Browsing by Author "Colakoglu, M"

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    Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and physical performance in a homogeneous non-elite cohort
    Cam, FS; Colakoglu, M; Sekuri, C; Colakoglu, S; Sahan, C; Berdeli, A
    Background: I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene may be associated with better endurance performance and a stronger response to exercise training. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ACE gene polymorphism and athletic performance in a homogeneous cohort. Methods: Eighty-eight male non-elite Caucasian Turkish athletes with similar training backgrounds for at least for 6 months were studied for ACE gene polymorphisms by PCR analysis. Performance on the 60-meter sprint and middle-distance running tests were evaluated. Results: The distributions of the ACE I/D genotypes were 20.5%, 40.9%, and 38.6%for II, ID, and DD polymorphisms in the whole group (N = 88), respectively. The ACE DD genotype frequency was significantly higher in the superior group (56.7%) than in the poor (37.9%) and mediocre (20.7%) group in middle-distance running performance (X-2 = 11.778; p = 0.019). Conclusion: The ACE DD genotype may be related to better short-duration aerobic endurance performance. Larger homogeneous cohorts may help clarify the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and physical performance.
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    Cumulative effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on endurance development, body composition, serum leptin and insulin levels
    Colakoglu, S; Colakoglu, M; Taneli, F; Cetinoz, F; Turkmen, M
    Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accruing effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation and aerobic exercise (Ex) on body composition and serum lipid profile in humans. Methods. Forty-four healthy female young subjects were divided ExCLA, CLA, Ex and control (C) groups. The groups of CLA and ExCLA were supplemented with 3.6 g/d CLA whilst ExCLA and Ex groups were exercised for 30 min(-1) . 3 days(-1). week(-1) for 6 weeks. Results. After the study period, fat ratio, fat mass, waist and hip girths were reduced in all experimental groups and fat-free mass induced in ExCLA and CLA groups and body weight was reduced in the CLA group when compared to baseline levels. These alterations were significantly different than those of controls with the highest variations were observed in the ExCLA. There was no change in serum leptin, apo-AI, apo-B, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, free fatty acid, and triglyceride levels. Serum glucose concentrations of ExCLA and CLA groups and insulin level of ExCLA group decreased significantly as compared to baseline levels with only serum glucose reduction of both groups were significantly different than those of controls (P<0.05). Endurance performance significantly increased in ExCLA and Ex groups (P<0.01) but did not vary in the CLA and controls. Conclusions. It was shown that both CLA and exercise were effective in improvement of body composition and these effects were cumulated when they have been used together. CLA supplementation alone or with exercise seems effective on serum glucose and insulin concentrations but ineffective on endurance performance.
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    Wingate anaerobic testing with a modified electromagnetically braked elliptical trainer. Part II: Physiological considerations
    Ozkaya, O; Colakoglu, M; Fowler, D; Kuzucu, OE; Colakoglu, S
    The Wingate Anaerobic Test is the most common method used to evaluate explosive power and anaerobic capacity. The Wingate Anaerobic Test performed on an elliptical trainer (WAnTet) may be more accurate than the Wingate Anaerobic Test performed on a cycle ergometer (WAnTc) since larger muscle group recruitment with the WAnTet results in higher anaerobic output. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare peak power ( PP), average power (AP), fatigue index (FI%) and delta lactate responses (Delta La) between WAnTet and WAnTc in healthy male university athletes. In our test subjects, (n = 40; 21 +/- 2 years old), PP ( 1463 +/- 238 vs. 879 +/- 162 watts) and AP ( 1127 +/- 191 vs. 649 +/- 82 watts) for the WAnTet were higher when compared to the WAnTc ( p < 0.001). FI%s of WAnTet and WAnTc were similar ( 49.8 +/- 10.3% and 46.9 +/- 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.054) but. La values were higher for WAnTet than for WAnTc (12.9 +/- 1.7 mM vs. 9.2 +/- 1.5 mM, respectively; p < 0.001). Using an elliptical trainer, rather than a traditional cycle ergometer, results in a more accurate measure of anaerobic power when Wingate Anaerobic Testing is performed.
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    ACE I/D gene polymorphism and aerobic endurance development in response to training in a non-elite female cohort
    Cam, S; Colakoglu, M; Colakoglu, S; Sekuri, C; Berdeli, A
    Aim. The aim of this study Was to investigate the association between ACE gene polymorphism and short- and medium-duration aerobic endurance performance improvements in response to the same training regimen in a non-elite female cohort. Methods. Fifty-five female non-elite Caucasian Turkish athletes trained to enhance running speeds corresponding to 70% and 90% of heart rate reserve (V-HRR70 and V-HRR90 respectively) 30 min running speed performance (V-30min) 3 times per week, for 6 weeks. ACE gene polymorphisms studied by PCR analysis. Results. The distribution of genotypes in the whole cohort was 21.8%, 41.8%, 36.4% for II (n=12), ID (n=23) and DD (n=20), respectively. Subjects with ACE II genotype had significantly higher improvements in V-30min and V-HRR70 than the ACE DD group (P<0.05). However, in HRR90 ACE DD genotype had a better performance enhancement in running speed than others (P<0.05). Endurance improvements in the V-HRR70 and in the V-30min showed a linear trend as II>ID>DD (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) while a linear trend as DD>ID>II (P<0.01) observed in V-HRR90. Conclusion. ACE II genotype may related with better improvements in medium duration aerobic endurance performance whilst ACE DD genotype seems to be more advantageous in performance enhancement in shorter duration and higher intensity endurance activities.
