MCBÜ Açıkerişim Sistemi :: Browsing by Author "Karabulut Y."

Browsing by Author "Karabulut Y."

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Application for Tsallis thermostatistics to half-width method used in thermoluminescence glow peaks in analysis of thermal desorption spectra
(Elsevier, 2005) Kayacan O.; Can N.; Karabulut Y.; Afsar O.
Several methods have been developed in the analysis of the thermoluminescence glow peaks, and in particular when applied to thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry and TL dating of archaeological and geological minerals. Some of these methods are identical to those developed for the study of thermal desorption. Such a method is called half-width method where a shape factor is introduced. Recently TL decay and thermal desorption process have been studied using a nonextensive formalism, namely Tsallis thermostatistics. In the present work, we consider the half-width method because it is the easiest one to estimate the activation energy. Importantly, we give the generalized form of the activation energy for all order of kinetics. We also investigate the influence of the nonextensivity on the shape factor parameter and on the activation energy. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Third-order optical nonlinearities of Cu and Tb nanoparticles in SrTiO3
(2010) Cetin A.; Kibar R.; Hatipoglu M.; Karabulut Y.; Can N.
Some results of optical and nonlinear-optical properties of Cu and Tb nanoparticles implanted in SrTiO3 (STO) crystal are presented. The non-resonant third-order optical nonlinearities have been investigated by degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM), pump-probe and Z-scan techniques using femtosecond laser pulses. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cathodoluminescence response from sanidine feldspar
(2013) Karabulut Y.; Canmoǧlu A.; Can N.
In the present study, cathodoluminescence (CL) providing information about surface rather than bulk material reveals blue and red emissions within the sanidine feldspar from the Eifel Mountains, Germany. The emission line occurring in the blue region at about 450 nm reflects Al-O--Al structural defects, although distribution maps of the major elements, including Si, Al, and K, do not display a clear correlation with the CL properties of the sanidine feldspar. Dominant emission being in the longer-visible wavelength region (red region) ∼730 nm is assumed to be caused by Fe3+ activation attributed to Fe3+-Al3+ substitution. Much less is known about the spectral characteristic of the feldspar CL emission, and the application of an older luminescence technique yields encouraging results for the practical application of the feldspar identification. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Solid state synthesis, characterization and optical properties of Tb doped SrSnO3 phosphor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2013) Kotan Z.; Ayvacikli M.; Karabulut Y.; Garcia-Guinea J.; Tormo L.; Canimoglu A.; Karali T.; Can N.
In the present study, the structural and optical properties of SrSnO 3 doped with Tb ions are reported. Novel SrSnO3:Tb3+ phosphors were conventionally synthesized using a solid state reaction process under a mildly reduced atmosphere (5%H2 and 95%N2). The crystal structures, morphologies and optical properties of the resultant materials have been characterised by experimental techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Photoluminescence (PL), Radioluminescence (RL) and Cathodoluminescence coupled to an ESEM (ESEM-CL). The new phosphor material has good crystallization without any impurity phases, which matches with the standard JCPDS files (No. 22-1442) from XRD analysis. The PL, RL and CL measurements taken at room temperature showed that the transitions of 5D4 to 7FJ (j = 6, 5, 4, 3) corresponding to the typical 4f?4f dipole forbidden intra-configurational transitions of Tb3+ are largely independent of the host material. The green emissions of the 5D4?7F5 magnetic dipole transition at 540 nm are predominant for three types of luminescence. PL emission spectra recorded in the temperature range from 10 K to 300 K were influenced by temperature. We report anomalies in the PL spectra of SrSnO3:Tb3+ compatible with a structural phase transition at 260 K while simultaneously exciting and cooling the sample. This work clearly confirms the existence of a phase transition discovered by Singh et al. in SrSnO3 at 270 K. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Solid state synthesis of SrAl2O4:Mn2+ co-doped with Nd3+ phosphor and its optical properties
(2013) Ayvacikli M.; Kotan Z.; Ekdal E.; Karabulut Y.; Canimoglu A.; Garcia Guinea J.; Khatab A.; Henini M.; Can N.
