Browsing by Author "Kaplan, KA"

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    The Irish Potato Famine in the Ottoman Press (1845-1852)
    Kader, MD; Kaplan, KA
    Famines throughout history have been at the forefront of events that cannot be erased from human memory. The extent and notoriety of the Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1852, also called the Great Famine, surpassed many other famines. During this famine in Ireland, one million people lost their lives and two million people migrated to other countries. The famine in Ireland attracted the attention of the Ottoman Empire, and Sultan Abdulmecit provided financial aid to the Irish people. Even though it is an important subject for both Ottoman-Irish/English relations as well as Irish history, there is only one study, a master's thesis, on the Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1852. Based on primary sources such as Ottoman, British and Irish Newspapers, this article aims to analyse in a comparative and analytical way and demonstrate how Ottoman and UK newspapers covered the Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1852. In this sense, the main focus will be on The Times, one of the most important newspapers of the UK and Ottoman newspapers, Ceride-i Havadis and Takvim-i Vekayi.
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    Floods of Gediz River and Disaster Management (1860-1901)
    Satilmis, S; Kaplan, KA
    In ancient times, when the measures taken against natural events were much more limited, the rivers overflowed relatively more frequently and caused significant damage to their surroundings. One of the rivers that overflowed frequently in the 19th century was the Gediz River, which took its source from the mountains to the east of the town of Gediz in Kutahya and flowed into the Aegean Sea after traveling 275 km. Between 1860 and 1901, it is known that there were about twenty floods in the main bed of the Gediz River and some of its branches feeding this stream. Those floods resulted in damage to people, animals, settlements, agriculture, commerce, transportation, communication, businesses and Izmir Port and thus caused huge economic loss. Ottoman government and local administrations took some important measures to minimize negative impacts of the floods of the Gediz River and initiated some aid programs to heal the wounds of the flood victims. Based on the analysis of some archive documents and newspapers of that time, this study aims to explain causes, results, and impacts of the floods of the Gediz river and comment on how Ottoman central and local authorities dealt with them.
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    Trading in Samsun and Sinope at the 1850s according to British Reports
    Kaplan, KA
    The year 1850's is important due to the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the Reform Edict of 1856. Of those, the Crimean War no doubt affected trade more than anything else. Samsun and Sinope were important not only for Ottoman-British trade relations during the Crimean War but also due to their geopolitical and strategic position in the Black Sea region both during and post- the Crimean War years. For these reasons, both cities were subject of both British consulate reports of that time and modern studies examining them. Two of these consuls/vice consuls were St. Vincent Lloyd and Frederick Guarracino. In their reports, Lloyd and Guarracino provided detailed information on trade in Samsun and Sinope. Besides their reports, British newspapers of that time presented some significant information and details on commercial life in Samsun and Sinope. Based mainly on these two sources, British consulate reports and newspaper news, this article aims to present and evaluate information about trade in Samsun and Sinope in the 1850s.
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    Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-78 in Diaries and Memoirs of some Russian Officers and Commanders
    Kaplan, KA
    Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-78 had important results for both Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Recent scholarly Works on this war in Turkey deal either with attitude of foreign Powers toward the war or with migrations in post war period. Also, there are some studies dealing with condition of the Russian Army during the war and the reports of Russian war journalists. Finally, there are some articles on the reflections of the war in war-time paintings or cartoons. Even though all these studies are very important for a better understanding of the war, none mentions how Russian military personnel viewed the war. Analyzing memories and diaries of some Russian commanders and officers who in their writings described war-time conditions and their observations on the war, this article aims to open a window, even though a narrow one, to scholarly studies on the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-78. Even though they are small in numbers, the diaries and memoirs analyzed in this study are very important since they show how some members of Russian military personnel perceived war and the Turks.
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    Turkish Independence War from White Russians' Perspective and Their Relations with Ankara Government
    Kaplan, KA
    In Turkey, there are many studies dealing with White Russian Refugees that came to Istanbul after they lost the Civil War to the Reds following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. While an important bulk of these studies examine their struggle for life and their impacts on and contributions to social and economic life in Istanbul, some others cover the White Russian Army. In a similar way, there have been many studies in Turkish, dealing with Turkish-Soviet relations. Some of these studies mention how Russian refugees viewed the Turkish Independence War. In these studies, mostly Turkish and Ottoman sources were used. Even though all are very important studies, they fail to present Russian view of Turkish Independence War based on Russian sources. This article, on the other hand, utilizing Russian White memoirs and some Russian archival and modern Russian studies, aims to open a different window to the Turkish Independence War and relations between Russian Refugees and Turkish Nationalist and the Allied Powers.
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    Life and Activities of the White Russian Refugees in Anatolia in the Light of Some Russian and Turkish Sources
    Kaplan, KA
    Following the Revolution of 1917, during and after the Russian Civil War fought between the Reds and the Whites, many Russians, who were called White Russians or Wrangel Refugees, escaped from Russia and came to the Ottoman Empire in 1919 and 1920. In Turkey, there have been many studies on Russian Refugees. Most of these studies deal with Russian refugees in Istanbul, their lives in this city and their contribution to social, economic and cultural life in Istanbul. Many others cover the White Russian Army in Gallipoli. Some of these studies mention that there were also some Russian refugees in Anatolia. Especially one study gives short information on where and how Russian refugees lived in Anatolian cities. But even this study fails to give detailed information. Based on some Russian diaries and reports from GARF and Ottoman/Turkish archival documents from ATASE and BCA, this paper aims to present a general picture of lives of Russian refugees in Anatolia.