Browsing by Author "Erhan, Y"
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Item Effects of octreotide and propranolol on colonic mucosa in rats with portal hypertensive colopathyAydede, H; Sakarya, A; Erhan, Y; Kara, E; Ilkgul, O; Ozdemir, NBackground/Aims: The aim of the study is to clarify the effects of actreotide and propranolol, agents used in the treatment of portal hypertension, on mucosal changes in portal hypertensive colopathy. Methodology: Portal hypertension was induced in all rats by partial portal vein ligation, and after the operation all rats were caged for a 10-week period. Then, animals were divided into three groups and for two weeks medical treatment were administered to the individual groups as follows: Control group, octreotide 100 mup/kg/12 hours, subcutaneously. Propranolol group, propranolol 20 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally. In order to assess the portal hypertensive colopathy, criteria such as mean diameters of dilated vessels in colonic mucosa, and the existence of mucosal edema, capillary ectasia, hyperemia and hemorrhage inflammation were used. Results: When parameters were compared for the control versus propranolol groups, mucosal edema and hyperemia and hemorrhage criteria were found to be significant for the propranolol group; control versus octreotide groups, mucosal edema, capillary ectasia, and hyperemia and hemorrhage criteria were found to be significant for the octreotide group; octreotide versus propranolol groups, capillary ectasia and mucosal edema criteria were found to be significant for the octreotide group. Conclusions: The mucosal changes in portal hypertensive colopathy could be corrected by drugs modifying portal blood flow, octreotide may find a place in the treatment of portal hypertensive colopathy.Item Pure invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the male breast: report of a rare caseErhan, Y; Erhan, Y; Zekioglu, OItem Effect of polyethylene glycol 4000 on adhesion formation following thyroid surgery in ratsSakarya, A; Ilkgül, Ö; Aydede, H; Erhan, Y; Içöz, G; Kapkaç, M; Alkanat, M; Kara, EBackground & objectives: Difficulties in dissection encountered during. reoperative thyroid surgery could be minimised by preventing formation of adhesions in the,operative field. We studied the prevention of adhesion formation in rats after thyroid surgery by using polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000). Methods: Twenty two rats in two equal groups were studied. Right hemithyroidectomy was performed in both groups with 0.9 per cent saline being instilled in. the operative field in the control group and PEG 4000 solution in the study group. After 10 days, all rats were re-explored and the remaining thyroid tissue of the right lobe was excised. The specimens were scored according to the thickness of the connective tissue over the remainder of the thyroid gland. Results: The connective tissue thickness over the remaining tissue of the thyroid gland in the control and study groups was 272.04 +/- 77.10 and 172.90 +/- 48.92 mum respectively. The decrease of the connective tissue thickness over, the remainder of thyroid gland in the study group Was significant (P<0.05). Interpretation & conclusion: In this animal model although application of PEG 4000 did not completely prevent adhesion formation, a significantly decreased amount of adhesions was found.Item Late diagnosis of a lateral abdominal wall hematoma presenting with nonspecific findingsIlkgül, Ö; Özden, S; Özsoy, Y; Yoleri, L; Erhan, Y; Aydede, HWe report a case with a late diagnosis of posttraumatic lateral abdominal wall hematoma. The patient was admitted with a giant hematoma presenting with pleural effusion, anemia and weight loss on postoperative 30th day after a blunt trauma. Computerized tomography analysis revealed a hematoma extending from axilla to the gluteus. Fine-needle aspiration revealed an exudative fluid and five liters of fluid collection was drained. Misdiagnosed lateral abdominal wall hematomas can be diagnosed with nonspecific findings as in this case.Item Double acute appendicitis in appendical duplicationSahin, ST; Erhan, Y; Aydede, HDuplication of the vermiform appendix is a rare congenital abnormality and usually found incidentally during laparotomy. The Modified Cave-Wallbridge classification is used to describe the location of the appendixes in relation to each other and to the cecum as well as the extent of the duplication. We report a 45-year-old patient who underwent laparotomy for acute abdominal pain. The operative finding was double acute