The optical properties of alkaline earth aluminates doped with rare earth ions have received much attention in the last years and this is due to their chemical stability, long-afterglow (LAG) phosphorescence and high quantum efficiency. However, there is a lack of understanding about the nature of the rare earth ion trapping sites and the mechanisms which could activate and improve the emission centers in these materials. Therefore a new phosphor material composition, SrAl2O4:Mn2+, co-doped with Nd3+ was synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The influence of transition metal and rare earth doping on crystal structure and its luminescence properties have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, Photoluminescence (PL) and Radioluminescence (RL). Analysis of the related diffraction patterns has revealed a major phase characteristic of the monoclinic SrAl2O 4 compound. Small amounts of the dopants MnCO3 and Nd 2O3 have almost no effect on the crsytalline phase composition. Characteristic absorption bands from Nd3+ 4f-4f transitions in the spectra can be assigned to the transitions from the ground state 4I9/2 to the excited states. The luminescence of Mn2+ activated SrAl2O4 exhibits a broad green emission band from the synthesized phosphor particles under different excitation sources. This corresponds to the spin-forbidden transition of the d-orbital electron associated with the Mn2+ ion. In photo- and radio-luminescence spectra, Nd3+ 4f-4f transition peaks were observed. The emitted radiations for different luminescence techniques were dominated by 560, 870, 1057 and 1335 nm peaks in the visible and NIR regions as a result of 4I9/2→4G7/2 and 4F3/2→4IJ (J=9/2, 11/2 and 13/2) transitions of Nd3+ ions, respectively. Multiple emission lines observed at each of these techniques are due to the crystal field splitting of the ground state of the emitting ions. The nature of the emission lines is discussed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of trivalent rare-earth element-doped calcium stannate phosphors
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2014) Karabulut Y.; Ayvacikli M.; Canimoglu A.; Guinea J.G.; Kotan Z.; Ekdal E.; Akyuz O.; Can N.
The phosphors of calcium stannate activated with individual trivalent rare-earth element (REE) ions (Neodymium III, Europium III, Terbium III, Dysprosium III, and Samarium III) were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction (SSR), and their characterization and luminescent properties were investigated. The crystal structures and morphologies of the resultant materials were well characterized by experimental techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The XRD results display that the rare-earths substitution of Calcium II does not change the structure of calcium stannate host. Obviously, the ESEM image exhibits that phosphors aggregate and their particles with irregular shape exist. The calcined powders of the Europium III, Neodymium III, Samarium III, Dysprosium III, and Terbium III ions doped in calcium stannate exhibits bright red, reddish orange, yellowish, orange white, and green light, respectively. Although there is some intrinsic emission ranging from UV to near-infrared (NIR) due to the host lattice, the dominant signals are from the rare-earth sites, with signals characteristic of the trivalent rare-earth states. The emission spectrum from undoped-calcium stannate phosphor is characterized by two broad bands centered at ∼800 and ∼950 nm. The shapes of the emission bands are different for each dopant. The sharp emission properties show that the calcium stannate is a suitable host for rare-earth ion-doped phosphor material. Furthermore the influence of different rare-earth dopants, that is, Europium III, Neodymium III, Samarium III, Dysprosium III, and Terbium III, on thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) of calcium stannate phosphor under the beta irradiation was discussed. Among these trivalent rare-earth-doped phosphors samarium-doped material showed maximum TSL sensitivity with favorable glow curve shape. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Strong visible and near-infrared cathodoluminescence in alkali feldspar
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2014) Karabulut Y.; Canimoglu A.