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    Relationship between ace genotype and short duration aerobic performance development
    Cerit, M; Colakoglu, M; Erdogan, M; Berdeli, A; Cam, FS
    We have previously demonstrated that, ACE D allele may be related with a better performance in short duration aerobic endurance in a homogeneous cohort with similar training backgrounds. We aimed to study the variation in the short-duration aerobic performance development amongst ACE genotypes in response to identical training programs in homogeneous populations. The study group consisted of 186 male Caucasian non-elite Turkish army recruits. All subjects had undergone an identical training program with double training session per day and 6 days a week for 6 months. Performances for middle distance runs (2,400 m) were evaluated on an athletics track before and after the training period. ACE gene polymorphisms were studied by PCR analysis. The distribution of genotypes in the whole group was 16.7% II, n = 31; 46.2% ID, n = 86; 37.1% DD, n = 69. Subjects with ACE DD genotype had significantly higher enhancement than the ID (P < 0.01) and II (P < 0.05) genotype groups. Around 2,400 m performance enhancement ratios showed a linear trend as ACE DD > ACE ID > ACE II (P value for Pearson chi(2) = 0.461 and P value for linear by linear association = 0.001). ACE DD genotype seems to have an advantage in development in short-duration aerobic performance. This data in unison with the data that we have obtained from homogenous cohorts previously is considered as an existence of threshold for initiation of ACE I allele effectiveness in endurance performance. This threshold may be anywhere between 10 and 30 min with lasting maximal exercises.
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    Wingate anaerobic testing with a modified electromagnetically braked elliptical trainer. Part I: Methodological considerations
    Ozkaya, O; Colakoglu, M; Ozgonenel, O; Fowler, D; Colakoglu, S; Tekat, A
    The aim of this study was to modify an elliptical trainer and determine a suitable test load with it in order to perform Wingate anaerobic testing (WAnTet). Modifications were made to an electromagnetically braked elliptical trainer. Study participants were forty-eight physically active male college athletes ( mean age 20 +/- 1 years). Two pilot studies (n = 8) were administered to determine electrical signalling errors and to select the range of potentially suitable test loads ( between 0.5 to 1.3 watt/kg). The 1.0 watt/kg WAnTet load was determined to be the most suitable for WAnTet applications amongst 0.8 to 1.1 watt/kg loads ( n = 40; p < 0.05). Test-retest results using the 1.0 watt/ kg load for peak power ( PP) ( 1477 +/- 258 and 1484 +/- 271 watts), average power (AP) ( 1134 +/- 209 and 1120 +/- 208 watts), fatigue index ratio (FI%) ( 49 +/- 10% and 49 +/- 10%) and change in lactate levels ( 12.6 +/- 1.7 and 12.4 +/- 2.1 mM) were highly correlated (r: 0.94, 0.94, 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; p < 0.001). An electromagnetically braked elliptical trainer may be used to measure anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity of athletes and may be substituted for the usual Wingate anaerobic test performed on a cycle ergometer.
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    ACE genotype may have an effect on single versus multiple set preferences in strength training
    Colakoglu, M; Cam, FS; Kayitken, B; Cetinoz, F; Colakoglu, S; Turkmen, M; Sayin, M
    A polymorphic variant of the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was identified. The 'D' (rather than `I') variant was associated with improvements in strength related to physical training. We set out to determine whether the response to different patterns of strength training night also differ. Ninty-nine Caucasian male non-elite athletes were randomly allocated into one of three groups: 31 nontraining/control (CG: 31), single-set (SSG: 35) and multiple-set (MSG: 33). SSG and MSG trained three times a week for 6 weeks. Both training groups were underwent a strength-training program with two mesocycles (12-15 repetition maximum (RM) and 8-12 RM mesocycles). One RM loads in half squat and bench press were assessed before training and after the first and second mesocycles. ACE polymorphisms analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Subjects with ACE II genotype in the MST group had improved strength development in 12-15 RM, while SST and MST groups had similar gains in 8-12 RM. Subjects with ACE DD genotype in both the SSG and the MSG had similar benefits from both 12-15 RM and 8-12 RM. Strength gains for subjects with ACE ID genotype in the SSG were similar to MSG gains in response to 8-12 RM loads but not with 12-15 RM loads. Additionally, subjects with DD genotype had superior strength gains in both strength training groups. Tailoring strength training programmes (single-set vs. multiple set) according to the athlete's ACE genotype may be advantageous.