Browsing by Author "Candan F."
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Item Effects of a fungicide on the morphology and viability of pollens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.)(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2009) Çali I.O.; Candan F.Effects of Agri Fos 400 (Mono and di-potassium phosphanate), a fungicide widely used on tomatoes grown in greenhouses in Turkey against Phytophthora infestans were studied on the morphology and viability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) pollens. The fungicide was applied on tomato plants at recommended dosage (4 ml/1 water) and double the recommended dosage (8 ml/1 water). The fungicide caused changes in the morphological structures of pollens. Some pollen morphological structures that are not observed in the control group were encountered in the pollens due to application of Agri Fos 400 in equatorial view at 8 ml/1 and in polar view at 4 ml/1. Level of pollen viability decreased as the dosage increased.Item A geometrical optimization problem associated with, fruits of poppy flower(Association for Scientific Research, 2009) Deger G.; Pakdemirli M.; Candan F.Inspired from the poppy fruit (Papaver rhoeas L.), a geometrical, optimization problem is posed. The aim is to minimize the surface area for a given, volume. The poppy fruit geometry is selected as the optimization geometry. The, mathematical problem is solved using calculus. The optimum solutions obtained from, mathematical model are contrasted with measurements of the fruit. A good agreement, with difference in areas less than 1% in most of the cases is observed between the, results.Item Ecological properties of some Crocus taxa in Turkey(2009) Şik L.; Candan F.In this study, ecological properties of the areas where some Crocus taxa (C. ancyrensis, C. sieheanus, C. chrysanthus, C. flavus subsp. flavus, and C. flavus subsp. dissectus) grow naturally was considered. The plants together with in situ soil samples were collected in their flowering periods and data on the distribution areas of the plants and some physical and chemical properties of soil samples were determined. In conclusion, the properties of the new distribution areas for the taxa have been presented and it has been observed that taxa usually grow in light alkali, non-salted, clayey-loamy soils. © 2009 Academic Journals.Item The effect of fungicide application on pollen structure in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plant(2009) Çali I.Ö.; Candan F.The aim of the study was to investigate effect of Agri Fos 400 (400 g/L Mono and di-potassium phosphanate) which is a fungicide widely used on tomatoes grown in greenhouse on pollen structure of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The fungicide was applied to tomatoes at recommended dosage (400 mL/100 L tap water) by the manufacturing company. Measurements of pollen width-length, pore-crevice width-length and exine-intine layer thicknesses were made using a micrometric ocular. A reduction was observed in the values of fungicide group except for intine layer thickness when compared to the control. On the other hand, the fungicide caused changes on the surface layer of pollen. Papillae seen on the surface layer of pollen was damaged in the fungicide group.Item Chromosome numbers of two Colchicum L. species, C. burttii and C. balansae, from Turkey(2009) Şik L.; Kesercioǧlu T.; Candan F.Chromosome numbers and morphologies for Colchicum burttii Meikle and Colchicum balansae Planchon showing distribution in western Anatolia were studied. Squashing preparation method was used. The chromosome counting and morphologies of the species were determined by examining the mitosis prepared from root tips of plants. Chromosome number of C. burttii is 2n = 60 + 2B, showing that this species is hexaploid (x = 10). On the other hand, chromosome number of C. balansae is found as 2n = 90. Formerly, chromosome number of this species was reported as 2n = 32, 54 and 108. In conclusion, chromosome number of the sample obtained with this investigation is different from previous studies. 2n = 90 chromosome number is a basic polyploid (hexaploid) with x2 = 15 (15*6 = 90), involving the summation of the primary basic numbers, 7 and 8. © 2009 Academic Journals.Item Cytotaxonomical studies on some Crocus L. taxa in Turkey(2009) Candan F.; Şik L.; Kesercioǧlu T.The present study investigated the chromosome number and morphology of Crocus fleischeri Gay, C. pallasii Goldb subsp. pallasii, C. cancellatus Herbert subsp. lycius Mathew, C. pulchellus Herbert which are all belong to the Crocus L. taxa showing distribution in Western Anatolia in Turkey. Powder preparation was used as study method. Chromosome numbers and morphologies of the taxa were determined by examining the mitosis preparations. Furthermore, karyograms of taxa studied were made and examined in a detailed manner. In this