Browsing by Author "Bayrak, F"

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    SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL 1,2,3-TRIAZOLE-BRIDGED OXIME POLYURETHANES OBTAINED FROM AN ISOMANNIDE DERIVATIVE
    Bayrak, F; Oral, A; Ay, K
    Polyurethanes (PUs) are synthesized by the reaction of diisocyanates and diols and are widely used in furniture foams, thermal insulation, coatings, and adhesives. In this work, a 1,2,3-triazole-bridged dioxime (compound 6) as a diol source was synthesized from isomannide via tosylation, azidation, and cyclization-addition and used in the syntheses of new PUs. A new carbohydrate-based linear P-1 was synthesized by the reaction of 6 and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-HMDI). Besides, three new linear PUs (P-2, P-3, and P-4) were synthesized by the reaction of 6, isomannide compound (used in different molar ratios), and 1,6-HMDI. The thermal properties of the new PUs were determined by thermogravimetry (TG), their molecular structures were characterized by FTIR, H-1- and C-13-NMR, and the molecular weights of some polymers were determined by GPC/SEC. Additionally, the surface characteristics of the synthesized PUs were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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    Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole group-containing isomannide-based aromatic new polyurethanes
    Bayrak, F; Ay, E; Oral, A; Karayildirim, T; Ay, K
    Ten new carbohydrate-based aromatic polyurethanes have been synthesized using isomannide and/or a new 1,2,3-triazole isomannide derivative, IV, as the diol source in the polymerization reactions. As the isocyanate source, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate or 2,4-toluene diisocyanate was used. To synthesize compound IV, isomannide was tosylated, the tosyl groups were substituted with azide, the triazole ring was formed by reaction with 2,4-pentane dione and finally carbonyl groups were converted into oximes. The synthesis of copolymers and terpolymers was performed using different proportions of diisocyanate and diol sources in DMF. The structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds and polymers was performed using spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRMS. The thermal behaviour and molecular weight distribution of polymers were analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. The surface properties of the polymers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. A comparative study on thermal behaviour of the synthesized polymers showed that polymers containing a higher amount of compound IV displayed better thermal stability. The average molecular weights of copolymers were observed to vary from 7,900 (PUR-3) to 21,000 (PUR-4) whereas for terpolymers, values of 19,000 (PUR-5), 5,100 (PUR-6), 22,000 (PUR-8) and 28,000 (PUR-9) were found. The diisocyanate source was found to have more effect on the surface properties of polymers than the diol source: when 2,4-toluene diisocyanate was used in polymer synthesis, the resultant polymers had a spongy morphology with cavities while a polymer matrix containing spheres and platelets was obtained when 1,4-toluene diisocyanate was used.
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    Experimental study for the application of different cooling techniques in photovoltaic (PV) panels
    Bayrak, F; Oztop, HF; Selimefendigil, F
    This article contains the experimental investigations of different cooling methods used for photovoltaic (PV) panels. Phase change material (PCM), thermoelectric (FE) and aluminum fins were chosen as the cooling methods. The CaCl2 center dot 6H(2)O is chosen as one of the PCM which is widely used in the cooling of PVs and the other is the PCM with melting temperature above the surface temperature of the PV panel. By using TE material in different numbers (6, 8 and 12) and aluminum fins in different layouts, surface temperatures and output powers of PV panels were compared. It is observed that the PCM which is not chosen appropriately has insulation feature in the PV panel and enhances the temperature of the panel and decreases the output power. When the most successful cooling methods were tested under the same environmental conditions, PV with fin system produced the highest power generation of 47.88 W while PV with PCM and TEM produced the lowest power generation of 44.26 W.
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    Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
    Bago, B; Kovacs, M; Protzko, J; Nagy, T; Kekecs, Z; Palfi, B; Adamkovic, M; Adamus, S; Albalooshi, S; Albayrak-Aydemir, N; Alfian, IN; Alper, S; Alvarez-Solas, S; Alves, SG; Amaya, S; Andresen, PK; Anjum, G; Ansari, D; Arriaga, P; Aruta, JJBR; Arvanitis, A; Babincak, P; Barzykowski, K; Bashour, B; Baskin, E; Batalha, L; Batres, C; Bavolar, J; Bayrak, F; Becker, B; Becker, M; Belaus, A; Bialek, M; Bilancini, E; Boller, D; Boncinelli, L; Boudesseul, J; Brown, BT; Buchanan, EM; Butt, MM; Calvillo, DP; Carnes, NC; Celniker, JB; Chartier, CR; Chopik, WJ; Chotikavan, P; Chuan-Peng, H; Clancy, RF; Çoker, O; Correia, RC; Adoric, VC; Cubillas, CP; Czoschke, S; Daryani, Y; de Grefte, JAM; de