MCBÜ Açıkerişim Sistemi :: Browsing by Author "Kalmis, E"

Browsing by Author "Kalmis, E"

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Evaluation of Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and Ganoderma lucidum Isolated from Nature for their Ability to Decolorize Synazol Blue and Synazol Red Textile Dyes
Seker, D; Kalyoncu, F; Kalmis, E; Akata, I
Biological decolorization of Synazol Blue and Synazol Red were comparatively studied using three different wild-type white-rot fungi strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and Ganoderma lucidum) isolated from nature. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. All the organisms studied decolorized Synazol Blue to varying degrees. At low dye concentration, fungi strains resulted in the best decolorization, but mycelia negatively affected from increasing dye concentrations.
Feasibility Of using olive mill effluent (OME) as a wetting agent during the cultivation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on wheat straw
Kalmis, E; Azbar, N; Yildlz, H; Kalyoncu, F
In this study, cultivation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on wheat straw substrate containing tap water and olive mill effluent (OME) mixture containing varying volume of OME was studied in order to investigate the feasibility of using OME as an alternative wetting agent and OME's impact on some fundamental food quality characteristics of mushrooms. Time period for mycelial colonization, primordium initiation and first harvest were comparatively evaluated with the control group. It was shown that the use of OME and tap water mixture consisting of OME up to 25% volumetrically was possible for the purpose of commercial mushroom production. Experimental results obtained from substrate containing 25% OME mixture showed no statistically significant difference compared to control group. The negative effects of increasing volume of OME in the mixture were also indicated by bioefficiency, which was found to be 13.8% for substrates wetted with 100% OME, whereas bioefficiency was 53.6% for control group. Increasing volume of OME in the mixture resulted in deformation of fruit body shape, whereas no significant difference in food quality was observed due to the higher amount of OME. This work suggested that the use of OME up to 25% as moisturizer could be considered, especially for the locations having significant number of olive mills and mushroom producers, both as an environmentally friendly solution for the safe and ecological disposal of OME and a practical way for recovering OME's economic value thereby. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Agar-plate screening for textile dye decolorisation by white rot fungi Pleurotus species (Pleurotus cornucopiae var.citrino-pileatus, P-djamor, P-eryngii, P-ostreatus and P-sajor-caju)
Kalmis, E; Azbar, N; Kalyoncu, F
A screening test for five different white rot fungal strains (Pleurotus species: Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. sajorcaju) was carried out to assess their decolorisation capacities for five different textile dyestuffs, namely Indanthren yellow F3GC Collosiol (IYFC), Blue CC Dranix (BCCD), Indanthren Blue CLF Collosiol (IB), Remazol Brilliant Blue BB (RB), and Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B (LBB) on agar plates. Full decolorisation was observed only for RB and LBB (dye concentrations <20 mg L-1). Similar to LBB dye, IB was also not decolorized at all dye concentrations above 20 mg L-1, but the original color of the dye was converted into yellow below 20 mg L-1 by all organisms used. None of the organism used in this study was able to fully decolorize IYFC dye, but conversion of original color of the dye into brown was observed for all dye concentrations. In addition, no decolorisation was observed for BCCD at all dye concentrations used. In terms of radial growth, in most cases, low dye concentrations (< 200 mg L-1) were well tolerated by the organisms used, except for some of them, showing either retardation or full inhibition in growth.
Determination of Microfungi Flora of Soil Polluted by Industrial Wastewater in Aydin, Izmir and Manisa City
Basbülbül, G; Biyik, H; Kalyoncu, F; Kalmis, E; Oryasin, E
In this study, soil samples of 14 different localities polluted with industrial wastewaters around Aydin, Izmir and Manisa City were taken with seasonal intervals. The samples were brought to the laboratory and their microfungi were isolated and identified. The most frequently isolated genus from soil samples was found to be Aspergillus, followed by genus Penicillium. Among the isolated microfungi, Aspergillus niger is the most abundant species in soil. Microfungal concentrations of soil samples varied between 3,8 x 101 and 1,86 x 10(5) cfu/g. Depending on seasons, salinity of stations were measured between 0.004 % and 0.56 %, pH were between 6.36 and 9.81 and organic matter were between 0.13 % and 29.15.
