Browsing by Author "Gelal A."

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    Penetration of amikacin into aqueous humor of rabbits
    (2001) Erkin E.F.; Günenç U.; Öner F.H.; Gelal A.; Erkin Y.; Güven H.
    Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that has poor corneal penetration due to its hydrophilic properties. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the penetration of amikacin sulfate into aqueous humor of the rabbit eye when applied by different routes and concentrations, namely 100 or 250 mg/ml topical fortified amikacin eye drops, 100 or 250 mg/ml amikacin-embedded soft contact lenses and 25 mg subconjunctival amikacin injection. One hour after application, amikacin was not detectable in any of the 100 mg/ml concentration groups. High levels of amikacin above the minimum inhibitory concentration for susceptible bacteria were detected when applied subconjunctivally and by 250 mg/ml topical fortified routes. Topical fortified amikacin 250 mg/ml reached the highest value in the aqueous (p < 0.05). Our results point out the poor corneal penetration of amikacin in standard concentrations from the intact rabbit cornea and that subconjunctival injections might provide satisfactory penetration. Copyright © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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    Effects of amnio-allantoic fluid exchange on bowel contractility in chick embryos with gastroschisis
    (W.B. Saunders, 2002) Şencan A.; Gümüştekin M.; Gelal A.; Arslan O.; Özer E.; Mir E.
    Background/Purpose: Intestinal damage in patients with gastroschisis is characterized by bowel wall thickening, intestinal dilatation, mesenteric shortening, and a fibrous peel. The prevention of intestinal damage in gastroschisis by amnio-allantoic fluid (AAF) exchange has been reported using histologic and macroscopic evaluation of intestines, but the effects of this treatment on bowel contractility have not been investigated. The current study was performed to determine the effect of AAF exchange on the intestinal contractility in chick embryos with gastroschisis. Methods: Thirteen-day-old fertilized chick eggs were used. Gastroschisis was created through amnio-allantoic cavity. There were 3 study groups: control group, gastroschisis-only group, and gastroschisis-plus-exchange group. The bowels were evaluated by an in vitro muscle strip technique, and the response was expressed as a percentage of the maximum acetylcholine evoked contraction (Emax) in each tissue obtained. Additionally, parasympathetic ganglion cells per 10 plexus at the intestinal wall were counted. Differences between groups were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer. Probabilities of less than 5% were considered significant. Results: The intestines were thickened and covered by fibrous peel in the gastroschisis-only group when compared with the control group and the gastroschisis exchange group morphologically. There was a statistically significant decrease in contractility in the gastroschisis-only group compared with the control group (P < .05). It exerted 42.03 ± 46.73% contraction of control group's Emax. This decrease in contractility was significantly reversed in the exchange group (P < .05; Emax value of gastroschisis plus exchange group was 71.45 ± 23.54% of control group's Emax). Although the number of ganglia per 10 plexus was 76.7 ± 4.3 in the control group, it was measured 28% less in the gastroschisis-only group (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the ganglion numbers of control and exchange groups. Conclusions: Prenatal AAF exchange treatment prevents decreased bowel contractility in gastroschisis. Gastroschisis does not affect intestinal ganglia morphology, but the number of ganglion cells decreases. AAF exchange prevents these functional and morphologic adverse effects of disease. By these findings the expectancy of a better clinical result in gastroschisis with intrauterine pretreatment by amniotic fluid exchange increases. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.