In this study, cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy at direct current and alternating current under the sample temperature condition of 40-293 K using different modulation frequencies is presented for alkali feldspar from the Dartmoor granite (UK). These feldspars contain strain-controlled lamellar crypto-and microperthites that are cross-cut by strain-free deuteric microperthites. The CL spectra of the alkali feldspar at room and low temperature confirm that the observed emission peaked at ∼460 nm could be associated with Al-O--Al or Ti impurity centers, yellow emission ∼560 nm could be associated with the presence of the centers such as radiation-induced defect centers, and ∼756 nm emission could be associated with the Fe3+ impurity center on T1 and T2 sites. The consequence of their association is to produce different luminescence properties such as intensity, peak wavelength, and band shape. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Luminescent, structural, and thermal properties of the unusual "anatolian" diaspore (zultanite) from Turkey
(2014) Canimoglu A.; Garcia-Guinea J.; Correcher V.; Karabulut Y.; Tuncer Y.; Can N.
Results are presented for the cathodoluminescence (CL) probe of an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) with an energy-dispersive spectrometry analyzer (EDS), thermoluminescence (TL), thermo X-ray diffraction in situ (TXRD), and simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA) techniques of gem-quality zultanite samples collected from the Muǧla region of southwest Turkey. Micro-Raman measurements were also performed on different zultanite orientations and preheated aliquots to study the spectral phase transition diaspore-corundum also detected by the other thermal techniques in the 450°C-500°C thermal range. The thermal phenomena of TL are synchronous with this dehydroxylation process, involving consecutive breaking-linking bonds of Al-O, Cr-O, Fe-O, Al-OH, Cr-OH, and Fe-OH, including the formation of hydrolyzed ions such, and and redox reactions. Assuming that zultanite oxygen atoms are distributed as a hexagonal close packed layer, the experimental spectrum CL of zultanite is characteristic of the 2E → 4A2 transitions of substitutional Cr3+ luminescent centers in positions of Al 3+ in sixfold coordination. © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Radioluminescence and photoluminescence characterization of Eu and Tb doped barium stannate phosphor ceramics
(2014) Ayvacikli M.; Canimoglu A.; Karabulut Y.; Kotan Z.; Herval L.K.S.; De Godoy M.P.F.; Galvão Gobato Y.; Henini M.; Can N.
In this paper, we report on structural and optical properties of terbium and europium doped barium stannate phosphors (BaSnO3) synthesised by conventional solid state reaction method. We have studied those materials by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), radioluminescence (RL) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. XRD patterns confirm that the BaSnO3 sintered at 1400 C exhibit orthorhombic structure and that the Tb3+ and Eu3+ substitution of Ba2+ does not change the structure of the BaSnO 3 host. The optical emission spectrum is characterized a broad band centered at 897 nm (1.38 eV), with a high-energy tail approximately 750 nm from the host lattice. Other emission signals that are characteristic of the 3 + oxidation state of rare earth elements were generated by Eu and Tb doping. Luminescence measurements show that the series of emission states 5D4 → 7F6, 5D 4 → 7F5, 5D4 → 7F4 and 5D4 → 7F3 corresponding to the typical 4f → 4f infra-configuration forbidden transitions of Tb3+ are appeared and the major emission peak at 540 nm is due to 5D4 → 7F5 transitions of Tb3+. On the other hand, the emission spectrum of Eu doped BaSnO3 phosphor exhibits a series of emission bands, which are attributed to the 5D0 → 7Fj (j = 0-4) transitions of Eu3+ ions. The dominant emission of Eu3+ corresponding to the electric dipole transition 5D0 → 7F2 is located at 613 nm. The sharp emission properties exhibited demonstrate that the BaSnO3 is a suitable host for rare-earth ion doped phosphor material. This work clearly confirms the unusual near infrared (NIR) PL discovered by H. Mizoguchi et al. in BaSnO3 at room temperature. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Luminescence of dysprosium doped strontium aluminate phosphors by codoping with manganese ion
(2014) Karabulut Y.; Canimoglu A.; Kotan Z.; Akyuz O.; Ekdal E.
