Browsing by Author "Demir, MA"
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Item Abdominal insufflation-deflation injury in small intestine in rabbitsKaya, Y; Coskun, T; Demir, MA; Var, A; Ozsoy, Y; Aydemir, EOObjective: To investigate the effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure followed by abdominal deflation on small intestine with or without previous intestinal ischaemia. Design: Randomised experimental study. Setting: University hospital, Turkey. Animals: 78 male New Zealand white rabbits. Interventions: Experiment 1: 30 rabbits (10 in each group) were subjected to intra-abdominal pressure of 0 mmHg. (controls), 15 mmHg or 25 mmHg for 60 minutes. Experiment 2: 48 rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 12 in each). The first comprised sham-operated controls. In the other 3, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 minutes. Reperfusion was started and maintained under intra-abdominal pressure of 0 mmHg. 15 mmHg, or 25 mmHg for one hour. Intestinal specimens were obtained five and 60 minutes after abdominal deflation in the pressure groups and at identical times in the other groups in both experiments. Main outcome measures: Intestinal malondialdehyde concentration, wet:dry intestinal weight ratio, and mucosal injury score under light microscopy. Results: In experiment I the malondialdehyde concentration. wet:dry weight ratio. and mucosal injury scores were higher in the 25 mmHg group than in the other groups, in both specimens. Theme was a significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration in the 15 mmHg group in only the 5-minute specimen, In experiment 2, except for the wet:dry weight ratio in the 5-minute specimen in the 15 mmHg group, there were significant increases in malondialdehyde concentration, wet:dry weight ratio, and mucosal injury score in all groups except controls in both specimens. Malondialdehyde concentration and wet:dry weight ratio were higher in the 25 mmHg group than in the 0 mmHg group in the 60-minute specimen, and higher than the 15 mmHg group in both specimens. Wet:dry weight ratio was less in the 15 mmHg group than the 0 mmHg group in both specimens. Mucosal injury score was higher in the 25 mmHg group than the other groups in both specimens. Conclusion: Increased intra-abdominal pressure for 60 minutes followed by abdominal deflation led to an ischaemia-reperfusion-like injury in normal small intestine in rabbits. and added to reperfusion injury in the ischaemic small intestine at an intra-abdominal pressure of 25 mmHg.Item Combination thymosin-α1 and interferon-α2b in the treatment of anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B in TurkeySaruc, M; Yuceyar, H; Kucukmetin, N; Demir, MA; Kandiloglu, ARBackground/Aims: The most prevalent type of chronic hepatitis B in Turkey is anti-HBe-positive. No consistently effective therapy is yet available for the treatment of these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of interferon-alpha and thymosin-alpha(1) combination in the treatment of naive anti-HBe-positive and HBV DNA-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Methodology: Twenty-one patients were enrolled in the study. All patients had documented anti-HBe-positive, HBV DNA-positive chronic active hepatitis B without evidence of cirrhosis. Patients received a 26-week combination course of 1.6mg thymosin-alpha(1) subcutaneously twice a week and 10 MIU interferon-alpha subcutaneously three times a week, followed by interferon-alpha monotherapy at the same dose for another 26 weeks. After treatment patients were observed for a further 26 weeks. Endpoints were a normalization of alanine aminotransferase and negativity of HBV DNA at weeks 52 and 78, as well as an improvement in liver histology at week 78. Results: Eighteen (87.7%) of the 21 patients responded by losing serum HBV DNA and normalizing alanine aminotransferase values at the end of the 52-week treatment period. Sixteen (76.2%) of these patients became sustained responders, with normal alanine aminotransferase and negative HBV DNA at the end of 78 weeks. Two patients were non-responders, two relapsed and one had a breakthrough during therapy. Significant improvements in the Knodell histological activity index were observed in the responders. No adverse events other than those seen previously with interferon monotherapy were reported. Conclusions: Combination interferon-Q2b and thymosin-alpha(1) treatment may provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the difficult-to-treat antiHBe-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Further controlled studies are needed to assess the full role of this treatment strategy.Item Histological and clinical predictive value of determination of tissue CagA status by PCR in Helicobacter pylori infected patients;: Results of the large population based study in western TurkeySaruç, M; Demir, MA; Küçükmetin, N; Kandiloglu, AR; Akarca, US; Yüceyar, HBackground/Aims: Early experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested that the presence of cagA gene was a virulence factor for Helicobacter pylori. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of tissue CagA status in Helicobacter pylori infected patients and to assess its association with histological changes in gastric mucosa. Methodology: Three hundred and forty-five patients with Helicobacter pylori infection established by both urease test and histological examination were included in the study. The symptoms of the patients were recorded according to the Glasgow dyspepsia scale. Biopsies (cardia, corpus, angulus and antrum) were evaluated histologically according to the Sidney system. The cagA status was determined by polymerase chain reaction method from an antral biopsy. Polymerase chain reaction studies were performed by Wizard genomic DNA purification system (promega). We also determined the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and gastrin. They were all prescribed lansoprazole (30mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin (500mg b.i.d.), and amoxycillin (1g b.i.d.) for a week. At the 8th week a second endoscopy was performed and further biopsy specimens were obtained from the same sites. Mann-Whitney U and chi(2) tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: Two hundred and thirty-five patients (68.1%) were infected with cagA-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori and the other 110 patients (31.8%) were infected with cagA-negative strains. We compared the parameters and measurements studied in this trial between the patients infected with cagA-positive and negative Helicobacter pylori strains. Helicobacter pylori density was greater in the cagA-positive group by 1.9 0.9 than in the cagA-negative group by 1.2 +/- 0.7 (P=0.01). Helicobacterpylori activity and chronic inflammation also were significantly higher in the cagA-positive group with the values of 1.4 +/- 0.8 and 2.1 +/- 1.1 than in the cagA-negative group with 0.7 +/- 0.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.5, respectively (P=0.001, P=0.002). The presence of atrophy and lymphoid aggregate was not different between the two groups (P>0.05). However intestinal metaplasia was shown to be significantly frequent in patients infected with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains (0.001). Serum tumor necrosis factor-a and gastrin levels which were accepted as the markers of inflammation in Helicobacter pylori infection were increased in the cagA-positive group compared with the cagA-negative group. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha level was 11.3 +/- 7.0pg/mL in the cagA-positive group and 4.9+/-2.7pg/mL in the cagA-negative group (P=0.001). Gastrin level also showed a significant difference between two groups by 66.8+/-31.1pg/mL and 37.2+/-19.2pg/mL, respectively, in the cagA-positive and negative groups (P=0.001). The virulent strains seem to cause peptic ulcer more frequently. Peptic ulcer was determined in 17% of patients in the cagA-positive group but this ratio was 9% in the cagA-negative group (P=0.608). Although, all these differences of the degree of inflammation, clinical spectrum and biochemical parameters were seen, interestingly there was no significant difference in the severity of the symptoms of the patients in both groups according to Glasgow dyspepsia severity score (P=0.20). Conclusions: Our results confirm that cagA-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori cause greater histological changes. However this virulence is not associated with more severe symptoms. The histological changes can be predictable by determining the tissue cagA status.Item The significance of venous dominance in color Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of primary nodular skin lesionsÖzkol, M; Yoleri, L; Demir, MA; Dernireli, P; Pabusçu, YThe aim of this study was to investigate the significance of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) findings in the differential diagnosis of suspicious nodular skin lesions and to compare the results according to the Giovagnorio 1999 classification and the modified classification. Forty nodular skin lesions were evaluated with CDUS and US. The number of arteries and veins was recorded in hypervascular lesions. Findings were compared with histopathological results. The specificity and predictivity of the modified classification were higher than those of the Giovagnorio 1999 classification. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item The Role of pRB, p16 and Cyclin D1 in Colonic CarcinogenesisAyhan, S; Isisag, A; Saruc, M; Nese, N; Demir, MA; Kucukmetin, NTBackground/ Aims: This study is aimed to investigate abnormal expression of the Rb protein (pRb), p16(INK4n) (p16) and cyclin D1 in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas and to assess the possible alterations in Rb pathway in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODOLOGY: 44 cases of colorectal adenoma and 44 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to identify abnormalities of pRb, p16, and cyclin D1 expression. Staining degree of above-mentioned markers was assessed by using a semi-quantitative method in all cases in order to determine any staining differences. RESULTS: In 70.5% of the adenomas and 97.7% of the adenocarcinomas, an overexpression of pRb was found. There was a statistically significant relationship between the immunoreactivity of pRb and villous/ tubulovillous types of adenomas (p<0.05). There was a loss of p16 expression in 84.1% of adenomas and 61.4% of adenocarcinomas. Statistically significantly, the p16 overexpression was not seen in any of tubular adenomas (p<0.001). Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found in only 9.1% of adenomas, while 31.8% of adenocarcinomas overexpressed this protein. Loss of expression of cyclin D1 was similar in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (27.3% and 25%, respectively). Staining degrees of all three cell cycle proteins were shown to be statistically different in adenomas and adenocarcinomas, for pRb (p=0.001), for p16 (p=0.045), and cyclin D1 (p=0.05). Also, there was only a mild agreement with respect to p16 and cyclin D1 relationship between for adenomas (k=+0,28 p=0,051) and for adenocarcinomas (k=+0,35 p=0,017). Besides, there was no correlation between the expression of pRb, p16, and cyclin D1 and clinicopathological tumor characteristics and prognostic data such as stage or lymph node/liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: pRb, p16 and cyclin D1 are shown to be aberrantly expressed in both colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. It can be claimed that disturbances in Rb pathway take part in colonic carcinogenesis and pRb, p16 and cyclin D1 play an ever increasing role in the further stages of adenoma-carcinoma sequence.Item Functional dyspepsiaSaruc, M; Ozden, N; Turkel, N; Ayhan, S; Demir, MA; Tuzcuoglu, I; Akarca, US; Yuceyar, HThe etiology of functional dyspepsia is not known. The objective of the present study was to determine the characteristics of functional dyspepsia in Western Turkey. We divided 900 patients with functional dyspepsia into three subgroups according to symptoms: ulcer-like (UL), 321 (35.6%), motility disorder-like (ML), 281 (31.2%), and the combination (C) of these symptoms, 298 (33.1%). All patients were submitted to endoscopic evaluation, with two biopsies taken from the cardia and corpus, and four from the antrum of the stomach. All biopsy samples were studied for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) density, chronic inflammation, activity, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and the presence of lymphoid aggregates by histological examination. One antral biopsy was used for the rapid urease test. Tissue cagA status was determined by PCR from an antral biopsy specimen by a random sampling method. We also determined the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and gastrin by the same method. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kolmogorov-Smimov test and by analysis of variance. Hp and cagA positivity was significantly higher in the UL subgroup than in the others. The patients in the ML subgroup had the lowest Hp and cagA positivity and Hp density. The ML subgroup also showed the lowest level of Hp-induced inflammation among all subgroups. The serum levels of TNF-alpha and gastrin did not reveal any difference between groups. Our findings show a poor association of Hp with the ML subgroup of functional dyspepsia, but a stronger association with the UL and C subgroups.Item Rhinocerebral mucormycosisOrguc, S; Yücetürk, AV; Demir, MA; Goktan, CWe report a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis associated with an abscess in the lateral aspect of the pons associated with perineural spread of disease via the trigeminal nerve. Contrast enhanced MRI was useful in depicting the extent of the disease and suggesting perineural spread. A pathological diagnosis of mucormycosis was established by means of rhino-orbital punch biopsy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Targetoid haemosiderotic haemangiomaSahin, MT; Demir, MA; Gunduz, K; Özturkcan, S; Türel-Ermertcan, ATargetoid haemosiderotic haemangioma represents a new, rarely reported, distinctive, benign vascular tumour, characterized histopathologically by a biphasic growth pattern of dilated vascular structures in the superficial dermis lined by prominent hobnail endothelial cells and collagen dissecting, rather narrow neoplastic vessels in deeper parts of the lesion. In the initial stage, the lesion is seen as a small purple or violaceous papule, 2-3 mm in diameter. Over time, the ecchymotic ring expands peripherally until it disappears spontaneously. In the later stages, however, the central papule remains as a slightly raised dermal lesion with a purple to brownish discolouration. We report three cases whose repetitive cyclic morphological changes of targetoid haemosiderotic haemangiomas were monitored dermoscopically at 3-month follow-ups. Histopathological examination of each lesion identified the features of targetoid haemosiderotic