study, it was found that the chromosome numbers of C. fleischeri, C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, C. cancellatus subsp. lycius and C. pulchellus were 2n = 20, 2n = 14, 2n = 16 and 2n = 12, respectively. © 2009 Academic Journals.Item Micromorphological investigations on pollen samples of four yellow flowered taxa of Crocus L. (Iridaceae) from Turkey(2009) Candan F.; Kesercioǧlu T.; Şik L.In this study, yellow flowered taxa of C. ancyrensis (Herbert) Maw, C. sieheanus Barr ex Burtt, C. flavus Weston subsp. flavus and C. flavus subsp. dissectus T. Baytop & Mathew were examined in the point of pollen micromorphology. Accordingly, it was aimed that pollen micromorphological characteristics of the plant samples could be used as a taxonomic criterion considerably or not. In respect to that purpose, exine structure of pollens as regards samples was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). On the other hand, differences between taxa were evaluated. As a result of that investigation, pollen exine ornamentation related to studied four taxa of Crocus L. genus were observed different to some extent and could be used as vice for taxonomic characteristics.Item The effect of activator application on the anatomy, morphology, and viability of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. pollen; [Aktivatör uygulamasının Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. poleninin anatomisi, morfolojisi ve canlılıǧı üzerine etkileri](Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, 2010) Öztürk Çali I.; Candan F.The present study examined the effect of ACT-2, a K-vitamin group activator intensively applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), on the anatomy, morphology, and viability of tomato pollen from plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The activator was applied to tomatoes at the recommended dosage (150 cc/100 L of tap water) and double the recommended dosage (300 cc/100 L of tap water). Pollen width and length, exine and intine layer thickness, pore width and length, and crevice width and length were measured using an ocular micrometer. Reductions were observed in all the measured parameters in all application groups, except for pollen width and length values at the 150 cc/100 L dosage, as compared to the control group. The viability of the pollen, as determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, decreased in all the application groups as the dosage increased, as compared to the control group, and the toxic effect became more evident at the 300 cc/100 L dosage. In particular, non-viable pollen types, such as wrinkled pollen and abnormally shaped pollen, were observed in the fungicide groups. Additionally, the activator caused changes in the morphological structure of the tomato pollen. The morphological structures of some pollen, such as subprolate and suboblate, which were not observed in the control group, were seen in pollen in the polar view at the 150 cc/100 L ACT-2 dosage. © TÜBİTAK.Item Strength of wheat and barley stems and design of new beam/columns(2010) Deǧer G.; Pakdemirli M.; Candan F.; Akgün S.; Boyaci H.In this study, physical and mechanical properties of wheat and barley stems are examined. Transverse sections of the stems are magnified by a microscope and the material structure in the transverse sections are analysed with image processing programs. Geometric properties such as inner, outer radius, stem wall thickness and density variation of the material along the radius are measured and density variations are approximated by a mathematical model. Moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area which plays a vital role in resistance against bending and buckling is calculated approximately. Using the material density variations of the wheat (Triticum sativum L.) stems, new beam/columns are designed. Stress distributions in this new design and conventional designs of equivalent weight are compared using ANSYS program. It is found that stresses are more uniformly distributed in the new design with maximum stresses being lower than the conventional designs. © Association for Scientific Research.Item Crocus chrysanthus s. lato (Iridaceae) in Turkey(2013) Candan F.; Özhatay N.New taxa in Crocus are described from Turkey: C. chrysanthus subsp. chrysanthus var. bicoloraceus F. Candan & N. Özhatay var. nov. and C. chrysanthus subsp. chrysanthus var. atroviolaceus F. Candan & N. Özhatay var. nov.; C. chrysanthus subsp. punctatus F. Candan & N. Özhatay subsp. nov., C. chrysanthus subsp. kesercioglui F. Candan & N. Özhatay subsp. nov. and C. chrysanthus subsp. sipyleus F. Candan & N. Özhatay subsp. nov. A new classification of the species is based mainly on the colour of flowers and anthers, type of pollen grains, seed surface ornamentation, and chromosome numbers. © 2013 Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board.Item Influence of activator on meiosis of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2013) Çali I.