The authors report here the luminescence properties of strontium aluminate doped with dysprosium and manganese. The dysprosium, manganese co-doped powders were prepared by a solid state reaction at temperatures at 1600 C under H 2 (15%)-Ar (85%) atmosphere. The dysprosium, manganese co-doped strontium aluminate phosphors have the monoclinic structure with lattice parameters a ≈ 8.440 Å, b ≈ 8.821 Å, c ≈ 5.157 Å and β ≈ 93.4. The characteristic 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 (blue), 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 (yellow), 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 (red) and 4F9/2 → 6H9/2 (NIR) transitions of Dy3+ for different luminescence techniques (radioluminescence, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence) were detected in the emission spectra at the room temperature. The luminescence of Mn2+ co-doped SrAl2O 4:Dy3+ exhibits a broad green-orange emission band ( 4T1 → 6A1 transition) from the synthesized phosphor particles under different excitation sources. This corresponds to the spin-forbidden transition of the d-orbital electron associated with the Mn2+ ion. Multiple emission lines observed at each of these techniques are due to the crystal field splitting of the ground state of the emitting ions. The nature of the emission lines is discussed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Catholuminescence properties of rare earth doped CaSnO3 phosphor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Canimoglu A.; Garcia-Guinea J.; Karabulut Y.; Ayvacikli M.; Jorge A.; Can N.
The present study describes cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of CaSnO3 phosphors doped with Eu3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+ synthesized by a solid-state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that CaSnO3 sintered at 1200°C exhibits orthorhombic structure. The evidence and rationale for two strong broad emission bands appeared at 360 and 780nm for undoped CaSnO3 are presented. The CL measurements exhibit that the 4f-4f emissions from 5D4→7F6 (490nm), 5D4 →7F5 (544nm), 5D4 →7F4 (586nm) and 5D4 →7F3 (622nm), assigned to possible transitions of Tb3+ ions are seen. The strongest one, observed at 544nm, due to its probability of both magnetic and electric transitions make the sample emission green. Emissions at 480, 574, 662 and 755nm were detected for the CaSnO3:Dy3+ and attributed to the transitions from the 4F9/2 to various energy levels 6H15/2, 6H13/2, 6H11/2 and 6H9/2+6F11/2 of Dy3+, respectively. CL spectra of Eu doped CaSnO3 reveal that there is a strong emission peak appeared at 615nm due to the electric dipole transition 5D0→7F2 (red). Finally, our results show that the rare earth doped CaSnO3 have remarkable potential for applications as optical materials since it exhibits efficient and sharp emission due to rare earth ions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Studies on luminescence from a cerium-doped strontium stannate phosphor
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2015) Karabulut Y.; Ayvacikli M.; Canimoglu A.; Garcia Guinea J.; Can N.
The crystal structure and morphology of Ce3+-doped SrSnO3 materials prepared using the solid-state reaction method were extensively characterized using experimental techniques. X-Ray diffraction results show that the cerium substitution of strontium does not change the structure of the strontium stannate. Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the microstructures and lattice vibrations. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images showed that phosphors aggregate and their particles form irregular shapes. SrSnO3 exhibits an intense green emission with a broad band originating from the 5d1 → 4f1 transition of cerium. It was observed that, after exposure to beta-irradiation, the glow curve of this material has two broad thermoluminescence peaks, one centered at ∼ 127C and the other at ∼ 245C for a heating rate of 5 K/s. The kinetic parameters, which include the frequency factor and the activation energy of the material, were calculated using Chen's method, after beta-irradiation. The fading and reusability of the phosphor were also studied and it was found that the phosphor is suitable for radiation dosimetry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation and luminescence studies of Tm and Na doped magnesium borate phosphors
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Ekdal E.; Garcia Guinea J.; Karabulut Y.; Canimoglu A.; Harmansah C.; Jorge A.; Karali T.; Can N.