appendicitis in appendical duplication. The appendixes were removed separately, as it was type B duplication. Since appendectomy is the most common abdominal operation, all surgeons should keep this rare clinical entity in mind.Item Value of P53 protein expression and its relationship with short-term prognosis in colorectal cancerErhan, Y; Korkut, MA; Kara, E; Aydede, H; Sakarya, A; Ilkgül, ÖItem Ondansetron, granisetron, and dexamethasone compared for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomyErhan, Y; Erhan, E; Aydede, H; Yumus, O; Yentur, ABackground Laparoscopic cholecystectomies are associated with an appreciably high rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron, granisetron, and dexamethasone for the prevention of PONV in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 80 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical class I-II patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. All patients received a similar standardized anesthesia and operative treatment. Patients were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20 each). Group 1, consisting of control patients, received 0.9% NaCl; group 2 patients received ondansetron 4 mg i.v.; group 3 patients received granisetron 3 mg i.v.; and group 4 patients received dexamethasone 8 mg i.v., all before the induction of anesthesia. Both nausea and vomiting were assessed during the first 24 h after the procedure. Results The total incidence of PONV was 75% with placebo, 35% with ondansetron, 30% with granisetron, and 25% with dexamethasone. The incidence of PONV was significantly less frequent in groups receiving antiemetics (p < 0.05). The differences between dexamethasone, granisetron, and ondansetron were not significant. Conclusions Prophylactic dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dexamethasone 8 mg was as effective as ondansetron 4 mg and granisetron 3 mg, and it was more effective than placebo.Item Effects of ocreotide on intestinal mucosa in rats with portal hypertensive enteropathyAydede, H; Vatansever, HS; Erhan, Y; Ilkgül, OTo clarify the effects of long-term ocreotide (a long-acting somatostatin analogue) treatment on mucosal changes in a rat model of portal hypertensive enteropathy, groups of mate Swiss albino rats (n = 15 each) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms. These were: sham laparotomy+twice daily subcutaneous saline 0.5mL (Group 1); portal hypertension induction+twice daily subcutaneous saline 0.5 mL (Group 2); and portal hypertension induction+subcutaneous ocreotide 100 mu g/kg/12h (Group 3). After 12 weeks of treatment, jejunal and ilea( tissue specimens were obtained and evaluated histopathologically (villus/crypt ratio, mean diameter of dilated vessels, mucosal edema, and fibromuscular proliferation in the lamina propria) and immunohistochemically (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (F8), and cluster of differentiation 34 (034) [abetting). In jejunal. specimens, the villus/crypt ratio was markedly lower in Group 2 (2.38 +/- 0.46 mu m) than in Group 1(5.07 +/- 2.25 mu m) or Group 3 (4.97 +/- 2.19 mu m); mean diameter of dilated vessels was markedly higher in Group 2 (43.30 +/- 5.71 mu m) than in Group 1 (33.53 +/- 4.00 mu m) or Group 3 (36.76 +/- 3.96 mu m); mucosal edema and fibromuscular proliferation were universally absent in Group 1 when compared with the other groups. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between Groups 1 and 2 for villus/crypt ratio, mean diameter of dilated vessels, VEGF immunolabelling intensity, and CD34 immunolabelling intensity; between Groups 1 and 3 for mean diameter of dilated vessels, VEGF immunolabelling intensity, and CD34 immunolabelling intensity; and between Groups 2 and 3 for villus/crypt ratio, mean diameter of dilated vessels, and VEGF immunolabelling intensity. In ileal. tissue specimens, the villus/crypt ratio was markedly lower in Group 2 (5.51 +/- 0.67 mu m) than in either Group 1 (7.19 +/- 2.18 mu m) or Group 3 (7.62 +/- 2.58 mu m); mean diameter of dilated vessels was markedly higher in Group 2 (46.36 +/- 4.77 mu m) than in either Group 1 (36.43 +/- 4.57 mu m) or Group 3 (41.31 +/- 4.70 mu m); white mucosal edema was absent in Group 1, it was present in Group 2 and Group 3; and fibromuscular proliferation was universally absent. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between Groups 1 and 2 for villus/crypt ratio and mean diameter of dilated vessels; between Groups 1 and 3 for mean diameter of dilated vessels; and between Groups 2 and 3 for villus/crypt ratio, mean diameter of dilated vessels, and VEGF immunolabelling intensity. Together, these findings indicate that ocreotide treatment ameliorates histomorphological changes in a rat model of portal hypertensive enteropathy. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Item Chronic pain after Lichtenstein and preperitoneal (posterior) hernia repairErhan, Y; Erhan, E; Aydede, H; Mercan, M; Tok, DBackground: Hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures, and some patients suffer from chronic pain after hernia surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate chronic post-herniorrhaphy pain in men who underwent Lichtenstein mesh repair or preperitoneal (posterior) repair. Methods: Our study included 94 male inpatients. Two surgeons experienced in both Lichtenstein and preperitoneal hernia repair performed the procedures. We controlled postoperative pain with systemic analgesic therapy. We evaluated the patients over the subsequent 12 months, using a questionnaire to focus on chronic pain and its limitations to their quality of life. Results: The overall incidence of chronic pain at 2 months was 5%. About 6% of patients who underwent Lichtenstein repair (n =70) and 4% of patients who underwent preperitoneal repair (n =24) experienced chronic pain. All patients with chronic pain rated their pain as slight or moderate. Their pain was present occasionally and was related to physical stress. None of the patients were unable to work. After 12 months of follow-up, the overall incidence of chronic pain decreased to 3%, with 3 patients in Lichtenstein group reporting chronic pain with slight limitations in sports and social activities. Conclusion: The incidence rates of chronic pain after Lichtenstein and preperitoneal repair were 6% and 4%, respectively. Inpatient status might have resulted in low incidences with both approaches.Item Effect of portal vein occlusion on the pancreasAydede, H; Erhan, Y; Ikgül, O; Cilaker, S; Sakarya, A; Vatansever, SBackground: The effects of portal vein occlusion on the pancreas are not clearly understood. Therefore, we studied histomorphological changes induced in the rat pancreas by various periods of portal vein occlusion. Materials and methods: Sixty female Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups of 15 each. In Group I (control), rats underwent sham laparotomy to expose the portal vein proximal to its bifurcation. In Groups II-IV, rats underwent laparotomy followed by portal vein occlusion by clamping for 15, 30, and 60 minutes respectively. The pancreas was removed immediately after sham laparotomy in Group I and immediately after clamp release in Groups II-IV. Pancreatic tissue specimens were subjected to histochemical analysis for cell typing and diagnosis, immunohistochemical analysis for identification of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS), and TUNEL analysis was carried out for identification of apoptotic cells. Results: Histochemistry revealed signs of inflammation in pancreatic tissue from rats subjected to portal vein occlusion. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta and the oxidative damage indicator iNOS in rat pancreatic tissue increased progressively with the duration of portal vein occlusion. TUNEL assay revealed no signs of apoptosis in any of the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that portal vein occlusion triggers an inflammatory response in the pancreas that worsens the longer the occlusion lasts.Item Effect of mesh and its localisation on testicular flow and spermatogenesis in patients with groin herniaAydede, H; Erhan, Y; Sakarya, A; Kara, E; Ilkgül, Ö; Can, MIn this study, the long-term effects of mesh and its localisation (i.e. anterior or posterior) on testicular perfusion and testicular function were evaluated in groin hernia patients. Testicular function has been evaluated with spermiogram and testicular perfusion with colour Doppler ultrasonography. Group I : consisted of 30 posterior preperitoneal mesh repair patients Group 11 : consisted of 30 anterior tension-free repair patients. The operation types were randomised with a systematic sampling method. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-operative and postoperative spermiogram results for both groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of Doppler flow parameters (PSV, EDV, RI and PI) for pre-operative, early and late postoperative periods. When Doppler flow parameters were compared for group I, statistically significant differences were found between preoperative and early postoperative values. No statistically significant difference was found between pre-operative and late postoperative values. This is also true for early postoperative values versus late postoperative values. When Doppler flow parameters were compared for group II, statistically significant differences were found between pre-operative and early postoperative values. No statistically significant difference was found between pre-operative and late postoperative values. This is also true for early postoperative values versus late postoperative values. These results support the idea that inguinal mesh application is still a safe procedure in patients with no children or who are undergoing infertility treatment, where testicular function is important.Item Effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on experimental acute lung injury in ratsErbüyün, K; Vatansever, S; Tok, D; Ok, G; Turköz, E; Aydede, H; Erhan, Y; Tekin, IThe effects of levosimendan on acute lung injury induced by peritonitis and abdominal hypertension in the early stages of sepsis in rats were investigated. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomized into: (1) sham, (2) subjected to abdominal hypertension and peritonitis induced lung injury using cecal ligation and puncture, then treated by dobutamine, (3) subjected to abdominal hypertension and peritonitis induced lung injury using cecal ligation and puncture, then treated by levosimendan, and (4) controls subjected to abdominal hypertension and peritonitis induced lung injury using cecal ligation and puncture with no treatment. In the control and levosimendan groups, cecal ligation and puncture resulted in moderate IL-1 beta immunolabelling in lung tissue; marked IL-1 beta immunolabelling was demonstrated in the dobutamine group. TNF-alpha immunolabelling was negative in both the sham and levosimendan groups, but moderate and weak immunoreactivities were observed in the dobutamine and control groups, respectively. There were almost no TUNEL positive cells in the sham, but they were prominent in the control. TUNEL positive cells were significantly less in the levosimendan treated lungs when compared to control and dobutamine groups. Immunoreactivity of eNOS was stronger in the dobutamine group when compared with the levosimendan group. In addition, iNOS immunoreactivity was strongly detected in the control group; this immunoreactivity was less in the levosimendan group than the dobutamine group. In this experimental sepsis model, treatment with levosimendan had a marked effect on attenuating or decreasing apoptosis and inflammation in the lung. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Item A Case of Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum Following Enterocutaneous FistulaSahin, MT; Öztürkcan, S; Ermertcan, AT; Erhan, Y; Türkdogan, PPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon ulcerative skin disorder that is often associated with underlying systemic diseases, the most common of which is inflammatory bowel disease. It can rarely develop after minor trauma or surgery. Most reports of this condition developing after abdominal surgery have been reported following ostomy formation. Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG), an unusual variant of PG, has been reported almost exclusively in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and is frequently misdiagnosed. We describe a 62-year-old woman with refractory PG, which has developed at surgical site of enterocutaneous fistula operation. As PG can mimic a necrotizing soft tissue infection, multiple unnecessary surgical procedures can be performed on such a patient, without improvement. A right diagnosis, based upon the distinctive clinical features and a compatible histology, is essential to avoid surgical procedure that often tends to exacerbate this unusual process.Item Levosimendan up-regulates transforming growth factor-beta and Smad signaling in the aorta in the early stage of sepsisErbüyün, K; Tok, D; Vatansever, S; Ok, G; Türköz, E; Aydede, H; Erhan, Y; Tekin, IBACKGROUND This prospective, controlled experimental study was planned to investigate the effects of levosimendan on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 3 and Smad1, Smad2 and Smad3 expression in the early stages of sepsis. METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomized into four groups: 1) sham-operated controls, 2) dobutamine group - subjected to abdominal hypertension and peritonitis-induced sepsis using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), then treated with 10 mu g.kg(-1)min(-1) intravenous (IV) dobutamine infusion, 3) levosimendan group - as in 2, then treated with levosimendan IV bolus 200 mu g.kg(-1) followed by 200 mu g.kg.