Ö.; Candan F.The cytogenetic effects of activator Act-2 (based in compounds of addition hydro soluble of K-vitamin group a new and specific organic metabolic activator) on meiosis of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied. The activator was applied to tomato plant grown in greenhouse at the dosage (150 cc/100 water) recommended by the manufacturing company and double the recommended dosage (300 cc/100 water) as well. It was observed that all dosages of the activator gave rise to some changes in cell shapes, chromosome structures, cell division patterns and cell sizes of tomato pollen. As a consequence of chromosomal anomalies sterile pollens were produced that affected yield negatively.Item The determination of physiological and DNA changes in seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds exposed to the waters of the Gediz River and copper heavy metal stress(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2015) Batir M.B.; Candan F.; Buyuk I.; Aras S.In this study, the effects of the heavy metal-polluted waters of the Gediz River, which flow into the Aegean Sea, and different concentrations of copper (Cu) solutions on maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings are investigated with physiological parameters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Results displayed physiologically a significant difference in root and stem length between the control seedlings and the seedlings grown with the waters of the Gediz River. Also, the certain ascending concentrations of copper solution (80, 160, 320, 640, and 1280 ppm) caused a significant decrease in root and stem length of seedlings compared to the control seedlings. As a result of the waters of the Gediz River and copper solution treatment, the changes occurred in RAPD profiles of seedlings observed as variations like increment and/or loss of bands compared with the control seedlings. And these changes were reflected as a decrease in genomic template stability (GTS, changes in RAPD profile) derived by genotoxicity. RAPD band profiles and GTS values showed consistent results with physiological parameter. In conclusion, the study revealed the environmental risk and negative effect of waters of the Gediz River on maize seedlings and the suitability of RAPD assay for the detection of environmental toxicology. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.Item Studies on the comparison of pollen morphology and viability of four naturally distributed and commercial varieties of Anemone coronaria L.(Pakistan Botanical Society, 2015) Candan F.; Çali İ.Ö.The present study presents a comparison of the pollen morphology and viability of naturally distributed four varieties of Anemone coronaria L. These are A. coronaria var. coccinea (Jord.) Burn, A. coronaria var. rosea (Hanry) Batt, A. coronaria var. cyanea, A. coronaria var. alba Goaty & Pens) and its commercial cultivars. The four varieties were collected from areas near the road side along the Kırkağaç-Soma highway in the State of Manisa. The commercial cultivars were obtained from the commercial flower growers in the Urla region of İzmir. Pollen viability levels decreased in all commercial cultivars of A. coronaria. The highest reduction in pollen viability was recorded in A. coronaria pink cultivars of de Caen group. The general pollen type is prolate spheroidal in all pure forms, but there are some pollen morphological features which were not observed in the natural ones, although encountered in all commercial cultivars. On the other hand, various non-viable pollen types like wrinkled pollens, with abnormally shaped pollens or pollinia were found in the commercial cultivars. It was concluded that pesticides used to produce more flowers with rapid growth are the majör cause for his reduction. Another reason could be the use of tetraploid F1 hybrids of A. coronaria cultivars of de Caen group as commercial samples. © 2015, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.Item Pollen micromorphology of four taxa of Anemone coronaria L. from Western Turkey(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2015) Candan F.; Çali I.