Antimicrobial activity of two wild mushrooms Clitocybe alexandri (Gill.) Konr. and Rhizopogon roseolus (Cords) T.M.!Fries collected from Turkey
Solak, MH; Kalmis, E; Saglam, H; Kalyoncu, F
Two edible wild mushrooms, namely Clitocybe alexandri (Gill.) Konr. (Tricholomataceae) and Rhizopogon roseolus (Cords) T.M. Fries (Rhizopogonaceae), collected from the southwest of Turkey, were tested for their antimicrobial activity by using the disc diffusion method. The ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, water, ethylacetate and n-hexane extracts from the fruit bodies of mushrooms were assayed against 13 microorganisms. In comparison with the test antibiotics penicillin, novobiocin, nalidixic acid and ampicillin, the methanol extract obtained from the two mushrooms presented significant activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter aerogenes. On the other hand, the ethylacetate extract from C. alexandri was found to be active against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas the ethanol extract of Rhizopogon roseolus was active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This research has shown that various extracts obtained from two macrofungi could be used in vitro to inhibit the growth of some important bacteria and fungi. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of two wild types of Pleurotus ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from nature for their ability to decolorize Benazol Black ZN textile dye in comparison to some commercial types of white rot fungi
Kalmis, E; Azbar, N; Kalyoncu, F
Biological decolorization of Benazol Black ZN, a reactive azo-type textile dyestuff, was comparatively studied using 3 different commercial-type white rot fungi strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, Pleurotus djamor, and 2 wild types of P. ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from the nature. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 500 and 1000 mgL(-1). All the organisms studied decolorized Benazol Black ZN to varying degrees. At low dye concentration, both commercial and wild type of P. ostreatus resulted in the best decolorization, conversely, wild-type P.aostreatus (MCC07) was found to be much more robust against increasing dye concentration and provided the best decolorization efficiency at high dye concentration.
Chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma anatolicum
Kalmis, E; Yildiz, H; Ergönül, B; Kalyoncu, F; Solak, MH
The chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom from southwestern Anatolia, Tricholoma anatolicum, were analyzed. Moisture, crude oil, protein, ash, total carbohydrate content, and mineral composition of the mushrooms studied, including Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cd, and Pb, were determined. The energy values of the samples were also calculated. The analyses were conducted during the 3 different growing stages of the mushrooms: mycelium, young fruiting bodies, and mature fruiting bodies. The highest values for moisture and crude oil contents were found to be in the mycelium, ash, and carbohydrate content of young fruiting bodies. In addition, Na content was found to be the highest in mycelium. The highest values for Fe were found in the young fruiting bodies, and K, Zn, Cu, and Ca were at their highest values in mature bodies. None of the samples contained heavy metals Cd or Pb.
Growth of mycelium of three ectomycorrhizal macrofungi, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Tricholoma anatolicum and Lactarius deliciosus in culture media containing various carbon sources
Akata, I; Kalyoncu, F; Solak, MH; Kalmis, E
A comparative evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of different carbon sources on the mycelial growth of three species of ectomycorrhizal macrofungi; Infundibulicybe geotropa (Bull.) Harmaja, Tricholoma anatolicum H. H. Dogan & Intini and Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray. All carbon sources were found to be equally beneficial for mycelial growth. However, sucrose, glucose and arabinose were found to be better carbon source in solid culture for L. deliciosus, T. anatolicum and I. geotropa as the maximum biomass values in the liquid medium at the end of 56 days incubation period and were measured as 66.0, 43.0 and 97.0 mg, respectively.
A Comparative Study on the Growth Rate of Homokaryotic Mycelium Obtained from a Single Spore of Hericium erinaceus Isolates in Different Culture Media
Akata, I; Kalmis, E; Kalyoncu, F; Atmaca, M
The vast majority of research articles on physiology of macrofungi have used heterokaryons obtained from fruit body tissues. Actually there is evidence that heterokaryons and homokaryons exhibit differences in performances such as mycelium growth rate and properties like colony morphology etc. Ten homokaryons were obtained from a single spore germinated in 2% Malt Extract Agar medium, and their hyphal extension rates on %2 Malt Extract, Potato Dextrose, Hagem and Minimal Agar media were measured. Some significant differences were found in the mycelium growth rates of commercial Hericium erinaceus. Mycelium growth of only one homokaryon could reach to 90 mm diameter on the 27th days of incubation. Nine heterokaryotic mycelia formed at the pairing test performed on Potato Dextrose Agar.
Chemical Composition of Four Wild Edible Mushroom Species Collected From Southwest Anatolia
Kalyoncu, F; Ergönül, B; Yildiz, H; Kalmis, E; Solak, MH
Four different species of wild edible mushrooms (Armillaria mellea, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Meripilus giganteus and Sparassis crispa) representing four different families (Physalacriaceae, Tricholomataceae, Meripilaceae and Sparassidaceae) growing in southwest regions of Anatolia were analyzed for their Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb contents and ash, dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All mineral concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis (d.w.). The mineral content of mushroom samples ranged from 54.00 to 112.33 mu g/g d.w. for Fe, 66.50 to 117.33 mu g/g d.w. for Na, 32.33 to 117.00 mu g/g d.w. for K, 47.40 to 87.40 mu g/g d.w. for Zn, 54.30 to 74.67 mu g/g d.w. for Cu and not detected for Cd and Pb. Na content was higher than other minerals in all mushroom species. This research proves that wild edible fungi can be used in well-balanced diets due to their nutritive values. Also, their heavy metal contents (Pb, Cd) shows that collection areas are not polluted, therefore all collected mushroom species can be unreservedly consumed without any health risk.