(-1)min(-1) IV infusion, and 4) a control group as in 2, with no treatment. All rats were killed 8 hours after CLP. Aorta tissue samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS CLP caused mild interleukin (IL)-1 immunostaining in both control and dobutamine groups. Immunoreactivity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was mild in both sham and control groups. TGF-beta 3 immunostaining was mildly increased in groups sham, control and dobutamine, whereas it was found moderate in group levosimendan. Smad1, Smad2 and Smad3 were found moderately increased only in group levosimendan. CONCLUSION Beneficial effects of levosimendan on hemodynamics and global oxygen transport were reported in experimental and clinical trials. Besides its potency on C++ ion sensitivity, it should influence inflammatory cytokine production by diminishing TGF-beta 3 and Smad1, Smad2 and Smad3 expression.Item Effect of selective gut decontamination on peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in ratsIlkul, Ö; Erhan, Y; Aydede, H; Var, A; Onur, EPurpose: Our goal with this experiment was to determine the influence of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into five groups. Group 1 was subjected to SDD-treated peritoneal adhesion. Group 2 was subjected only to perioneal adhesion. Group 3 was SDD-treated, whereas Group 4 was labeled as the control group. Group 5 was subjected to simple laparotomy. The rats in Group 1 and Group 3 were given SDD (tobramycin 20 mg/l and polymyxin E 25 mg/l) by gavage twice daily for 3 days preceding surgical operation. Control groups were fed orally with standard chow. After a 72-hour waiting period following the operation, biopsies of undamaged parietal peritoneum were obtained from the fibrinolytic parameters in order to measure tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). Results: Average tPA levels were low in both the sdd-treated group and the sdd+ adhesion model group, however no statistical significance was elicited. PAI-1 levels were higher in sdd-treated groups than in other groups, but no significantly meaningful difference was obtained. Conclusion: These results suggest that pretreatment with sdd reduces the peritoneal fibrinolytic activity and might also enhance the peritoneal adhesion formation in rats.Item A case of large mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a long-standing fistula-in-anoErhan, Y; Sakarya, A; Aydede, H; Demir, A; Seyhan, A; Atici, EBackground. Chronic anal fistulas are not rare conditions, however, the development of a carcinoma in a long-standing fistula-in-ano is rare. Methods: The case of a 77-year-old male with a large perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a long-standing fistula-in-ano is presented. Results: Perianal biopsy revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma. Abdominal CT, double contrast barium examination and flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed no other tumoral lesion in the colon and rectum. Conclusion: The patient underwent abdominoperineal resection including wide tumor excision on the gluteal region. The final reconstruction was performed by bilateral gracilis musculocutaneous flaps. Due to clinical and histopathological evidence it was thought that a curative resection had been performed. To date he is clinically disease free. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.Item Pretreatment with pro- and synbiotics reduces peritonitis-induced acute lung injury in ratsTok, D; Ilkgul, O; Bengmark, S; Aydede, H; Erhan, Y; Taneli, F; Ulman, C; Vatansever, S; Kose, C; Ok, GBackground: To study whether enteral pretreatment with a synbiotic composition of lactic acid bacteria and bioactive fibers can reduce peritonitis-induced lung neutrophil infiltration and tissue injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups, and subjected: to induction of peritonitis-induced lung injury using a cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP). All animals were pretreated for 3 weeks prior the CLP by daily gavage with either (1) a synbiotic composition (10(10) CFU of Pediococcus pentosaceus 5-33:3,: 10(10) CFU of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 77:1, 10(10) CFU of L. paracasei subspecies paracasei, 10(10) CFU of L. plantarum 2362 plus fermentable fibers), (2) fermentable fibers alone, (3) nonfermentable fibers, (4) a probiotic composition (10(10), CFU of P. pentosaceus 5-33:3, 10(10) CFU of L. mesenteroides 77:1, 10(10) CFU of L. paracasei subsp. paracasei, 10(10) CFU of L. plantarum 2,362), or (5) a heat-killed probiotic composition. All animals were killed 24 hours after CLP and lung tissue samples were studied for degree of neutrophil infiltration and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, Interleukin (IL)-1 beta. In addition the lung wet-to-dry tissue weight ratio, the myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde content were also assessed. Results: No mortality was encountered in any of the groups. Histologic signs of lung injury (number of neutrophils and TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta staining) were observed in all groups except the synbiotic and probiotic treated groups. Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde content were significantly lower in the two lactobacillus-pretreated groups, with no difference between them. Heavy infiltration of lung tissue with neutrophils was observed only in fiber-treated (302.20 +/- 7.92) and placebo-treated (266.90 +/- 8.92) animals. This was totally abolished in the synbiotic-treated group (34.40 +/- 2.49). Lung edema (wet-to-dry lung weight ratio) was significantly reduced in the synbiotic-treated group (4.92 +/- 0.13 vs. 5.07 +/- 0.08 and 5.39 +/- 0.10, respectively). Conclusion: Three weeks of preoperative enteral administration of a synbiotic composition reduced peritonitis-induced acute lung injury in rats in a CLP model.Item Determination of apoptosis and cell cycle modulators (p16, p21, p27, p53, BCL-2, Bax, BCL-xL, and cyclin D1) in thyroid follicular carcinoma, follicular adenoma, and adenomatous nodules via a tissue microarray methodTemiz, P; Akkas, G; Nese, N; Ugur Duman, F; Karakas, C; Erhan, YBackground/aim: To identify the role of gene products associated with apoptosis and cell cycle in the pathogenesis of thyroid follicular neoplasm. Materials and methods: Thirty follicular adenomas (FAs), 16 follicular carcinomas (FCs), and 20 adenomatous nodules (ANs) were investigated with immunohistochemical staining of p16, p21, p27, p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, and cyclin D1 via a tissue microarray method. Results: Bcl-2 showed a significant difference between the benign groups (AN and FA) and the malignant group (FC). Bax was significantly higher in the FC group. p53 was lowest in the AN group and highest in the FC group with significant differences between the groups. p16 was significantly higher in the FC group than in the other groups. There was a significant difference between the AN group and neoplastic lesions in terms of p21 staining. The number of cases with positive p27 was lower in the AN group than the neoplastic groups. There was no significant difference in terms of Bcl-xL and cyclin D1. Conclusion: Cell cycle modulators, led by the Bcl-2 family, played an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid follicular neoplasm, and p53, p16, and p21 in particular played a role in the carcinogenesis of FC.Item Do Clinical and Immunohistochemical Findings of Pure Mucinous Breast Carcinoma Differ from Mixed Mucinous Breast Carcinoma ?Erhan, Y; Ciris, M; Zekioglu, O; Erhan, Y; Kapkac, M; Makay, Ö; Ozdemir, NMucinous carcinoma of the breast is a relatively rare histologic type with two subtypes : pure and mixed. It has a favourable prognosis with a low risk of axillary metastases. The prognosis for pure mucinous carcinoma (PMC) was much better than for the mixed mucinous carcinoma (MMC). The aim of the study is to determine suitable candidates for breast or axillary conservation in mucinous carcinoma subtypes. The slides of 26 pure and 23 mixed mucinous carcinomas of the breast were evaluated. The clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features between PMCs and MMCs were compared. MMC displayed greater metastatic potential (p < 0.05), p53 positivity (p < 0.05) and c-erbB-2 positivity (p < 0.001) than PMCs. PMCs smaller than 2 cm had less metastatic capacity and extranodal invasion compared to MMCs smaller than 2 cm (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). MMCs smaller than 2 cm displayed weaker ER positivity but greater c-erbB-2 positivity than PMCs smaller than 2 cm (p < 0.01). In conclusion, MMC had worse prognostic factors than PMC with both types of mucinous carcinoma showing similar ER and PR positive status. Even if PMCs and especially smaller PMCs display more favourable prognostic features, including less axillary lymph node involvement, it is appropriate to use sentinel lymph node biopsy to make better axillary assessment.Item Invasive lobular carcinoma of the male breastErhan, Y; Zekioglu, O; Erhan, Y