the differences was found to be 0.3 g/dL (-1.27 to 1.86 g/dL). The sensitivity and the specificity of SpHb in identifying patients who needed transfusions (Hb <10.0 g/dL) were calculated as 92.2 and 57.1%, respectively. Our results suggest SpHb measurement may be used to screen anemia in hemodynamically stable hemoglobinopathy patients and even for transfusion decision-making with combination clinical findings.
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    The Determination of Absorption and Reduced Scattering Coefficients of Optical Phantoms Using a Frequency-Domain Multi-Distance Method in a Non-contact Manner
    Bal, U; Utzinger, U; Bal, A; Moral, OT
    A non-contact optical system has been designed to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of optical phantoms. The frequency-domain multi-distance method, which allows an estimation of optical properties in biological tissue uses the phase and intensity of radio frequency modulated light. The proposed design has been evaluated with optical phantoms. Estimated values for an absorption coefficient equal to 1 cm(-1) are 0.795, 0.690, 0.670 and 0.613 cm(-1) for wavelengths of 658 nm, 705 nm, 785 nm and 833 nm, respectively and for a reduced scattering coefficient equal to 22 cm(-1), the estimated values are 19.876, 18.845, 17.134 and 17.927 cm(-1). It has been concluded that this novel non-contact design can be used to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of optical phantoms. This system is the first step in medical equipment that may be used to measure absolute quantification of HbO, Hb, HbCO and HbMet concentrations in a contactless manner. Current oximeters with hemoglobin measurement capability require contact between the sensor and the skin. These oximeters have drawbacks when measuring child patients with asthma, bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia. Currently it is not possible to assess oxygenation in open wounds. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop a non-contact oximeter.