Ö.The present study examined a comparison of the pollen micromorphology of four taxa of Anemone coronaria L. (A. coronaria var. coccinea (Jord.)) Burn, A. coronaria var. rosea (Hanry) Batt, A. coronaria var. cyanea, A. coronaria var. alba Goaty & Pens) naturally distributed in western Turkey and its commercial cultivars of de Cean group. Measurements of pore width-length and exine-intine layer thicknesses were made using a micrometric ocular. In this study pore width-length and exine-intine layer thicknesses were found as decreased in all Anemone coronaria L. cultivars of de Cean group in respect to the varieties. The reasons for this variation could be the use of pesticides and tetraploid F1 hybrids of Anemone coronaria L. cultivars of de Caen group by the producers.Item The examinations of achene ultrastructural features of section Acrolophus (Centaurea, Asteraceae) via scanning electron microscopy(Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016) Candan F.; Uysal T.; Tugay O.; Bozkurt M.; Ertuğrul K.; Demirelma H.In this study, the achene surfaces of 31 taxa belonging to the genus Centaurea L. were examined in detail by means of electron microscopy. The main aim of this study was to characterize the microsculpture of the achene surface of the Turkish species of Centaurea sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC. (Asteraceae). Detailed descriptions of the achene surface were given for each taxon and a fruitful dendrogram was established by numerical analyses derived from the determined micromorphological features. The relationships among the taxa studied were briefly assessed using this generated dendrogram. The results indicated that the examined taxa had very high variations regarding their achene surfaces and these variations have great importance in determining the taxonomic relationships of the discussed taxa. According to the results, pericarp texture and color could be used for taxonomical diagnosis of the Acrolophus species because they contain differences over a broad spectrum. The fruit coat was usually roguish and its ornamentation was fairly variable; therefore, this taxonomical microcharacter might also be useful in distinguishing closely related taxa. The hairiness of the surface of the pericarp was characteristic in all Acrolophus species and it would be evaluated as a decisive micromorphological character of the section within the genus. © TÜBİTAK.Item Determination of the DNA changes in the artichoke seedlings (Cynara scolymus L.) subjected to lead and copper stresses(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016) Burak Batir M.; Candan F.; Büyük İ.This study aims at determining the effects of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) on the hyperaccumulator artichoke. The effect of Pb and Cu toxicity with different levels of concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 640 and 1280 ppm) caused a decrease in the root length and total soluble protein of the artichoke. As a result of treatment with the Pb and Cu solutions, the changes occurred in RAPD profiles of seedlings and revealed variations like increment and/or loss of bands compared to the control plants. These changes showed a decrease in genomic template stability (GTS, changes in RAPD profile) caused by genotoxicity. RAPD data and GTS values seemed consistent with the results of the root length measurements and total soluble protein analysis. In addition, it was seen that the genomic template stability was significantly affected by direct proportion of primary root length, root dry weight and root total soluble protein content in artichoke subjected to Pb and Cu stresses. As a result, it can be concluded that RAPD analysis based on the used primers in the current study can be applied in combination with physiological and biochemical parameters to measure genotoxic effects of lead and copper on artichoke plants. © 2016, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.Item Uptake and Presence Evaluation of Nanoparticles in Cicer arietinum L. by Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Techniques(MDPI, 2022) Candan F.; Markushin Y.; Ozbay G.The aim of this work was to study the applicability of infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning techniques to evaluate the uptake and distribution of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea). Obtained spectral data revealed that the uptake of AuNPs and CNTs by the C. arietinum seedlings’ root resulted in the accumulation of AuNPs and CNTs at stem and leaf parts, which consequently led to the heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles. principal component analysis and support vector machine classification were applied to assess its usefulness for evaluating the results obtained using the attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method of C. arietinum plant grown at different conditions. Specific wavenumbers that could classify the different nanoparticle constituents of C. arietinum plant extracts according to their ATR-FTIR spectra were identified within three specific regions: 450–503 cm−1, 750–870 cm−1, and 1022–1218 cm−1, based on larger PCA loadings of C. arietinum ATR-FTIR spectra with distinct spectral differences between samples of interest. The current work paves a path to the future fabrication strategies for AuNPs and single-walled CNTs via plant-based routes and highlights the diversity of the applications of these materials in bio-nanotechnology. These results indicate the importance of family-plant selection, choice of methods, and pathways for the efficient biomolecule delivery, drug cargo, and optimal conditions in the wide spectrum of bioapplications. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item An experimental study on the effects copper and lead on the seedlings of some economically important vegetable species(Academic Press, 2023) Candan F.; Ozturk M.; Altay V.; Yalcin I.E.Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in vegetables is closely related to the problems of safety concerns as they negatively affect plants in particular those consumed by the humans. Among the food systems the vegetables are the most noticeable foods affected by environmental pollution. Vegetables can take up the metals like copper and lead and store them in excessive levels. Keeping this in view this investigation was undertaken to study the effect of copper and lead concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 640, and 1280 gM) and assess their toxic affects on germination and seedling growth at early stages of eight vegetable cultivars; kidney bean, peas, black-eyed bean, artichoke, kale, lettuce, rocket and radish. The results were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Our results indicate that the seeds of the vegetables studied by us are generally tolerant to both copper as well lead, except higher concentration exposures which showed no improvement when applied to artichoke (for Cu 1280 gM) and lettuce seeds (Cu 1280 gM; Pb 1280 gM). An application of copper and lead ended up with a decrease in barium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium and zinc content in all seedlings studied. In all vegetables exposed to copper and lead a promotion in copper and lead accumulation was recorded. There was a decrease in nutrient element intake which interrupted the mineral element uptake in the seedlings. © 2023 Articles by the authors; Licensee UASVM and SHST, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright/to retain publishing rights without restriction. All Rights Reserved.Item Nanoparticle Uptake and Bioaccumulation in Pisum sativum L. (Green Pea) Analyzed via Dark-Field Microscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Principal Component Analysis Combined with Machine Learning(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Candan F.; Markushin Y.; Ozbay G.The green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an economically, nutritionally, and culturally important legume. It is a crop that is subject to various investigations due to its popularity with the development of various protocols in different topics, except for nano-biotechnological studies. This work was carried out to evaluate the uptake, distribution, translocation, and bioaccumulation of the single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the economically important plant Pisum sativum morphologically and anatomically with a dark-field microscopy system. Data were analyzed for morphological parameters such as stem, tendril, root length, number, shape, width-length of the stipules, and root-stem-stipule. Our results proved the stimulation for growth and anatomical parameters such as CNTs aggregates and AuNPs particles at paranchyma, cortex, spongia cells, starch formation and accumulation in lenticels, stoma cells, and stomatal pores. In this study, we compared the utilization of the entire available Attenuated Total Reflectance—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectral range (525–4000 cm−1) for conducting principal component analysis (PCA) without excluding any specific spectral wavenumbers with the spectral range chosen based on larger PCA loadings. The results demonstrate that for both chosen spectral ranges of the PCA score plots, utilizing only the first three principal components (PCs), we effectively visually separated three groups: (1) plants treated with Au NPs, (2) plants treated with CNTs, and (3) control plants without nanoparticle treatment using ATR-FTIR spectral data from combined samples of root, stem, and leaves from the Pisum sativum plant. Our investigation shows that green pea, a species of the Fabaceae family, is low-cost, fast, and non-toxic and requires an environmentally safe process in the area of nanotechnology in bio-application regarding the green synthesis of nanoparticles; it is a step for green mining, phytoremediation, delivering drugs, and biomolecules. Our findings show that green pea and the Fabaceae family have more advantages for the biological synthesis of C-Au nanoparticles and guide soil health, agricultural development, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery science, and other types of medicinal investigations with a new approach, while a lot of economic plants in the Fabaceae family will be available for the green synthesis of more NPs with single and rapid protocols and will be a popular family in nano-biotechnological studies in the next few decades. © 2024 by the authors.