Vries, WC; Burak, EGD; Dias, C; Dixson, BJW; Du, XK; Dumancic, F; Dumbrava, A; Dutra, NB; Enachescu, J; Esteban-Serna, C; Eudave, L; Evans, TR; Feldman, G; Felisberti, FM; Fiedler, S; Findor, A; Fleischmann, A; Foroni, F; Francová, R; Frank, DA; Fu, CHY; Gao, S; Ghasemi, O; Ghazi-Noori, AR; Ghossainy, ME; Giammusso, I; Gill, T; Gjoneska, B; Gollwitzer, M; Graton, A; Grinberg, M; Groyecka-Bernard, A; Harris, EA; Hartanto, A; Hassan, WANM; Hatami, J; Heimark, KR; Hidding, JJJ; Hristova, E; Hruska, M; Hudson, CA; Huskey, R; Ikeda, A; Inbar, Y; Ingram, GPD; Isler, O; Isloi, C; Iyer, A; Jaeger, B; Janssen, SMJ; Jiménez-Leal, W; Jokic, B; Kacmár, P; Kadreva, V; Kaminski, G; Karimi-Malekabadi, F; Kasper, ATA; Kendrick, KM; Kennedy, BJ; Kocalar, HE; Kodapanakkal, RI; Kowal, M; Kruse, E; Kucerová, L; Kühberger, A; Kuzminska, AO; Lalot, F; Lamm, C; Lammers, J; Lange, EB; Lantian, A; Lau, IYM; Lazarevic, LB; Leliveld, MC; Lenz, JN; Levitan, CA; Lewis, SC; Li, MY; Li, YS; Li, HZ; Lima, TJS; Lins, S; Liuzza, MT; Lopes, P; Lu, JCG; Lynds, T; Mácel, M; Mackinnon, SP; Maganti, M; Magraw-Mickelson, Z; Magson, LF; Manley, H; Marcu, GM; Sersic, DM; Matibag, CJ; Mattiassi, ADA; Mazidi, M; McFall, JP; McLatchie, N; Mensink, MC; Miketta, L; Milfont, TL; Mirisola, A; Misiak, M; Mitkidis, P; Moeini-Jazani, M; Monajem, A; Moreau, D; Musser, ED; Narhetali, E; Ochoa, DP; Olsen, J; Owsley, NC; Özdogru, AA; Panning, M; Papadatou-Pastou, M; Parashar, N; Pärnamets, P; Paruzel-Czachura, M; Parzuchowski, M; Paterlini, JV; Pavlacic, JM; Peker, M; Peters, K; Piatnitckaia, L; Pinto, I; Policarpio, MR; Pop-Jordanova, N; Pratama, AJ; Primbs, MA; Pronizius, E; Puric, D; Puvia, E; Qamari, V; Qian, K; Quiamzade, A; Ráczová, B; Reinero, DA; Reips, UD; Reyna, C; Reynolds, K; Ribeiro, MFF; Röer, JP; Ross, RM; Roussos, P; Ruiz-Dodobara, F; Ruiz-Fernandez, S; Rutjens, BT; Rybus, K; Samekin, A; Santos, AC; Say, N; Schild, C; Schmidt, K; Scigala, KA; Sharifian, M; Shi, JX; Shi, YX; Sievers, E; Sirota, M; Slipenkyj, M; Solak, C; Sorokowska, A; Sorokowski, P; Söylemez, S; Steffens, NK; Stephen, ID; Sternisko, A; Stevens-Wilson, L; Stewart, SLK; Stieger, S; Storage, D; Strube, J; Susa, KJ; Szekely-Copîndean, RD; Szostak, NM; Takwin, B; Tatachari, S; Thomas, AG; Tiede, KE; Tiong, LE; Tonkovic, M; Trémolière, B; Tunstead, LV; Türkan, BN; Twardawski, M; Vadillo, MA; Vally, Z; Vaughn, LA; Verschuere, B; Vlasicek, D; Voracek, M; Vranka, MA; Wang, SZ; West, SL; Whyte, S; Wilton, LS; Wlodarczyk, A; Wu, X; Xin, F; Yadanar, S; Yama, H; Yamada, Y; Yilmaz, O; Yoon, S; Young, DM; Zakharov, I; Zein, RA; Zettler, I; Zezelj, IL; Zhang, DC; Zhang, J; Zheng, XX; Hoekstra, R; Aczel, B
    The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation.
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    Experimental analysis and dynamic modeling of a photovoltaic module with porous fins
    Selimefendigil, F; Bayrak, F; Oztop, HF
    In this study, experimental analysis and performance predictions of solar photovoltaic (PV) module equipped with porous fins were performed. The experimental setup was tested in Technology Faculty of Firat University, Elazig of Turkey which is located at 36 and 42 North latitudes. The PV module was oriented facing south and tilted to an angle of 36 with respect to the horizontal in order to maximize the solar radiation incident on the glass cover. Experimental analysis was conducted for configurations where PV module is equipped with porous metal foams. A multi-input multi-output dynamic system based on artificial neural networks was obtained for the PV configuration with and without fin by using the measured data (ambient temperature, PV panels back surface temperatures, current, voltage, radiation and wind velocity) from the experimental test rig. It was observed that adding porous fins to the PV module results in performance enhancements. The developed mathematical model based on dynamic neural networks can be used for further development and performance predictions of these systems. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of different fin parameters on temperature and efficiency for cooling of photovoltaic panels under natural convection
    Bayrak, F; Oztop, HF; Selimefendigil, F
    The photovoltaic panels are one of the most efficient energy systems that generate electricity by absorbing the solar radiation. Nevertheless, when the sun's rays are converted to electricity, a high amount of waste heat is generated. Therefore, the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels needs to be studied to minimize the amount of waste heat. There is a non-linear relationship between the temperature, the current and the voltage values produced by the PV panels. In the present study, the performance of 75 W PV panels with polycrystalline cell structure under Elazig, Turkey climatic conditions were experimentally investigated. The system performances such as temperature, power and efficiencies were analyzed by applying different fin parameters (length, sequences) to PV panels. The aluminum fins were applied with 10 different configurations as given by A1-A10. The cell temperatures, output powers, power loss ratios and energy-exergy efficiencies were calculated based on measurements of the experimental study. It was observed that the temperature did not distributed homogeneously on the PV panel. In terms of the efficiency, the fins are designed as staggered array and the 7 cm x 20 cm dimensions showed the best results. The highest energy and exergy efficiencies values of the finned panels (A5) were calculated as 11.55%, and 10.91%, respectively.