Browsing by Author "Kahraman, H"

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    Wear behavior of ultrasonic impact treated S235JR steel
    Kahraman, F; Kahraman, H; Yolcu, C; Kahraman, AD
    In this study, wear behavior of ultrasonic impact treated S235JR steel was investigated. Samples were peened for different times (5, 15 and 30 minutes) by ultrasonic impact treatment. It was found that triple layers (nanocrystallization, plastic deformation and residual stress) formed on the treated surface. The thickness of the layers treated samples increased with increasing treatment time. It was also determined that surface roughness of treated samples decreased with increasing treatment time. All treated samples have significant surface hardness. Nanocrystallization layer on top of the treated surface has the highest hardness values in comparison with the hardness of the other layers. The treatment increases not only surface hardness, but also wear resistance of all treated samples. The maximum wear resistance was observed for the 30 min treated samples due to the high hardness and thickness of the nanocrystallization layers.
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    LOW-TEMPERATURE NITRIDING BEHAVIOR OF COMPRESSIVE DEFORMED AISI 316Ti AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS
    Kahraman, F; Gençer, GM; Kahraman, AD; Yolcu, C; Kahraman, H
    The effects of compressive cold deformation under the quasi-static loads on the nitride formation, nitride layer growth and surface hardness properties were researched in this study. Martensite structure did not form in AISI 316Ti stainless steel as a result of quasi-static deformation. Diffusion layer did not form in all nitrided samples. Both the deformed and undeformed samples have only compound layer on the surfaces at the low-temperature nitriding conditions (400 degrees C, 7h). According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) results, S-phase and chromium nitride (CrN) were formed in the compound layers of the deformed samples. However, CrN did not form in the compound layer of the undeformed sample. The optical microscope (OM) results showed that the compressive cold deformation increased the nitrogen diffusion rate and led to thicker nitrided layer than the undeformed sample under the same plasma-nitriding conditions. All nitrided layers presented higher microhardness values ( similar to 1200 HV) when compared with the untreated sample hardness. It was also verified that the deformation amount did not affect significantly the nitrided layer hardness.
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    Assessment of Compliance with Bundle Programs for the Prevention of Bloodstream Infections
    Kahraman, H; Erdem, HA; Mermer, S; Kivrak, EE; Çaglayan, D; Karakoç, E; Erben, N
    Introduction: Bloodstream infections are a significant public health problem in hospitals, leading to increased hospital stays, costs, mortality, and morbidity. This study aims to evaluate compliance with the National Healthcare -Associated Infections Prevention Bundle Guidelines, published in March 2021. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a multicenter research between August and September 2022, involving physicians and nurses providing services in adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care units. Surveys were administered to collect data on participants' demographic information, professional experiences, and practices related to catheter insertion and care. Results: The study included 156 nurses and 81 physicians from 24 different centers. Among the participating physicians, 41 were female, with an average age of 36.4 +/- 9.1 years. It was observed that physicians had a compliance rate of 95% for hand hygiene before catheter insertion and 100% for using sterile gloves. The utilization rates for masks, sterile gowns, and caps were found to be 95%, 72.8%, and 56%, respectively. It was noted that a sterile full -body drape was used in 81% of cases. For skin antisepsis, 75.3% of physicians used povidone-iodine, 13.6% used chlorhexidine, 9.9% used povidone-iodine/alcohol, and 1.2% used chlorhexidine/ alcohol. Additionally, 76.5% of physicians reported waiting for the antiseptic to dry, while 19.9% stated that they would continue with the procedure despite being warned about the inadequate maintenance of sterility during the process. In the study, 136 (87.2%) of the participating nurses were female, with an average age of 31.7 +/- 7.6 years. Hand hygiene compliance before catheter contact was 96.8%, while it was 99.4% after contact. 94.9% of the participants reported providing disinfection before touching the catheter, and 90.4% stated they performed disinfection after contact. The usage rate of checklists during catheter insertion was 87.2%, and during catheter care, it was 86.5%. 28 (34.6%) of the physicians and 74 (47.4%) of the nurses reported receiving training on bloodstream infection prevention bundles within the last year. Conclusion: The National Healthcare -Associated Infections Prevention Bundle Guidelines are an important step to reduce hospital infections in our country. Nevertheless, there is an observed lack of standardization across different hospitals in the implementation of these guidelines. It is believed that integrating bundle practices into routine applications and promoting behavioral changes can lead to improvements in infection rates in our country.
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    ABSTRACT Are Family Physicians and Medical Students Aware of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection?
