Browsing by Author "Kalmiş E."
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Item Agar-plate screening for textile dye decolorisation by white rot fungi Pleurotus species (Pleurotus cornucopiae var.citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju)(2007) Kalmiş E.; Azbar N.; Kalyoncu F.A screening test for five different white rot fungal strains (Pleurotus species: Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju) was carried out to assess their decolorisation capacities for five different textile dyestuffs, namely Indanthren yellow F3GC Collosiol (IYFC), Blue CC Dranix (BCCD), Indanthren Blue CLF Collosiol (IB), Remazol Brilliant Blue BB (RB), and Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B (LBB) on agar plates. Full decolorisation was observed only for RB and LBB (dye concentrations <20 mg L-1). Similar to LBB dye, IB was also not decolorized at all dye concentrations above 20 mg L-1, but the original color of the dye was converted into yellow below 20 mg L-1 by all organisms used. None of the organism used in this study was able to fully decolorize IYFC dye, but conversion of original color of the dye into brown was observed for all dye concentrations. In addition, no decolorisation was observed for BCCD at all dye concentrations used. In terms of radial growth, in most cases, low dye concentrations (< 200 mg L-1) were well tolerated by the organisms used, except for some of them, showing either retardation or full inhibition in growth. © by PSP 2007.Item Ligninolytic enzyme activities in mycelium of some wild and commercial mushrooms(2008) Kalmiş E.; Yaşa I.; Kalyoncu F.; Pazarbaşi B.; Koçyiǧit A.Lignin is probably one of the most recalcitrant compounds synthesized by plants. This compound is degraded by few microorganisms. White-rot fungi have been extensively studied due to its powerful ligninolytic enzymes. In this study, ligninolytic enzyme activities of different fungal species (six commercial and 13 wild) were investigated in solid and liquid culture media. It was postulated that, among the wild strains, only Pleurotus ostreatus-1 (MCC45), P. ostreatus-2 (MCC40), Pleurotus eryngii-1 (MCC25) and P. eryngii-2 (MCC26), and commercial strains P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. eryngii presented lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity. All enzymes tested in this study were not determined in Rigidoporus ulmarius, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Tricholoma caligatum as well as commercial strain Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Therefore, the results of the present study allow us to conclude that wild P. ostreatus and P. eryngii are good candidates for scale-up ligninolytic enzyme production. © 2008 Academic Journals.Item Evaluation of two wild types of Pleurotus ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from nature for their ability to decolorize Benazol Black ZN textile dye in comparison to some commercial types of white rot fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus djamor, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus(2008) Kalmiş E.; Azbar N.; Kalyoncu F.Biological decolorization of Benazol Black ZN, a reactive azo-type textile dyestuff, was comparatively studied using 3 different commercial-type white rot fungi strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, Pleurotus djamor, and 2 wild types of P. ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from the nature. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 500 and 1000 mg·L-1. All the organisms studied decolorized Benazol Black ZN to varying degrees. At low dye concentration, both commercial and wild type of P. ostreatus resulted in the best decolorization, conversely, wild-type P. ostreatus (MCC07) was found to be much more robust against increasing dye concentration and provided the best decolorization efficiency at high dye concentration. © 2008 NRC Canada.Item In vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity between the Asian red pine Pinus densiflora and Tricholoma matsutake and allied species from worldwide Pinaceae and Fagaceae forests(2010) Yamada A.; Kobayashi H.; Murata H.; Kalmiş E.; Kalyoncu F.; Fukuda M.Tricholoma matsutake produces commercially valuable, yet uncultivable, mushrooms (matsutake) in association with pines in the Far East and Scandinavia and with both pines and oaks in the foothills of Tibet. Other matsutake mushrooms, such as Tricholoma anatolicum from the Mediterranean regions and Tricholoma magnivelare and Tricholoma sp. from the North Pacific Coast area of Canada and North America as well as Mexico, respectively, are associated with pines or oaks in their natural habitats. Tricholoma bakamatsutake and Tricholoma fulvocastaneum from Asia produce moderately valuable matsutake mushrooms and are solely associated with Fagaceae in nature. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that matsutake mushrooms from Scandinavia, Mediterranean regions, North America, and Tibet form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus densiflora similar to the Far East T. matsutake. In general, worldwide T. matsutake and the symbionts of Pinaceae colonize the rhizospheres of P. densiflora as well as T. matsutake isolated from the host plant. However, T. fulvocastaneum and T. bakamatsutake formed a discontinuous Hartig net and no Hartig net, respectively, and colonized to a lesser extent as compared to T. matsutake. The data suggest that conifer-associated matsutake mushrooms in their native habitat will associate symbiotically with the Asian red pine. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.Item Chemical composition of four wild edible mushroom species collected from southwest anatolia(Gazi Universitesi, 2010) Kalyoncu F.; Ergönül B.; Yildiz H.; Kalmiş E.; Solak M.H.Four different species of wild edible mushrooms (Armillaria mellea, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Meripilus giganteus and Sparassis crispa) representing four different families (Physalacriaceae, Tricholomataceae, Meripilaceae and Sparassidaceae) growing in southwest regions of Anatolia were analyzed for their Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb contents and ash, dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All mineral concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis (d.w.). The mineral content of mushroom samples ranged from 54.00 to 112.33 μg/ g d.w. for Fe, 66.50 to 117.33 μg/ g d.w. for Na, 32.33 to 117.00 μg/ g d.w. for K, 47.40 to 87.40 μg/ g d.w. for Zn, 54.30 to 74.67 μg/ g d.w. for Cu and not detected for Cd and Pb. Na content was higher than other minerals in all mushroom species. This research proves that wild edible fungi can be used in wellbalanced diets due to their nutritive values. Also, their heavy metal contents (Pb, Cd) shows that collection areas are not polluted, therefore all collected mushroom species can be unreservedly consumed without any health risk.Item Determination of microfungi Flora of soil polluted by industrial wastewater in Aydın, İzmir and Manisa city; [Aydın, İzmir ve Manisa i̇llerinde endüstriyel atıksular ile kirlenmiş toprakların mikrofungus Florasının belirlenmesi](Cevkor Vakfi, 2011) Başbülbül G.; Biyik H.; Kalyoncu F.; Kalmiş E.; Oryaşin E.In this study, soil samples of 14 different localities polluted with industrial wastewaters around Aydi{dotless}n, İzmir and Manisa City were taken with seasonal intervals. The samples were brought to the laboratory and their microfungi were isolated and identified. The most frequently isolated genus from soil samples was found to be Aspergillus, followed by genus Penicillium. Among the isolated microfungi, Aspergillus niger is the most abundant species in soil. Microfungal concentrations of soil samples varied between 3,8 × 101 and 1,86 × 105 cfu/g. Depending on seasons, salinity of stations were measured between 0.004% and 0.56%, pH were between 6.36 and 9.81 and organic matter were between 0.13% and 29.15.Item Chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma anatolicum; [Yenilebilir yabani ektomikorizal bir makrofungus olan Tricholoma anatolicum'un kimyasal kompozisyonu ve besinsel deǧeri](2011) Kalmiş E.; Yildiz H.; Ergönül B.; Kalyoncu F.; Solak M.H.The chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom from southwestern Anatolia, Tricholoma anatolicum, were analyzed. Moisture, crude oil, protein, ash, total carbohydrate content, and mineral composition of the mushrooms studied, including Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cd, and Pb, were determined. The energy values of the samples were also calculated. The analyses were conducted during the 3 different growing stages of the mushrooms: mycelium, young fruiting bodies, and mature fruiting bodies. The highest values for moisture and crude oil contents were found to be in the mycelium, ash, and carbohydrate content of young fruiting bodies. In addition, Na content was found to be the highest in mycelium. The highest values for Fe were found in the young fruiting bodies, and K, Zn, Cu, and Ca were at their highest values in mature bodies. None of the samples contained heavy metals Cd or Pb. ©TÜBİTAK.