haemangioma. To the best of our knowledge, our three cases are the first reported in the literature of targetoid haemosiderotic haemangiomas that were regularly monitored by dermoscopic examinations, enabling development of the different stages of the same lesion to be followed.Item Cytopathological expression of different types of urothelial carcinoma in situ in urinary bladder washingsDemir, MA; Ryd, W; Aldenborg, F; Holmang, STo evaluate and compare the cytopathological expression of the five major histological types of carcinoma in situ (CIS) in urinary bladder washings from patients with flat urothelial lesions. Seventy-five cases of primary and secondary urothelial CIS with no concomitant tumours, and having tissue and cytological samples, were identified. Biopsies were evaluated based on the consensus classification as: large-cell pleomorphic; large-cell non-pleomorphic; small-cell; clinging; and cancerization of the urothelium. In the cytological classification the 'clinging' category was excluded, as its definition depends on the histological appearance. kappa statistics were used to evaluate the correlation between histopathology and cytology. More than one subtype of CIS could often be identified in both the histological and cytological specimens. Cytology often showed more subtypes than did histopathology. Statistically, there was only a moderate correlation between histopathology and cytology for recognising different patterns. Different patterns of CIS can be identified by cytology; it is important for cytologists to be aware of the cytological spectrum of CIS and not to under-diagnose monomorphic, pagetoid (cancerization) and small-cell forms. Studies on treatments for CIS and of the clinical significance of different subtypes of CIS should include both cytopathology and histopathology.Item Comparison of the nuclear matrix protein 22 with voided urine cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladderLekili, M; Sener, E; Demir, MA; Temeltas, G; Müezzinoglu, T; Büyüksu, CSeveral urinary markers for transitional cell carcinoma have been investigated, including urine cytology, bladder tumor antigen, autocrine motility factor receptor and fibrin degradation products. Unfortunately, they have poor overall sensitivity. The United States Food and Drug Administration have recently approved nuclear matrix protein (NMP 22) for the detection of occult or rapidly recurring disease after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The objective of the current study was to assess the sensitivity of NMP 22 for the detection of bladder carcinoma, as well as to correlate the NMP 22 values with multiplicity of tumor, tumor size, configuration, stage and grade respectively. A total of 78 patients (38 with bladder cancer) provided a urine sample which was divided into appropriate aliquots for each of urine cytology and NMP 22. Comparative results demonstrate a clear superiority of NMP 22 in bladder cancer detection (52.6% vs 31.6% sensitivity), while specificity was in favor of urine cytology (100% vs 82.5%). For superficial tumors, sensitivity was 78.5% for NMP 22 and 41.6% for cytology and for invasive cancers, sensitivity was 90% for NMP 22 and 60% for cytology. Urinary NMP 22 levels were significantly correlated with tumor grade and were significantly higher in large tumors than small tumors. NMP 22 test results showed sufficient sensitivity in comparison with urine cytology for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma. However, we do not think that it is a useful tool as a substitute for endoscopic examination for the detection and surveillance in bladder cancer.Item Features of chronic inflammation at the gastric cardia and the relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection and oesophagitisAyhan, S; Demir, MA; Kandiloglu, AR; Saruc, M; Kucukmetin, NBackground: The etiopathogenesis of chronic inflammation at the gastric cardia is still debated. It is suggested that carditis may be a finding of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or it may occur as a result of the gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Aim : To examine morphological features of carditis, as well as the associations of carditis with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and oesophagitis as a marker of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Patients and methods : Endoscopic biopsy specimens obtained systematically from oesophagus, cardia, corpus and antrum of 135 dyspeptic patients were retrospectively evaluated. In biopsies, we have searched for any correlations between clinical, endoscopic, and histological features. Results : Carditis was detected in 123 (91.1%) of the cases. The mean age of the carditis group was 47.9 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.08:1. The relation of carditis with age and sex was not significant (p = 0.19 and p = 0.24, respectively). All cases of the carditis group had concomitant chronic gastritis. In these cases, chronic inflammation, degree of neutrophil-mediated activity and H. pylori