Browsing by Author "Erees, FS"
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Item Determination of radioactivity levels in Akhisar, Gordes, Golmarmara and Sindirgi regions, Western TurkeyKaynar, SÇ; Saç, MM; Erees, FSIn this study, radioactivity measurements in the environment of Akhisar, Golmarmara, Gordes and Sindirgi regions in Western Turkey were investigated in order to evaluate the implications of any excess radioactivity in the environment of geological formation. The radioactivity concentrations of K-40, U-238 and Th-232 radionuclides in the soil samples were measured by a NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer system, and the radium activity concentrations in the water samples were also analyzed by an ZnS(Ag) alpha counter by the collector chamber method. The radioactivity of K-40, U-238 and Th-232 in soils ranged 2.80-2,347.77, 9.90-256.19 and 9.66-106.53 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The activity of Ra-226 in the water samples ranged from 0.03 Bq L-1 (0.89pCi/L) to 0.80 Bq L-1 (21.58pCi/L). In addition, the external terrestrial gamma dose rate in air (nGy h(-1)), annual effective dose rate (mSv year(-1)) and radium equivalent activity (Bq kg(-1)) were calculated and compared with international standard values.Item An assessment of the quality of various bottled mineral water marketed in TurkeyBaba, A; Erees, FS; Hicsönmez, Ü; Çam, S; Özdilek, HGFifteen bottled mineral waters purchased at random all over Turkey were analyzed for their chemical composition by OPTIMA-2000 ICP-AES Perkin Elmer techniques. Results show a wide spread in the chemical specification of these mineral waters, with differences in chemical composition observed in the regions being due to the geological environment and the majority of bottled mineral waters exceeding the pH limit of Turkish drinking water standards. When the concentrations of elements are evaluated, it can readily be seen that generally there are three types of mineral water in Turkey. The concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn Pb and Zn in mineral water were compared with the limits established by the Turkish Standard for Natural Mineral Waters (Turkish Official Gazette 2004); water standards prepared by World Health Organization (2006) and the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) drinking water standards (1993). Such a comparison shows that, except for Ba and Mn, the concentrations of the other heavy metals are lower than the limit of the US.EPA in Turkey. Some parameters examined were found to comprise strong correlations pair-wise.Item Measurements of radon content in soil gas and in the thermal waters in Western TurkeyErees, FS; Yener, G; Salk, M; Özbal, ÖRadon is a radioactive gas which makes the primary contribution to the natural radiation to which people are exposed. For that reason, great importance is attributed to the determination of radon concentration levels in water, indoor air, soil gas and outdoors. In the present work radon content measurements in soil gas, as well as gamma dose rate surveys of the surface area were realized at 112 stations in Western Turkey. The scintillation detector of EDA Instrument Inc. was used for the radon measurements in soil gas. The radon concentration in 40 thermal water samples in same region was also studied. Radon concentration was measured by the collector chamber method. Radon distribution was found to be related with the tectonic lines and high heat flow zones in the region. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Determination of Major and Minor Elements in the Malva sylvestris L. from Turkey Using ICP-OES TechniquesHicsönmez, Ü; Erees, FS; Özdemir, C; Özdemir, A; Çam, SIn this work, Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana (L.) leaves were collected from different points in Muradiye region of Manisa-Turkey. The leaves were dissolved by wet digestion method using a mixture of mineral acid. Concentrations of Ag, Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Sb, Si, Ti, U, Zn, and Zr in prepared solutions were determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). High Ca (13,848 mg/kg) and Mg (1,936 mg/kg) concentrations were found at the leaves. Obtained values were compared with the internationally permitted (standard) values. The results of elements were analyzed statistically (analysis of variance test). For different leaf sizes, concentration factors were calculated.Item Radon Exhalation Rate from Building Materials Using CR-39 Nuclear Track DetectorTopçu, N; Biçak, D; Çam, S; Erees, FSHumans are exposed to radiological hazards from natural radiation sources that exist mainly in the earth's crust. Radon is a noble gas and is formed by the decay of Ra-226, which is one of the nuclides formed in the disintegration series from U-238. Building materials are considered as one of the major sources of radon in the indoor environment. Radon is one of the indoor sources that cause radiological health risk. To study radon exhalation rate, samples of sand, gravel, stone, cement, granite, marble, ashlar, ceramic tile and bricks were collected from Manisa and Izmir provinces of Turkey. The radon exhalation rates (in terms of mass and surface