Browsing by Author "Bilaç, Ö"
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Item Who predict ADHD with better diagnostic accuracy?: Parents or teachers?Tahillioglu, A; Bilaç, Ö; Uysal, T; Ercan, ESObjective The objectives of the study were to determine which parents or teachers predict attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) better in children and adolescents, and to detect both diagnostical and symptomatological agreement levels across informant reports. Method A total of 417 cases aged 6-14 from a non-referred community sample were assessed by a semi-structured interview, parent- and teacher-rated ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Also, impairment criteria were taken into account to ensure the gold standard diagnosis for ADHD. The measures of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated in each categorical sample. Besides, the agreement between parent and teacher reports of ADHD was investigated. Results Parents and teachers had similar diagnostic accuracy for predicting ADHD. Both parents and teachers predicted ADHD in similar accuracy in both boys and girls, separately. However, girls were found to be more predictable by both parents and teachers compared to boys. Parents with lower education levels had worse diagnostic accuracy than both parents with higher education levels and teachers. Low to moderate agreement and correlations between parent and teacher ADHD reports were detected. Conclusion In general, parents and teachers seem to predict ADHD in similar accuracy. Nevertheless, child gender and parental education level may alter the predictability power for ADHD. The findings can guide for clinicians that how to evaluate observation reports of parents and teachers to make accurate ADHD diagnosis in patients.Item Diurnal Enuresis Secondary to Aripiprazole in a Child with Autistic Disorder: A Case ReportBilaç, Ö; Tahillioglu, A; Uzun, AD; Önder, AItem A clinical and sociodemographic evaluation of youths with substance use disorders in a child and adolescent inpatient unit of mental health hospitalBilaç, Ö; Kavurma, C; Önder, A; Dogan, Y; Uzunoglu, G; Ozan, EObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical data of substance users who were intreatment in Mental Health Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Department. Method: Medical records of substance user patients treated between 2014 and 2017 in Inpatient Child Psychiatry Unit of Mental Health Hospital were examined retrospectively. SPSS 20.00 Statistical Package Program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-two substance user child and youth had been treated. The median age of cases was 15,4 (SD +/- 1,4), the onset age of substance use was 13,1 (SD +/- 1,4). 68,5% of these case is male gender and 31,5% is female. The most common substance used is marijuana and extacy (62%), the substance user youth have met with the substance around friends (90,2%). Living conditions were found to be lower socioeconomic level (50%). Discussion: According to our clinic results, substance use is an important problem affecting youths, especially at lower socioeconomic level and male adolescents. Our study represents only the clinical sample, so there is a need for more community-based epidemiological studies.Item Quality of life in children with dermatological diseasesBilaç, C; Bilaç, Ö; Öztürkcan, SQuality of life is a multidimensional measure that, besides personal health status, reflects personal well-being as well. A number of quality of life scales for children and adolescents have been developed. The measurement of quality of life in children is different from measuring quality of life of adults. Knowledge of the this difference related to child development stages is important for researchers who improve and use the quality of life scales. Most studied have been performed on the quality of life in children with dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, as well as alopecia areata, dermatomyositis, ectodermal dysplasia, photosensitivity disorders, molluscum contagiosum, neurofibromatosis, and vitiligo. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the quality of life in children with dermatologic diseases.Item Do We Learn to Internalize Stigma from Our Parents? Comparison of Internalized Stigmatization in Adolescents Diagnosed with ADHD and Their ParentsDikeç, G; Bilaç, Ö; Kardelen, C; Sapmaz, SYThis study compared internalized stigmatization levels of adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with those of their parents. The study's data were collected from 107 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and their parents between July 2020 and March 2021. The adolescents were followed up in the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic of a university hospital in western Turkey. The information forms for adolescents and parents, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale-Adolescent Form (ISMI-AF) and the Parental Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (PISMI), were used to collect the data. There was no statistically significant difference between the total scores of internalized stigma and subscale mean scores of the adolescents and their parents (p > 0.05); only the subscale scores for stereotype endorsement were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). PISMI scores affected ISMI-AF scores, which can be interpreted as parents' perspectives and attitudes toward stigmatization affecting adolescents. For ADHD, whose frequency is increasing daily, intervention studies should be conducted to reduce adolescents' and parents' internalized stigma and to enhance the educational outcomes of adolescents.Item Which factors affect internalized stigmatization in adolescents with mental disorders?Dikeç, G; Bilaç, Ö; Kardelen, C; Sapmaz, SY; Kandemir, HPurpose: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the factors affecting internalized stigmatization of adolescents with mental disorders. Method: The study data were collected in a university hospital between August 1, 2020 and July 30, 2021 (n = 123), using a Personal information form and the Internalized Stigmatization of Mental Illness-Adolescent Form (ISMI-AF). Results: Gender and the number