In this study, structural and luminescence properties of magnesium borate of the form MgB4O7 doped with Tm and Na were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL). The morphologies of the synthetised compounds exhibit clustered granules and road-like materials. As doping trivalent ions into a host with divalent cations requires charge compensation, this effect is discussed. The CL spectra of undoped MgB4O7 shows a broad band emission centred around 350nm which is postulated to be produced by self-trapped excitons and some other defects. From the CL emission spectrum, main emission bands centred at 360, 455, 475nm due to the respective transitions of 1D2→3H6,1D2→3F4 and 1G4→3H6 suggest the presence of Tm3+ ion in MgB4O7 lattice site. CL mechanism was proposed to explain the observed phenomena which are valuable in possibility of the developing new luminescent materials for different applications. In addition, the experimental Raman spectrum of doped and undoped MgB4O7 were reported and discussed. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Thermoluminescence studies of Nd doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals irradiated by UV and beta sources
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Karabulut Y.; Canimoglu A.; Ekdal E.; Ayvacikli M.; Can N.; Karali T.
Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of pure and rare earth doped bismuth germanate (BGO) were investigated under UV and beta radiation. The glow curves of pure BGO crystal present different patterns for both kinds of radiation. The TL glow curves of BGO crystals doped with Nd ions are similar to that of pure BGO under UV radiation. The kinetic parameters, kinetic order (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) of the TL glow curves of pure BGO crystal have been determined by peak shape method. Activation energies of 3 peaks obtained by PS were found to be 1.81, 1.15 and 1.78, respectively. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Optical spectroscopy of the Ce-doped multicomponent garnets
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Canimoglu A.; Karabulut Y.; Ayvacikli M.; Muresan L.E.; Perhaita I.; Barbu-Tudoran L.; Garcia Guinea J.; Karali T.; Can N.
Here, we report our results referring to the preparation of Ce doped Y2.22MgGa2Al2SiO12, Y1.93MgAl4SiO12 and Y2.22Gd0.75Ga2Al3O12 using solid state reaction at high temperature. Several complementary methods (i.e. powder x-ray diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)) were studied to examine the effects of the synthesis procedure on the morphology and structure. XRD analyses revealed that all compounds include yttrium aluminate phase with garnet structure. Cathodoluminescence (CL), radioluminescence (RL) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out for clarification of relationship between host lattice defects and the spectral luminescence emissions. Luminescence emission of phosphors is peaked at 530 nm assigned to 5d-4f transitions of the dopant Ce3+ ions with a broad emission band in 400-700 nm range. Under electron irradiation, the emission spectrum of Ce doped (YGd)3Ga2Al3O12 is well defined and has a characteristic fairly narrow and sharp emission band peaking at 312 nm and 624 nm corresponding to transition of 6P7/2 →8S7/2 and 6GJ→6PJ (Gd3+), respectively. We suggest some of phosphors might be excellent phototherapy phosphor materials under electron excitation. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Visible to infrared low temperature photoluminescence of rare earth doped bismuth germanate crystals
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Canimoglu A.; Ayvacikli M.; Karabulut Y.; Karali T.; Can N.
In this paper, the influence of a series of rare earth (Eu, Tm, Nd) and Cr ion doping on the optical properties of BGO was investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL) from visible to IR region in the 10-300 K temperature range using different types of detectors, namely, photomultiplier tube (PMT), InGaAs (IGA), and Si. Several samples were investigated having dopants concentrations of 0.3 wt%Nd, 0.4 wt%Tm, 0.06 wt% Cr and 3 ppm Eu. The PL spectra of the samples showed different luminescence behaviour which is assigned to the 4f intra shell transition from rare earth ions. The temperature dependence of the PL from rare earth doped BGO crystals is also examined. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Structural and luminescence effects of Ga co-doping on Ce-doped yttrium aluminate based phosphors
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Ayvacikli M.; Canimoglu A.; Muresan L.E.; Barbu Tudoran L.; Garcia Guinea J.; Karabulut Y.; Jorge A.; Karali T.; Can N.