    Nazli, A; Sertcelik, A; Kahraman, H; Erdem, HA; Mermer, S; Çaglayan, D; Kivrak, EE; Tasbakan, MI
    Introduction: Chronic hepatitis C is a public health problem that can result in cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death, which can be cured with current treatments. In our study, we evaluated the level of knowledge and awareness of medical school students and family physicians about chronic hepatitis C.Materials and Methods: Our study was carried out between 01.06.2022 and 01.08.2022, between the 1st and 6th grade medical students, family physicians (family medicine residents, family medicine specialists) using an online questionnaire.Results: In our study, 536 medical faculty students and 162 family physicians were recruited. Two hundred seventy one (50.6%) of the students were male and the median age was 23.0 (2.0) years. Of the family physicians, 84 (51.2%) were male, the median age was 30 (24-68) years and the median time in the profession was 14.5 (1-40) years. Students answered 69.2% of the questions correctly, and family physicians answered 73% correctly. While the students knew the transmission routes of hepatitis C mostly (97.2%), they got the less information about the testing (34.9%) and treatment (21.9%). Family physicians answered the questions about the transmission routes of hepatitis C with a high rate (99.4%), and the questions about the groups that should be tested (28%) and the questions about the treatment of hepatitis C less correctly (29.4%). In the multivariate analysis, the factors affecting the median knowledge score of the students were male gender (p= 0.019), the student's class (p= 0.002), having Infectious diseases and clinical microbiology committee (p= 0.005) and gastroenterology committee (p= 0.027). The only factor affecting the median knowledge score of family physicians was the use of online presentations by experts in their fields as a source of information (p= 0.003). 67% of the students and 87.2% of the family physicians answered the question How do you manage the person when the anti-HCV screening test is positive? as I will refer the patient to the infectious diseases and clinical microbiology or gastroenterology .Conclusion: In our study, it was found that awareness of screening and treatment was low in both groups. Considering that the main factors related to the level of knowledge of medical students are having committee of the gastroenterology and infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, and online presentations of experienced teachers in family physicians, preparing a special content for these groups may be useful in raising awareness and level of knowledge.
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    Investigation of Bacterial and Viral Etiology in Community Acquired Central Nervous System Infections with Molecular Methods
    Kahraman, H; Tünger, A; Senol, S; Gazi, H; Avci, M; Örmen, B; Türker, N; Atalay, S; Köse, S; Ulusoy, S; Tasbakan, MI; Sipahi, OR; Yamazhan, T; Gülay, Z; Çavus, SA; Pullukçu, H
    In this multicenter prospective cohort study, it was aimed to evaluate the bacterial and viral etiology in community-acquired central nervous system infections by standart bacteriological culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Patients hospitalized with central nervous system infections between April 2012 and February 2014 were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical information of the patients were collected prospectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of the patients were examined by standart bacteriological culture methods, bacterial multiplex PCR (Seeplex meningitis-B ACE Detection (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Group B streptococci) and viral multiplex PCR (Seeplex meningitis-V1 ACE Detection kits herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV6)) (Seeplex meningitis-V2 ACE Detection kit (enteroviruses)). Patients were classified as purulent meningitis, aseptic meningitis and encephalitis according to their clinical, CSF (leukocyte level, predominant cell type, protein and glucose (blood/CSF) levels) and cranial imaging results. Patients who were infected with a pathogen other than the detection of the kit or diagnosed as chronic meningitis and other diseases during the follow up, were excluded from the study. A total of 79 patients (28 female, 51 male, aged 42.1 +/- 18.5) fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. A total of 46 patients were classified in purulent meningitis group whereas 33 were in aseptic meningitis/encephalitis group. Pathogens were detected by multiplex PCR in 41 patients. CSF cultures were positive in 10 (21.7%) patients (nine S.pneumoniae, one H.influenzae) and PCR were positive for 27 (58.6%) patients in purulent meningitis group. In this group one type of bacteria were detected in 18 patients (14 S.pneumoniae, two N.meningitidis, one H.influenzae, one L.monocytogenes). Besides, it is noteworthy that multiple pathogens were detected such as bacteria-virus combination in eight patients and two different bacteria in one patient. In the aseptic meningitis/encephalitis group, pathogens were detected in 14 out of 33 patients; single type of viruses in 11 patients (seven enterovirus, two HSV1, one HSV2, one VZV) and two different viruses were determined in three patients. These data suggest that multiplex PCR methods may increase the isolation rate of pathogens in central nervous system infections. Existence of mixed pathogen growth is remarkable in our study. Further studies are needed for the clinical relevance of this result.