Browsing by Author "Kalyoncu F."
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Item Antimicrobial activity of two wild mushrooms Clitocybe alexandri (Gill.) Konr. and Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) T.M. Fries collected from Turkey(2006) Solak M.H.; Kalmis E.; Saglam H.; Kalyoncu F.Two edible wild mushrooms, namely Clitocybe alexandri (Gill.) Konr. (Tricholomataceae) and Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) T.M. Fries (Rhizopogonaceae), collected from the southwest of Turkey, were tested for their antimicrobial activity by using the disc diffusion method. The ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, water, ethylacetate and n-hexane extracts from the fruit bodies of mushrooms were assayed against 13 microorganisms. In comparison with the test antibiotics penicillin, novobiocin, nalidixic acid and ampicillin, the methanol extract obtained from the two mushrooms presented significant activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter aerogenes. On the other hand, the ethylacetate extract from C. alexandri was found to be active against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas the ethanol extract of Rhizopogon roseolus was active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This research has shown that various extracts obtained from two macrofungi could be used in vitro to inhibit the growth of some important bacteria and fungi. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Antimicrobial activity of common madder (Rubia tinctorum L.)(2006) Kalyoncu F.; Cetin B.; Saglam H.In this study, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion method. From the present study it was found that Rubia tinctorum L. revealed antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Agar-plate screening for textile dye decolorisation by white rot fungi Pleurotus species (Pleurotus cornucopiae var.citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju)(2007) Kalmiş E.; Azbar N.; Kalyoncu F.A screening test for five different white rot fungal strains (Pleurotus species: Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju) was carried out to assess their decolorisation capacities for five different textile dyestuffs, namely Indanthren yellow F3GC Collosiol (IYFC), Blue CC Dranix (BCCD), Indanthren Blue CLF Collosiol (IB), Remazol Brilliant Blue BB (RB), and Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B (LBB) on agar plates. Full decolorisation was observed only for RB and LBB (dye concentrations <20 mg L-1). Similar to LBB dye, IB was also not decolorized at all dye concentrations above 20 mg L-1, but the original color of the dye was converted into yellow below 20 mg L-1 by all organisms used. None of the organism used in this study was able to fully decolorize IYFC dye, but conversion of original color of the dye into brown was observed for all dye concentrations. In addition, no decolorisation was observed for BCCD at all dye concentrations used. In terms of radial growth, in most cases, low dye concentrations (< 200 mg L-1) were well tolerated by the organisms used, except for some of them, showing either retardation or full inhibition in growth. © by PSP 2007.Item Feasibility of using olive mill effluent (OME) as a wetting agent during the cultivation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on wheat straw(2008) Kalmis E.; Azbar N.; Yildiz H.; Kalyoncu F.In this study, cultivation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on wheat straw substrate containing tap water and olive mill effluent (OME) mixture containing varying volume of OME was studied in order to investigate the feasibility of using OME as an alternative wetting agent and OME's impact on some fundamental food quality characteristics of mushrooms. Time period for mycelial colonization, primordium initiation and first harvest were comparatively evaluated with the control group. It was shown that the use of OME and tap water mixture consisting of OME up to 25% volumetrically was possible for the purpose of commercial mushroom production. Experimental results obtained from substrate containing 25% OME mixture showed no statistically significant difference compared to control group. The negative effects of increasing volume of OME in the mixture were also indicated by bioefficiency, which was found to be 13.8% for substrates wetted with 100% OME, whereas bioefficiency was 53.6% for control group. Increasing volume of OME in the mixture resulted in deformation of fruit body shape, whereas no significant difference in food quality was observed due to the higher amount of OME. This work suggested that the use of OME up to 25% as moisturizer could be considered, especially for the locations having significant number of olive mills and mushroom producers, both as an environmentally friendly solution for the safe and ecological disposal of OME and a practical way for recovering OME's economic value thereby. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item New myxomycete records for Turkey: One new genus and three new species(2008) Baba H.; Tamer Ü.; Kalyoncu F.In this study, 3 new species and 1 new genus were recorded for the first time and added to the list of Turkish Myxomycetes. These new records are Dictydiaethalium Rostaf. with Dictydiaethalium plumbeum (Schumach.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr., and Symphytocarpus impexus Ing & Nann.