colonisation were significantly correlated in cardia, corpus and antrum (p < 0.001). Intestinal metaplasia was observed in 14 cases (11.3%) and, was associated with H. pylori colonisation (p < 0.001). Microscopic oesophagitis detected in 37.7% cases also showed correlation with reflux symptoms and endoscopic oesophagitis but not carditis. When all cases with carditis were evaluated for H. pylori infection and oesophagitis, which are presumed risk factors for carditis, H. pylori infection appeared to be an independent risk factor for carditis (p = 0.012), while oesophagitis did not. Conclusions : This study suggests that carditis is commonly found in patients presenting with dyspepsia and the histological features of carditis were similar to those seen in H. pylori gastritis in antrum and corpus. In addition, our data have also shown that carditis was significantly associated with H. pylori infection but not with symptoms or signs of GORD.Item Lung involvement in inflammatory bowel diseasesSarioglu, N; Türkel, N; Sakar, A; Çelik, P; Saruç, M; Demir, MA; Göktan, C; Kirmaz, C; Yüceyar, H; Yorgancioglu, AItem Inguinal keratotic basal cell carcinoma mimicking giant solitary trichoepitheliomaSahin, MT; Demir, MA; Kaya, Y; Can, M; Inanir, I; Öztürkcan, SKeratotic basal cell carcinoma may not only clinically but also histologically share more or less the same features with giant solitary trichoepithelioma. It can be difficult to distinguish these two entities from each other, even for an experienced dermatopathologist. We present an unusual case of inguinal keratotic basal cell carcinoma mimicking giant solitary trichoepithelioma in a 56-year-old woman with a finger-like tumor of 20 years duration. The patient presented with an asymptomatic, skin colored, firm, nonulcerative, nodular lesion. Scanty mitotic activity and apoptotic cells were the histopathologic findings against basal cell carcinoma, whereas absence of papillary mesenchymal bodies, presence of peritumoral lacunae detected only around the solid areas, and accumulation of amyloid-like hyalinized material were the findings in favor of basal cell carcinoma. This case illustrates that keratotic basal cell carcinoma must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of inguinally located solitary, polypoid masses, especially giant solitary trichoepithelioma.Item Pleomorphic adenoma originated from the inferior nasal turbinateUnlu, HH; Celik, O; Demir, MA; Eskiizmir, GAlthough pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands, it has also been reported to be present in the neck, ear, mediastinum, external nose and nasal cavity. Intranasal localization of this lesion is very rare and mainly originates from the nasal septum. From wherever the lesion originates, the main treatment modality should be surgical. We presented a very rare case of intranasal pleomorphic adenoma originated from the inferior nasal turbinate. Due to the expansile nature of the lesion, a midfacial degloving approach was preferred. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Comparison of interferonα2β monotherapy with the combination of thymosinα1 and interferonα2β in the treatment of anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B in Turkey.Saruc, M; Yuceyar, H; Kucukmetin, N; Demir, MA; Kandiloglu, ARItem Blue naevus with satellitosis mimicking malignant melanomaSahin, MT; Demir, MA; Yoleri, L; Can, M; Öztürkcan, SBlue naevus is an acquired benign melanocytic naevus. It is a firm, sharply defined dark blue to grey-black papule or nodule, which is likely to arise from the arrested dermal melanocytes in the dermis. In the last few years, blue naevus has attracted much attention due to the recognition of new entities and to its confusion with malignant melanoma. We report a 69-year-old man who developed a blue-black nodular lesion with satellitosis on his scalp. Although clinically it was thought to be a malignant melanoma, histopathological investigation and conservative methods such as dermatoscopy and power Doppler ultrasonography did not confirm this diagnosis. Histopathological examination excluded malignant melanoma, as there were no cellular atypia and mitotic activity in either the nodular lesion or the satellitosis. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed the benign nature of the lesion. Dermatoscopic examination showed homogeneous steel-blue pigmentation with individual blue globules, dots and some brown veils, and confirmed the histopathological diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the third reported case of a blue naevus with satellitosis mimicking malignant melanoma.Item The Role of Immunohistochemistry in Differential Diagnosis of Follicular Patterned Lesions of ThyroidYegen, G; Demir, MA; Ertan, Y; Nalbant, OAK; Tunçyürek, MObjective: In the present study we aimed to assess the role of galectin3, cytokeratin 19, thyroid peroxidase and CD44v6 in distinguishing benign from malignant follicular lesions. Material and Method: Fifty-four malignant and 50 benign lesions were evaluated and classified according to World Health Organization 2004 histological classification. Galectin-3, cytokeratin 19, thyroid peroxidase and CD44v6 were performed immunohistochemically and the slides were evaluated by two independent investigators. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were assessed for each antibody tested. Results: Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were as follows respectively: Galectin-3: 59,25%, 84% and 71,15%; Cytokeratin 19: 70%, 82% and 75,4%; Thyroid peroxidase: 61%, 70% and 65,4%; CD44v6: 20,4%, 88% and 52,9%. Conclusion: The negativity for Galectin-3 and Cytokeratin 19 can not exclude malignancy but positivity can be thought as a sign of malignant feature or potential for lesions in which there is strong suspect of malignancy. Thyroid peroxidase immunostaining failed to differantiate benign from malignant oxyphilic tumors but decreased expression can be used as a malignancy marker together with Galectin-3 and/or Cytokeratin19 positivity in suspicious cases. CD44v6 does not seem to be reliable in distinguishing benign from malignant follicular patterned thyroid lesions. In conclusion, our approach is to take as much new samples or serial sections as possible in cases without clear-cut evidence of malignancy but with histological and immunohistochemical suspicion. Follicular variant papillary carcinoma has different criteria for malignancy and it should be always kept in mind while evaluating a benign-looking lesion with immunohistochemical signs that favor malignancy.Item Can CD10 be used as a diagnostic marker in thyroid pathology?Yegen, G; Demir, MA; Ertan, Y; Nalbant, OA; Tunçyürek, MCD10-common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen is a membrane-bound zinc metalloproteinase that is expressed by different hematopoietic cell types at unique stages of lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. It was reported to be expressed in various nonlymphoid cells and tissue, as well as in various types of neoplasms. Recently, it has been found to be useful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid. In the present study, we evaluated the staining pattern of CD10 in various thyroid lesions, including 14 benign and 61 malignant cases, as well as in adjacent thyroid tissue. CD10 was negative in normal thyroid tissue, adenomatous nodules, minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, and well-differentiated carcinoma. It was expressed in nine of 14 (64.2%) conventional papillary carcinomas, four of 24 (16.6%) follicular variant of papillary carcinomas, three of six (50%) papillary microcarcinomas, one of nine (11.1%) widely invasive follicular carcinomas, and three of ten (30%) follicular adenomas. In contrast to results of previous studies, CD10 is not useful in the classification of thyroid follicular lesions as benign or malignant, but it shows strong positivity in conventional papillary carcinoma.Item Surface chemistry dependent toxicity of inorganic nanostructure glycoconjugates on bacterial cells and cancer cell linesSancak, S; Yazgan, I; Bayarslan, AU; Ayna, A; Evecen, S; Tasdelen, Z; Gümüs, A; Sönmez, HA; Demir, MA; Demir, S; Bakar, F; Dilek-Tepe, H; Kasemets, K; Otsus, M; Çeter, TSurface functionalized nanostructures have outstanding potential in biological applications owing to their target -specific design. In this study, we utilized laboratory synthesized carbohydrate-derivatives (i.e., galactose, mannose, lactose, and cellobiose derivatives) for aqueous one-pot synthesis of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nano -structure glycoconjugates (NSs), and iron metal-organic framework glycoconjugates (FeMOFs). This work aims to test whether differences in the surface chemistry of the inorganic nanostructures play roles in revealing their toxicities towards bacterial cells and cancerous cell lines. As of the first step, biological activity of AuNSs, AgNSs, and FeMOFs were tested against a variety of gram (-) and gram (+) bacterial strains, where AgNSs possessed moderate to high antibacterial activities against all the tested bacterial strains, while AuNSs and FeMOFs showed their bacterial toxicity mostly depending on the strain. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination studies were performed for the nanostructure glycoconjugates, for which mu g/mL MBC values were obtained such as (Cellobiose p-aminobenzoic acid_AgNS) CBpAB_AgNS gave 50 mu g/mL MBC value for P.aeruginosa and S.kentucy. The activity of selected sugar ligands and corresponding glycoconjugates were further tested on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines, where se-lective anticancer activity was observed depending on the surface chemistry as well. Besides, D-penicillamine was introduced to galectin specific sugar ligand coated AuNS glycoconjugates, which showed very strong anticancer activities even at low doses. Overall, the importance of this work is that the surface chemistry of the inorganic nanostructures can be critical to reveal their toxicity towards bacterial cells and cancerous cell lines.