Ligninolytic enzyme activities in mycelium of some wild and commercial mushrooms
Kalmis, E; Yasa, I; Kalyoncu, F; Pazarbasi, B; Kocyigit, A
Lignin is probably one of the most recalcitrant compounds synthesized by plants. This compound is degraded by few microorganisms. White-rot fungi have been extensively studied due to its powerful ligninolytic enzymes. In this study, ligninolytic enzyme activities of different fungal species (six commercial and 13 wild) were investigated in solid and liquid culture media. It was postulated that, among the wild strains, only Pleurotus ostreatus-1 (MCC45), P. ostreatus-2 (MCC40), Pleurotus eryngii-1 (MCC25) and P. eryngii-2 (MCC26), and commercial strains P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. eryngii presented lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity. All enzymes tested in this study were not determined in Rigidoporus ulmarius, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Tricholoma caligatum as well as commercial strain Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Therefore, the results of the present study allow us to conclude that wild P. ostreatus and P. eryngii are good candidates for scale-up ligninolytic enzyme production.
In vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity between the Asian red pine Pinus densiflora and Tricholoma matsutake and allied species from worldwide Pinaceae and Fagaceae forests
Yamada, A; Kobayashi, H; Murata, H; Kalmis, E; Kalyoncu, F; Fukuda, M
Tricholoma matsutake produces commercially valuable, yet uncultivable, mushrooms (matsutake) in association with pines in the Far East and Scandinavia and with both pines and oaks in the foothills of Tibet. Other matsutake mushrooms, such as Tricholoma anatolicum from the Mediterranean regions and Tricholoma magnivelare and Tricholoma sp. from the North Pacific Coast area of Canada and North America as well as Mexico, respectively, are associated with pines or oaks in their natural habitats. Tricholoma bakamatsutake and Tricholoma fulvocastaneum from Asia produce moderately valuable matsutake mushrooms and are solely associated with Fagaceae in nature. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that matsutake mushrooms from Scandinavia, Mediterranean regions, North America, and Tibet form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus densiflora similar to the Far East T. matsutake. In general, worldwide T. matsutake and the symbionts of Pinaceae colonize the rhizospheres of P. densiflora as well as T. matsutake isolated from the host plant. However, T. fulvocastaneum and T. bakamatsutake formed a discontinuous Hartig net and no Hartig net, respectively, and colonized to a lesser extent as compared to T. matsutake. The data suggest that conifer-associated matsutake mushrooms in their native habitat will associate symbiotically with the Asian red pine.
Biological decolorization of textile dyes from isolated microfungi
Biyik, H; Basbulbul, G; Kalyoncu, F; Kalmis, E; Oryasin, E
In this study, biological decolorization of two textile dyestuff (Benazol black ZN and Cibacron black W-NN) was comparatively studied using 22 microfungi strains isolated from polluted industrial soil areas. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 250 and 500 mg l(-1). Benazol black ZN was the best decolorized by Haematonectria haematococca (HH1) (36.0%) and Cibacron black W-NN was the best decolorized by Aspergillus niger (AN1) (33.0%) at 250 mg l(-1) dye concentration. At 500 mg l(-1) dye concentration for two different dyes all microfungi strains used showed weak decolorization rates, maximum 13.0% for Benazol black ZN and 6.0% for Cibacron Black W-NN.
Evaluation of wild and commercial types of Pleurotus strains for their ability to decolorize cibacron black W-NN textile dye
Biyik, H; Kalyoncu, F; Oryasin, E; Azbar, N; Kalmis, E; Basbülbül, G
Biological decolorisation of Cibacron Black W-NN, was comparatively studied using five commercial (Pleurotus djamor, P. ostreatus, P. citrinopileatus, P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju) and three wild types of (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. ostreatus and P. eryngii) white rot fungi strains on agar plates. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/L, respectively. All P. ostreatus strains and P. sajor-caju fully decolorized Cibacron Black W-NN without any problem. Other organisms were found to be negatively affected from increasing dye concentrations and were able to decolorize the dye used up to a certain concentration (50 mg/L for P. citrinopileatus; 100 mg/L for commercial P. eryngii and 200 mg/L for wild P. eryngii).

Browsing by Author "Kalmis, E"

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