of hospitalizations were determined to be independent variables with explanatory power in the ISMI-AF, and in the model created with these variables, it was determined that these variables explained 18% of the change in the total points of the ISMI-AF. Conclusions: It could be recommended that psychosocial programs are developed with the aim of decreasing internalized stigmatization and increasing the psychological resilience of adolescents.Item The determination of parent attitude and childhood trauma in adolescent pushed into crimeBeser, NG; Arabaci, LB; Uzunoglu, G; Bilaç, Ö; Ozan, EObjective: This study was conducted to determine parent attitude and childhood traumas of adolescents pushed into crime who came to the policlinic of child and adolescent psychiatry for judicial evaluation. Method: Of this descriptive cross-sectional study sample was included 45 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years, came with their parents to the psychiatric outpatient clinic of child, pushed into crime. Data were collected with Introductory Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Parents Attitude Research Instrument Scale. To evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney-U, Kruskal Wallis Variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results: 84.4 % of adolescent who joined the research were 15-17 age, 60.0% of them were male and 57.8% of them were not unable to continue schooling. The mean of trauma questionnaire of adolescent was found 54.42 +/- 7.53 (middle). It was found that sexual abuse's median points of adolescent who were unable to continue schooling, had a poor commination with father, and physical abuse's median points of adolescent who lived with their family, and physical neglect's median points of adolescent who graduated from primary school, and emotional abuse's median points of adolescent whose father showed irrelevant attitude, and emotional neglects' median points of adolescent who have three or more sisters/brothers, whose mothers showed unbalanced and inconsistent attitude were higher than other's significantly (p<0.05). Discussion: Adolescent who pushed into crime experienced middle level childhood trauma. The repressive-irrelevant parental attitude, unable to continue schooling, poor communication with the father, being in the crowded family, having psychiatric diagnosis from childhood are predictors of childhood mental trauma.Item Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Self Report Form (WFIRS-S-TR)Yalin-Sapmaz, S; Ergin, D; Sen-Celasin, N; Bilaç, Ö; Öztürk, M; Karaarslan, D; Tarakçioglu, MC; Aydemir, ÖObjective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the WFIRS-S-TR, Turkish version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Self Report form. Method: The study comprised two groups of participants of 15-18 years of age, one consisting of 35 children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperativity disorder (ADHD) based on the DSM-IV criteria and the other, 510 healthy volunteers attending high school. Apart from the WFIRS-S-TR, the Health Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KIDSCREEN-10 Index) which is a general quality of life and functionality measurement instrument, was used to check the concurrent validity of the WFIRS-S-TR. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.939. The test-retest reliability assessed by repeated measurements two weeks apart gave a high correlation between the results (r=0.804, p<0.0001). Total mean score of the WFIRS-S-TR showed significant correlation with the KIDSCREEN-10 Index total mean score (r=-0.467, p<0.0001). Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out for the construct validity of the WFIRS-S-TR. The RMSEA and the CFI values were found to be 0.065 and 0.68, respectively. Conclusion: The WFIRS-S-TR can be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.Item Validity and reliability of the internalized stigma of Mental Illness Scale-Adolescent FormDikeç, G; Bilaç, Ö; Uzunoglu, G; Ozan, EPurpose: The goal of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale-Adolescent Form (ISMI-AF). Methods: A total of 145 adolescents (12-18 years of age) who were diagnosed with at least one mental disorder according to DSM-5-TR participated in the study. Data were collected at a mental health hospital between October 2017 and 2019 using a sociodemographic information form, the ISMI-AF, and Beliefs towards Mental Illness (BMI) Scale. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha, Split-Half, Spearman-Brown, Hotelling T-2 test) and validity analyses of the ISMI-AF were performed. SPSS 26.0 and LISREL 8.80 software were used for statistical analyses. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for total score was .88, Split-Half score was .84, and the Spearman-Brown factor score was .85. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale confirmed to the five-factor structure in adolescents, but factor loadings and reliability coefficients were low in the stigma resistance subscale. There was a positive and weak correlation between ISMI-AF and BMI (r = .37, p = .00). Conclusion: The ISMI-AF is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in adolescents. This scale can help psychiatric nurses who work in this field identify and address internalized stigma, which is one of the key factors affecting adherence to treatment, especially in adolescents.Item Analysis of Substance Use and Mental Disorder Diagnoses in Adolescents with a History of Delinquency: a Cross-sectional StudyArabaci, LB; Dikeç, G; Soylu, GT; Bilaç, Ö; Uzunoglu, G; Dagli, DAThis study aimed to evaluate substance use and comorbid mental disorders in delinquent adolescents presenting to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. This study included 47 adolescents aged 15-18 years and had a history of delinquency. Data were collected using the Addiction Profile Index Adolescent Form (API-A) and an information form. Results indicated that the adolescents' mean age is 16.11 +/- 1.05 years, 78.7% had committed crimes against property and 34.0% against the person, and 34.0% were also victims of crime. Mean API-A total scores indicated that their level of substance use was low. In addition, mean API-A total scores showed significant differences according to the adolescents' migration status, age, economic status, school attendance, mental disorder diagnosis, duration of mental disorder, and type of offense (p < 0.05). The benefit provided by timely and appropriate psychosocial interventions may have a key role in solving this problem for adolescents and improving their future as adults.Item Is There a Significant Deterioration in Blood Lipid Levels of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Conduct Disorder?Bilaç, Ö; Akyol, CK; Tahillioglu, A; Sapmaz, SY; Kandemir, H; Ercan, ESConduct disorder (CD) is diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and presents itself through a persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. It affects not only the individual and family but also the society negatively. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be defined as a precursor of CD. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between serum cholesterol and ADHD. The associations between serum lipid levels and antisocial personality disorder (APD), which often develops after CD, have also been demonstrated. To our knowledge this study is the first to examine the relationship between cholesterol levels and conduct disorder as a diagnosis. For this study the files of the patients who were examined between December 2017 and December 2019 were scrutinized to determine patients with CD. Results revealed that there were 45 patients with CD without a comorbid disease, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Fasting serum total cholesterol (T-Chol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in blood tests of these 45 patients and age- and gender-matched 45 healthy children and adolescents, were compared. As a result of these, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were found to be lower in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of CD (p = <.001). The results of our study indicates that serum lipid levels may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of CD. More studies examining biochemical markers are necessary to develop more appropriate treatments for CD. As far as we are concerned, our study will shed light on new researches regarding the etiology of CD, which is an important childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorder.Item Factors Affecting Colchicine Adherence in Pediatric Familial Mediterranean FeverÖnder, ENA; Ensari, E; Bilaç, Ö; Ertan, PAim: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most frequent monogenetic autoinflammatory disorder. It is characterized by fever and serositis. The first line treatment of FMF is colchicine. Adherence to colchicine is one of the main factors affecting colchicine response. In this study, we aimed to evaluate drug adherence in children with FMF using the medication adherence scale in FMF (MASIF). We also assessed the clinical characteristics of drug-adherent patients and factors affecting drug adherence. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two children with FMF under colchicine therapy were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The patients were divided into two groups according to medication adherence and compared according to their demographic and clinical data. Results: According to MASIF, 31 (38%) patients had non-adherence to colchicine. There was a significant difference between the colchicine-adherent and non-adherent groups in terms of age, disease severity according to the International severity score for FMF, attack rate, colchicine dosage, M694V homozygosity, and family type (p=0.005, p=0.04, p=0.025, p=0.045, p=0.04, and p=0.046, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with FMF should be questioned about their medication adherence at every visit, and children with a high risk of colchicine non-adherence should be followed up more closely.Item Evaluation of the parental attitudes, parental competency and attachment styles of the mothers of the children at pre-school period who were admitted to child psychiatryBilaç, Ö; Önder, A; Kavurma, C; Dogan, Y; Uzunoglu, G; Isildar, Y; Sapmaz, SYObjective: In this study we aimed to evaluate attitudes, attachment styles to their husbands and competence perceptions of the mothers towards their children's problems whose children were at pre-school period with no cognitive developmental delay. Method: Fourty children and their mothers were included into the study. The children were chosen among those who were aged between 0-72 months and had no developmental delay which was found out as a result of developmental test. As the control group, another 40 children and their mothers were included into the study. Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES-TR) and Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) were handed out to mothers in both groups. Finally, Experiences in Close Relationship Revised (ECC-R) was applied to mothers of both groups. SPSS20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: According to CAPES-TR results, emotional, behavioural and social problems in the group that were admitted to psychiatry clinic were higher than control group (p<0.05). According to same scale, mothers' self-confidence was found significantly lower (p<0.05). According to PARI results, the score of the group that applied to clinic for over-motherhood reasons was found higher (p<0.05). Likewise, authoritative attitude score was found higher in patient group (p<0.05). Discussion: The results of this study share similarities with other studies which found out that parental child-rearing attitude presents a risk factor for behavioural problems among children.Item Clinical Practices and Experiences about Screen Time: From the Perspective of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists in Turkey - An Online SurveyÇakir, ADU; Çakir, B; Bilaç, Ö; Sapmaz, SY; Kandemir, HBackground: Both mental and physical preventable health problems related to screen time (ST) in children and adolescents are increasing. It is important that psychiatrists have awareness to prevent problems in this area. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the child psychiatrists' awareness about ST, their interventions for ST, and to what extent the recommendations of the associations are implemented. Method: All child and adolescent psychiatrists in the country who could be reached via smartphone were invited to participate in the study. Child and adolescent psychiatrists were included regardless of whether they had attended any ST courses/panels. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. A total of 302 physicians volunteered for the study. Results: It was determined that very few child and adolescent psychiatrists had attended an ST course/training in the past or followed any guidelines. A statistically significant difference was found between physicians who received training/courses and those who did not in terms of informing patients and offering interventions (p<0.05). Similarly, a significant difference was found between those who followed the guidelines and those who did not. Conclusion: Raising awareness, increasing psychiatrist participation in trainings, and following guidelines can increase the effectiveness of ST interventions, in order to achieve good results.Item Perceptions and Experiences of Adolescents with Mental Disorders and Their Parents about Psychotropic Medications in Turkey: A Qualitative StudyDikec, G; Kardelen, C; González, LP; Mohammadzadeh, M; Bilaç, Ö; Stock, CThis descriptive phenomenological study aimed to evaluate the perception and experiences of adolescents with mental disorders and their parents about the use of and adherence to psychotropic medications. A total of 12 semi-structured interviews with adolescents between the ages of 12 to 18 who were attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic for children and adolescents and 12 interviews with parents were conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 in Manisa, Turkey. Colaizzi's phenomenological interpretation method was used for the analysis of the participants' statements. Our study highlights the main positive effects of psychotropic medication and barriers to medication intake and adherence. Positive effects included symptom management and health improvement. Barriers varied from those directly linked to medication effects (e.g., negative side effects or lack of perceived effect) to personal barriers (e.g., forgetting to take medication or feelings of not being oneself due to medication intake) and societal barriers. In general, the barriers were reflected in concerns related to long-term consequences, such as medication dependence, and in concerns about diminished life prospects. Possible recommendations to improve the use of and adherence to psychotropic medication among adolescents include educating adolescents and parents not only about treatment options but also about mental disorders.Item The relationship between physical restraint and the diagnosis and drug use in the patients receiving inpatient treatment in a child and adolescent psychiatry clinicÖnder, A; Sürer Adanir, A; Kavurma, C; Bilaç, Ö; Bölük Uzunoglu, G; Yalin Sapmaz, S; Gizli Çoban, ÖObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics such as the diagnosis and medication of the physically restrained patients in our inpatient unit, which is one of the few inpatient units for children and adolescents in Turkey, and the effect of the physical restraint on the treatment of them. Methods: The medical records of 102 inpatients treated in our mental health hospital during the year 2016 had been retrospectively reviewed. Patients who were restrained at least once during the hospitalization period were compared with patients who were not, in terms of diagnosis, medication, presence of comorbidity, duration of hospitalization and the way of discharge. Results: Comparing the groups that were restrained and not restrained, it was found that multiple drug use was more common in the restrained group. The use of antipsychotics, anxiolytics and mood stabilizer drugs and haloperidol-biperiden injections were found to be significantly higher in the restrained group. The rate of multiple psychiatric diagnoses was significantly higher and major depression, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder and self-injurious behaviors were more frequent in the restrained group. Although the duration of hospitalization for both groups was similar, discharge with the request of the family or caregivers before the end of treatment was more frequent in the restrained group. Clinical global improvement scores were lower in the restrained group. Discussion: There are many differences in terms of diagnosis, medication and the way of discharge between the restrained and non-restrained groups. More strategies are needed to reduce the restriction rates.Item DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale Validity and Reliability of Turkish Form (Form for Children Aged 11-17 Years and Parent Form for Children Aged 6-17 Years)Özek Erkuran, H; Yalin Sapmaz, S; Herdem, A; Öztürk, M; Bilaç, Ö; Önen, Ö; Uzel Tanriverdi, B; Köröglu, E; Aydemir, ÖIntroduction: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale. Method: The scale was prepared by translation and back translation of DSM-S Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale. Study groups consisted of a clinical sample that contained cases that had sleep related problems and treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and also a community sample. In the assessment process, child and parent forms of DSM-S Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale and also Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Turkish version (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. As for reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient and item-total score correlation analysis, test-retest reliability; and for validity analyses, explanatory factor analysis and for concurrent validity, correlation analyses with Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Turkish version (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were made. Results: In reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient values were found to be very highly reliable regarding child and parent forms. Item-total score correlation coefficients were high for child form while medium and high for parent form; indicating a