-Bremek. © TÜBİTAK.Item Ligninolytic enzyme activities in mycelium of some wild and commercial mushrooms(2008) Kalmiş E.; Yaşa I.; Kalyoncu F.; Pazarbaşi B.; Koçyiǧit A.Lignin is probably one of the most recalcitrant compounds synthesized by plants. This compound is degraded by few microorganisms. White-rot fungi have been extensively studied due to its powerful ligninolytic enzymes. In this study, ligninolytic enzyme activities of different fungal species (six commercial and 13 wild) were investigated in solid and liquid culture media. It was postulated that, among the wild strains, only Pleurotus ostreatus-1 (MCC45), P. ostreatus-2 (MCC40), Pleurotus eryngii-1 (MCC25) and P. eryngii-2 (MCC26), and commercial strains P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. eryngii presented lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity. All enzymes tested in this study were not determined in Rigidoporus ulmarius, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Tricholoma caligatum as well as commercial strain Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Therefore, the results of the present study allow us to conclude that wild P. ostreatus and P. eryngii are good candidates for scale-up ligninolytic enzyme production. © 2008 Academic Journals.Item Evaluation of two wild types of Pleurotus ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from nature for their ability to decolorize Benazol Black ZN textile dye in comparison to some commercial types of white rot fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus djamor, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus(2008) Kalmiş E.; Azbar N.; Kalyoncu F.Biological decolorization of Benazol Black ZN, a reactive azo-type textile dyestuff, was comparatively studied using 3 different commercial-type white rot fungi strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, Pleurotus djamor, and 2 wild types of P. ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from the nature. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 500 and 1000 mg·L-1. All the organisms studied decolorized Benazol Black ZN to varying degrees. At low dye concentration, both commercial and wild type of P. ostreatus resulted in the best decolorization, conversely, wild-type P. ostreatus (MCC07) was found to be much more robust against increasing dye concentration and provided the best decolorization efficiency at high dye concentration. © 2008 NRC Canada.Item Culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Manisa, Turkey(2008) Kalyoncu F.; Ekmekci S.Airborne fungi may be causative agents of adverse health effects. They may adversely affect human health through allergy, infection and toxicity. Moreover, they have a great influence on urban air quality in Manisa. In this study, a systematical survey on the culturable airborne fungi was carried out for one year in the urban area of Manisa. Fungal samples were collected each month with the Merck MAS100 air sampler from eleven sampling sites. Fungal concentrations were reported as colony forming units (CFU) per cubic meter of air using the MAS100 conversion unit table. Results showed that the average concentration of culturable fungi is 382 CFU/m3 in Manisa air. 14 genera, including 48 species of culturable fungi were identified in this study. The identification of the fungi was made both according to their microscopic and macromorphological properties and through the references. Penicillium is the most abundant species, which comprised more than 25% of the total isolated fungal species. Cladosporium was the most dominant fungal genus, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria. Also three fungal species, Acremonium byssoides Gams & Lim, Arthrobotrys arthrobotryoides (Berl.) Lindau, and Oidiodendron truncatum Baron were new records for Turkey's mycoflora. © by PSP 2008.Item Antimicrobial activity of five endemic Asperula species from Turkey(Brieflands, 2009) Kalyoncu F.; Minareci E.; Minareci O.In this study, methanol and ether extracts of five endemic Asperula species (Rubiaceae) from Turkey (A. antalyensis, A. brevifolia, A. pseudochlorantha, A. purpurea subsp. apiculota and A. serotina), used in the traditional system of medicine, were tested for antimicrobial activity by the agar well diffusion method and the broth dilution method. The most active species were Asperula brevifolia and A. serotina which showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and maximum inhibition was shown by methanol extract of A. antalyensis against Candida albicans as 32 mm. Methanol extracts of Asperula species were among the most active with the MIC values ranging from 7.6 to 14.8 mg/mL. Copyright © 2009 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.Item Activity of some plant extracts against multi-drug resistant human pathogens(Brieflands, 2009) Oskay M.; Oskay D.; Kalyoncu F.Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances which can be used to treat various infectious diseases. Hence, antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of 19 plant species were studied against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. Extracts of Liquidambar orientalis, Vitis vinifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Punica granatum, Cornus sanguinea, Euphorbia peplus, Ecballium elaterium, Inula viscosa and Liquidambar orientalis showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 8 to 26 mm. The most resistant organisms were Escherichia coli (E. coli) (Ampicillin-, amoxycillin- and sulfamethoxazole- resistant), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) (Amoxycillin- and nalidixic acid-resistant) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (Ampicillin-, amoxycillin- and aztreonarn-resistant), and the most susceptible species were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (Penicillin G- and oxacillin-resistant), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) (Penicillin G-, eiythromycin- and clindamycin-resistant) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) (Sulfamethoxazole- and novobiocin-resistant), respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts were determined for the seven highly active plants showing activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. coli, P aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae and the reference bacteria (E. coli ATCC 11229 and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 NA). MICs of active extracts ranged from 8 to 14.2 mg/mL against one or other test bacteria. Copyright © 2009 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.Item The effects of some environmental parameters on mycelial growth of six Morchella species(2009) Kalyoncu F.; Oskay M.; Kalyoncu M.A comparative evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of some environmental parameters such as pH, type of carbon source, salinity and temperature on the mycelial growth of six species of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Morchella spp. (M. costata, M. elata, M. esculenta, M. hortensis, M.intermedia and M. rotunda) collected from different parts of Turkey. All carbon sources were found to be beneficial for mycelial growth. However, glucose, sucrose, maltose and fructose were better sources of carbon for some morels. Maximum mycelial growth in Petri dishes was achieved at 20 and 25°C after three weeks incubation for all Morchella species. Growth was reduced significantly below 15°C and above 30°C. Different pH and salinity (NaCI) levels markedly affected the mycelial growth of the fungi.Item Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of mycelia of 10 wild mushroom species.(2010) Kalyoncu F.; Oskay M.; Saǧlam H.; Erdoǧan T.F.; Tamer A.U.Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of mycelia obtained from 10 wild edible mushrooms-Armillaria mellea, Meripilus giganteus, Morchella costata, Morchella elata, Morchella esculenta var. vulgaris, Morchella hortensis, Morchella rotunda, Paxillus involutus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus ostreatus-were investigated. For determination of antimicrobial activities of these mushrooms, ethanol extracts were examined with 11 test microorganisms by the agar well diffusion method. P. ostreatus and M. giganteus were the most active species against both bacteria and yeast. Antioxidant properties of ethanol extracts were studied by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method. Among the mushroom extracts, M. elata showed the most potent radical scavenging activity. This research has shown that these 10 wild macrofungi have potential as natural antioxidants and antibiotics.Item Antioxidant activity of the mycelium of 21 wild mushroom species(2010) Kalyoncu F.; Oskay M.; Kayalar H.In this study, the antioxidant activity of mycelia from 21 wild mushrooms - Agaricus bresadolanus, Auricularia auriculajudae, Chroogomphus rutilus, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Gymnopus dryophilus, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Inocybe flocculosa var. crocifolia, Inocybe catalaunica, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus sajor-caju, Lycoperdon excipuliforme, Macrolepiota excoriata, Morchella esculenta var. rigida, Morchella intermedia, Omphalotus olearius, Pleurotus djamor, Postia stiptica, Rhizopogon roseolus and Stropharia inuncta - were investigated. Antioxidant properties of ethanol, chloroform and water extracts of these 21 mycelia were studied by two methods: free radical scavenging (DPPH) and the scavenging activity of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS.+). Among the 21 mushroom extracts, Omphalotus olearius displayed the most potent antioxidant activity. The study has shown that these wild macrofungi have potential as natural antioxidants. © 2010 Mycological Society of China.Item Relationship between airborne fungal allergens and meteorological factors in Manisa City, Turkey(2010) Kalyoncu F.In this study, the effect of relative humidity, temperature, and wind on airborne fungal allergens in the 11 different districts of Manisa City was investigated from January 2004 to December 2005. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey to get to know the relation between wind, temperature, and relative humidity and population of allergenic fungal spores in the atmosphere. A total of 792 samples were observed by using the Merck MAS100 air sampler and 12,988 fungal colonies were counted. Fourteen fungal genera could be determined; Cladosporium that was generally found as the predominant genus followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. During the entire study, seasonal variation was found to be related to atmospheric conditions especially. The optimal conditions of meteorological factors for the fungi growth resulted in the increased number of mycoflora, qualitatively and quantitatively. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.Item In vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity between the Asian red pine Pinus densiflora and Tricholoma matsutake and allied species from worldwide Pinaceae and Fagaceae forests(2010) Yamada A.; Kobayashi H.; Murata H.; Kalmiş E.; Kalyoncu F.; Fukuda M.Tricholoma matsutake produces commercially valuable, yet uncultivable, mushrooms (matsutake) in association with pines in the Far East and Scandinavia and with both pines and oaks in the foothills of Tibet. Other matsutake mushrooms, such as Tricholoma anatolicum from the Mediterranean regions and Tricholoma magnivelare and Tricholoma sp. from the North Pacific Coast area of Canada and North America as well as Mexico, respectively, are associated with pines or oaks in their natural habitats. Tricholoma bakamatsutake and Tricholoma fulvocastaneum from Asia produce moderately valuable matsutake mushrooms and are solely associated with Fagaceae in nature. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that matsutake mushrooms from Scandinavia, Mediterranean regions, North America, and Tibet form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus densiflora similar to the Far East T. matsutake. In general, worldwide T. matsutake and the symbionts of Pinaceae colonize the rhizospheres of P. densiflora as well as T. matsutake isolated from the host plant. However, T. fulvocastaneum and T. bakamatsutake formed a discontinuous Hartig net and no Hartig net, respectively, and colonized to a lesser extent as compared to T. matsutake. The data suggest that conifer-associated matsutake mushrooms in their native habitat will associate symbiotically with the Asian red pine. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.Item Chemical composition of four wild edible mushroom species collected from southwest anatolia(Gazi Universitesi, 2010) Kalyoncu F.; Ergönül B.; Yildiz H.; Kalmiş E.; Solak M.H.Four different species of wild edible mushrooms (Armillaria mellea, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Meripilus giganteus and Sparassis crispa) representing four different families (Physalacriaceae, Tricholomataceae, Meripilaceae and Sparassidaceae) growing in southwest regions of Anatolia were analyzed for their Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb contents and ash, dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All mineral concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis (d.w.). The mineral content of mushroom samples ranged from 54.00 to 112.33 μg/ g d.w. for Fe, 66.50 to 117.33 μg/ g d.w. for Na, 32.33 to 117.00 μg/ g d.w. for K, 47.40 to 87.40 μg/ g d.w. for Zn, 54.30 to 74.67 μg/ g d.w. for Cu and not detected for Cd and Pb. Na content was higher than other minerals in all mushroom species. This research proves that wild edible fungi can be used in wellbalanced diets due to their nutritive values. Also, their heavy metal contents (Pb, Cd) shows that collection areas are not polluted, therefore all collected mushroom species can be unreservedly consumed without any health risk.Item Determination of microfungi Flora of soil polluted by industrial wastewater in Aydın, İzmir and Manisa city; [Aydın, İzmir ve Manisa i̇llerinde endüstriyel atıksular ile kirlenmiş toprakların mikrofungus Florasının belirlenmesi](Cevkor Vakfi, 2011) Başbülbül G.; Biyik H.; Kalyoncu F.; Kalmiş E.; Oryaşin E.In this study, soil samples of 14 different localities polluted with industrial wastewaters around Aydi{dotless}n, İzmir and Manisa City were taken with seasonal intervals. The samples were brought to the laboratory and their microfungi were isolated and identified. The most frequently isolated genus from soil samples was found to be Aspergillus, followed by genus Penicillium. Among the isolated microfungi, Aspergillus niger is the most abundant species in soil. Microfungal concentrations of soil samples varied between 3,8 × 101 and 1,86 × 105 cfu/g. Depending on seasons, salinity of stations were measured between 0.004% and 0.56%, pH were between 6.36 and 9.81 and organic matter were between 0.13% and 29.15.Item Antimicrobial activity of extracts from the callus culture of Rubia tinctorum L.(2011) Cetin B.; Kalyoncu F.The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Rubia tinctorum callus extracts were studied against selected microorganisms by agar well diffusion assay. Calli were extracted using ethanol, n-hegzan and chloroform. Among the three solvents used, callus extracted in ethanol was found to be more effective against some microorganisms with inhibition zone between 10 and 24 mm. Extracts of chloroform showed poor inhibition than other two solvents. No activity was observed against Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis. Thus, the positive results suggest that the R. tinctorum callus extracts should be further studied to determine the bioactive chemical compounds.Item Chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma anatolicum; [Yenilebilir yabani ektomikorizal bir makrofungus olan Tricholoma anatolicum'un kimyasal kompozisyonu ve besinsel deǧeri](2011) Kalmiş E.; Yildiz H.; Ergönül B.; Kalyoncu F.; Solak M.H.The chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom from southwestern Anatolia, Tricholoma anatolicum, were analyzed. Moisture, crude oil, protein, ash, total carbohydrate content, and mineral composition of the mushrooms studied, including Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cd, and Pb, were determined. The energy values of the samples were also calculated. The analyses were conducted during the 3 different growing stages of the mushrooms: mycelium, young fruiting bodies, and mature fruiting bodies. The highest values for moisture and crude oil contents were found to be in the mycelium, ash, and carbohydrate content of young fruiting bodies. In addition, Na content was found to be the highest in mycelium. The highest values for Fe were found in the young fruiting bodies, and K, Zn, Cu, and Ca were at their highest values in mature bodies. None of the samples contained heavy metals Cd or Pb. ©TÜBİTAK.Item Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of five endemic Asperula taxa(2011) Minareci E.; Ergönül B.; Kayalar H.; Kalyoncu F.In this study, the proximate chemical composition, total flavonoid and α-tocopherol amounts and antioxidant activities of five endemic Asperula taxa (Rubiaceae) (A. brevifolia, A. pseudochlorantha var. antalyensis, A. pseudochlorantha var. pseudochlorantha, A. purpurea subsp. apiculata and A. serotina) were determined. Antioxidant properties of methanol extracts were studied by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Among the all Asperula extracts A. brevifolia showed the most potent radical scavenging activities.