Herein, we primarily focus on luminescence spectrum measurements of various types of green emitting yttrium aluminate phosphors modified with gallium (Y3Al5-xGaxO12) synthesised by solid state reaction. The luminescent emission of samples depends on sample temperature and excitation radiation such as incident X-ray, electron and laser beam. Here, we measured radioluminescence (RL), cathodoluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL) along with XRD in order to clarify relationship between lattice defects and the spectral luminescence emissions. The RL and CL spectra of YAG:Ce exhibit an emission band ranging from 300 to 450 nm related to YAl antisite defects. The broad emission band of garnet phosphors is shifted from 526 nm to 498 nm with increasing of Ga3+ content, while full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the band tends to be greater than the width of unmodified YAG:Ce garnet. Deconvolution of the spectrum reveals that three emission bands centred at 139, 234 and 294°C occur in aluminate host garnets. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Tunable luminescence of broadband-excited and narrow line green emitting Y2SiO5:Ce3+, Tb3+ phosphor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Muresan L.E.; Karabulut Y.; Cadis A.I.; Perhaita I.; Canimoglu A.; Garcia Guinea J.; Barbu Tudoran L.; Silipas D.; Ayvacikli M.; Can N.
Cerium and terbium activated white emitting yttrium silicate phosphors (Y2-x-yCexTbySiO5) having average size between 96 and 123 nm were synthesised by a gel-combustion, and their phase and crystal structures, morphologies and ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopic properties were studied. All rare earth doped yttrium silicate (YSO) phosphors are well crystallized powders containing only monoclinic X2-Y2SiO5 phase. No significant changes in the cell parameters were observed with increasing of Tb amount as ionic radii of Tb3+ (0.923 Å) and Y3+ (0.9 Å) have almost the same. Under different excitations, YSO:Ce3+ exhibits blue emission due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce3+ ions. The series of emission states at different wavelengths of YSO:Tb3+ associated to f-f transition of Tb3+ ion were detected from luminescence measurements. The emission observed at 544 nm (green) corresponding to 5D4 → 7F5 of Tb3+ is strongest one. Incorporation of variable amounts of Tb3+ in the YSO host lattice determines the modification of emission colour from blue through light blue and eventually to bluish green. A possible energy transfer mechanism taking place from Ce3+ to Tb3+ was also discussed in terms of excitation and emission spectra. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Determination of in-row seed distribution uniformity using image processing
(Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016) Çakir E.; Aygün İ.; Yazgi A.; Karabulut Y.
The objective of this study was to determine the seed distribution uniformity of seeding machines using a low sensitivity (maximum 300 frames per second (fps)) high-speed camera and image processing method for corn, cotton, and wheat seeds under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, a high-speed camera with 100, 200, and 300 fps was used to measure the seed drop from the seeding tube onto the sticky belt. Video images then were transferred to the image processing algorithm, from which seed distribution can be calculated. The calculated measurements were compared statistically with the measurements obtained from sticky belt tests. According to the results for determining corn and cotton seed spacing by high-speed camera, the camera was successful only for corn seeds. For cotton seeds, camera readings were significantly different from the readings from the sticky belt due to the fact that capturing the cotton seed trajectory was not sufficient compared to the corn seed trajectory. Measuring the wheat seed spacing by high-speed camera was impossible with lower speeds of the camera. Wheat kernels could not be captured successfully by the camera at speeds of 100 and 200 fps. Therefore, only 300 fps speed was used to measure the seed spacing of wheat. © TUBİTAK.
Simulation optimization for transportation system: A real case application
(UIKTEN - Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science, 2017) Akpinar M.E.; Yildizel S.A.; Karabulut Y.; Doğan E.
Simulation applications help decision makers to give right decisions to eliminate some problems such as: create a new firm, need some changes inside a factory; improve the process of a hospital etc. In this engineering simulation study, there are two points which are used by students to arrive at the University. Initial point is the train station and the final point is the arrival point. Students' transportation is provided with buses. The main problem is to decide the number of buses by taking number of student into consideration. To be able to solve this real-life application PROMODEL pack software is used. © 2017 Muhammet Enes Akpinar et al.

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