statistical significance. As for construct validity, two factors were maintained that would count for 74.1% of the variance in child form and 66.9% of the variance in parent form. It was seen that positive and negative statements weighed on two different factors. As for concurrent validity, child and parent form of the scale showed significant correlation with Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Turkish version (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusion: It was found that Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.Item The Eating Attitudes, Sleep and Personality Characteristics, and Effects of on Acne Severity in Adolescents with Acne VulgarisBilaç, Ö; Bilaç, C; Tahillioglu, A; Uzun, AD; Dilcan, M; Önder, A; Kavurma, C; Uzunoglu, GBackground: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a very common dermatological problem during adolescence. It is reported that it has a multifactorial etiology and nutritional attitudes, insufficient and poor-quality sleep may cause increased severity of AV. Aim: We aimed to investigate the sleep, eating attitudes and personality traits, and their effects on acne severity in adolescents with acne. Methods: The study sample was formed of 37 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years who presented at the University Dermatology Clinic and were diagnosed with AV and 37 adolescents without AV-matched age and gender. Eating attitude test, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) Personality Inventory Child Form, and child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders were applied to in both groups. The AV severity assessed by using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS). Psychiatric diagnosis was excluded with clinical interview according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children: Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Results: The mean age of adolescents with and without AV was 15.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7), 15.4 (SD = 1.8), respectively. The mean disease duration of adolescents with AV was 20.4 (SD = 15.2) months, and the mean GAGS score was 23.24 (SD = 9.4). It was determined that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics of adolescents were similar in both groups. Eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics had no direct effect on acne severity. Conclusion: Although this study demonstrates that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics were similar in adolescents with and without AV and these variables had no effect on acne severity, these results may have been obtained because of the severity scores of adolescents with AV were moderate. There is a need for researches examining these variables in adolescents with severe AV.Item Maternal Attitudes, Irritability, Problem Solving Skills and Decision Making in Adolescents with Substance Use: Case-control StudyBilaç, Ö; Önder, A; Kavurma, C; Eslek, A; Uzunoglu, G; Sapmaz, SY; Kandemir, HObjective: Multiple risk factors affect the emergence of substance use disorders among adolescents and their families. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of irritability, problem solving, decision making skills and maternal attitudes on the severity of the substance use have not been evaluated on the same population. We aimed to evaluate the presence and the effects all of these variables on the severity of substance dependence. Method: The study included 40 adolescents, between 14 and 17 years of age, consulting the Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinics with complaints of substance use and 40 age and gender matched healthy controls. The diagnoses were based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Both groups completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI), the Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire (ADMOJ, the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) and the DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale. The patient group were also tested on the Addiction Profile Index for Adolescents (API-AF). Results: Problem solving skills scores of the patients were lower and the scores on the irritability scale completed by the patients and their parents were higher as compared to the control group. Complacency (indifference) in decision-making predicted the severity of the addiction. As the complacency in decision-making increased, the severity of addiction also increased. Conclusion: Our results indicated that problem solving and decision-making skills and irritability levels of the adolescents together with the family attitudes, affect substance use disorder in adolescence. These variables should be considered in preventive and therapeutic approaches.Item Is There Any Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders?Bilaç, Ö; Tahillioglu, A; Çakir, B; Kavurma, C; Önder, A; Ercan, ESObjective: We aimed to investigate the risk of antipsychotic drug treatment in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents and to determine which psychiatric disorder is more associated with MetS in the pediatric population. Methods: The sample consisted of 118 children and adolescents (88 used psychotropic medication). The hemogram, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, weight, and blood pressure levels of all the participants and information regarding medication doses of the patient group at the sixth month of the treatment process were obtained. Results: Bipolar disorder (BPD) was the only psychiatric disorder associated with MetS. Quetiapine and valproic acid were found to have increasing effects on MetS. Weight gain and the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased the likelihood of MetS. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that quetiapine increased the risk of MetS through weight gain, and valproic acid increased MetS risk through systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Especially BPD and psychotropic use in children and adolescents disrupt metabolic regulation and pose a risk for MetS. Determining the risk factors causing MetS, especially in children and adolescents, plays a significant role in preventing mortality and morbidity at advanced ages.