area) for these materials were also calculated by using solid-state nuclear track detector (CR-39). The mass and surface exhalation rates are calculated by following the radon activity growth as a function of time. These values were also compared with literature values.Item Determination of radon exhalation rate and natural radioactivity levels of building materials used in Istanbul-TurkeyKaynar, SÇ; Özbey, E; Erees, FSRadon concentrations of 63 building materials (block-form and powder-form) used in Istanbul province were measured by using solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). Radon exhalation rates for each other were calculated and compared to the literature. The activity concentrations of K-40, U-238 and Th-232 for 18 powder-form building materials (cement and sand samples) were analyzed by a gamma-ray spectrometer coupled with a NaI(Tl) detector. The activity concentrations of K-40, U-238 and Th-232 ranged from 2.81 to 638.9 Bqkg(-1), 44.68 to 114.26 Bqkg(-1) and 2.02 to 34.16 Bqkg(-1), respectively. Activity of U-238 in sand samples was found as higher than the world average. The activities of K-40, U-238 and Th-232 are compared with available data from other investigations and the world average value. Radiation hazard indices (radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and indoor hazard index) were calculated by using the activity results. The results are compared to the literature.Item Assessment of dose rates around Manisa (Turkey)Erees, FS; Aközcan, S; Parlak, Y; Çam, SNatural radionuclide activity concentration of surface soils at 64 locations in central Manisa were measured using gamma spectrometry (ORTEC). The natural gamma radioactivity of the terrestrial radionuclides in soil samples and the gamma-absorbed dose rates of these radionuclides in air were calculated. In this study, track etch film (CR-39) was used to determine the distribution of radon levels in dwellings. The average annual effective dose equivalents from the calculated outdoor terrestrial gamma radiation for a person in Manisa is 66 mu Sv, whilst the annual effective dose equivalent from Rn-222 is calculated to be 4.83 mSv/yr. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Natural radionuclides in the building materials used in Manisa City, TurkeyErees, FS; Dayanlkli, SA; Çam, SThe activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in brick, cement and sand samples used as building materials in Manisa province were analysed by a gamma-ray spectroscopy coupled with a Nal (TI) detector. Doses received by the citizens living in Manisa due to these building materials were also calculated. The highest activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 found in the sand samples were 1559.10 Bq(.)kg(-1), 142.48 Bq(.)kg(-1) and 1711.47 Bq(.)kg(-1), respectively. The maximum mean of radium equivalent activity Ra-eq was 945 Bq(.)kg(-1) calculated for levels in sand, gravel and stone samples.Item Radon concentrations in thermal waters related to seismic events along faults in the Denizli Basin, Western TurkeyErees, FS; Aytas, S; Sac, MM; Yener, G; Salk, MThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the earthquakes and radon concentrations in thermal waters along faults in the Denizli Basin, an area in Turkey known for its high seismic activity and thermal waters. This area was chosen because it exhibits active crustal movements combined with seismicity and there are numerous outflow thermal waters and gas outputs. In addition, this region has the type of tectonic activity where graben groups and faults take place. Measurements of radon levels and of some chemical and physical characteristics of thermal waters were made at seven sampling stations in the region. Radon concentrations were measured by a ZnS(Ag) scintillation counter in a collector chamber. The activity levels varied between 0.67 and 25.90 kBq m(-3) during the period of May-December 2000. In the evaluation of the results, the seismic data reported by Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Seismological Laboratory were used. The increases observed in radon concentration at two stations were probably related to the earthquakes that took place in the region during the study period. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Cytogenetic effects of 99technetium on meristematic cells of root tips of Vicia faba L. andstatistical comparisonÖzdemir, A; Bozdag, B; Sepet, H; Parlak, Y; Kocabas, O; Erees, FS; Özdemir, CIn this study, cytogenetic effects of (99)technetium (Tc-99) on meristematic cells of root tips belonging to Vicia faba L. have been investigated. Seeds of the plant were prepared and kept in Tc-99 standard for different time periods: 1/12, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 h. Seeds treated with Tc-99 were sprouted and the root tips obtained were prepared for microscopic examination. Some abnormalities e.g. chromosome breaking, chromosome dispersion, bridge chromosomes, chromosome adherence and ring chromosomes were observed. Abnormalities seen for each treatment depended on the time period. The variety and number of abnormalities usually increased with increased treatment time. The results obtained were evaluated statistically.