Browsing by Author "Karaman, B"

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    Plant water stress monitoring and control system
    Simbeye, DS; Mkiramweni, ME; Karaman, B; Taskin, S
    Precision irrigation is an important component of the water-saving approaches in agriculture and is one of the methods for increasing water-saving efficiency. Detecting water stress in crops accurately is the basis of precision irrigation techniques. In this study, the crop water stress monitoring system was developed to detect the acoustic emission (AE) of plants, associating the three factors of soil, crops, and weather in real-time. The automatic mon-itoring system, which was developed using the virtual instrument platform, not only affects the water stress and the drought of the atmosphere but can also be used to control the greenhouse environment automatically. The substance subjected to testing was a potted tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum). Environmental parameters are monitored in this system using a virtual instrument data acquisition system based on Peripheral Component Inter-connect -Data acquisition (PCI-DAQ). The AE sensor was used to fix tomato stems at 1/3 and 2/3 of their overall height in order to detect AE information, which serves as an indirect indicator of the plant's water condition. This system, which could test and record water requirement information for the crops, has been demonstrated to be stable, nondestructive, and easily manipulable. The results showed that the cohesion between water molecules was weak under water stress conditions. The water flow fracture of the conduits resulted in cavitation by rapidly expanding gas bubbles. The cavitation event caused a rapid relaxation of the liquid tension that produced an AE of energy. It was found that crop hydraulic structure and anti-drought indicators were correlated with AE, which resulted from crop adaptation to the environment. The counts of AE change regularly, according to the variation of the environment's temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide consistency, and transpiration. Based on the relationship between AE and crop water stress conditions, the mathematical model of precision irrigation was obtained. As producing AE is a complex biological process, the future work is to build the different crops' information models in different growth periods. The data acquisition based on the AE information should be researched further.
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    Design and development of smart cover system for vineyards
    Karaman, B; Taskin, S; Simbeye, DS; Mkiramweni, ME; Kurtoglu, A
    With the abrupt change of climatic conditions every year, the effect on nature increases visibly. Grape producers experience the effects of climate change negatively. For example, frost, hail, and extreme temperatures are undesirable conditions for grape producers. When any of these natural events occur, they can greatly damage grape crops. In this study, a cover system that can be opened and closed automatically has been developed against undesirable natural events that vineyards are exposed to. The developed system consists of a DC gear motor capable to open and close the vineyard cover, a control card that collects the information from the sensors (rain sensor, temperature sensor, hail sensor, and frost sensor) and interprets the results, a solar battery that will store energy, a PV panel that will charge the battery, and mechanical components. In this work, an easily portable prototype was studied. The dimensions of the design have been realized as 1/3 of the dimensions of the real system. The system is designed to be 1 m high and 2 m wide. The control card of the system is designed to be suitable for outdoor conditions. Moreover, a remote management and condition monitoring of the system have been realized via a mobile application. Thus, it was aimed to increase the productivity of the vineyards and to protect the grapes.
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    Performance Evaluation of Passive and Active Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted OMA and NOMA Systems
    Karaman, B; Bastürk, I; Taskin, S
    Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) technology lets us to control the wireless channel that provides end to end to communication between the transmitter and receiver devices. Thanks to this feature that IRS is among the prominent technologies for 6G communication systems. It is important to reveal the effects of the IRS, which can be in the passive or active form according to the functionality, over different communication scenarios and different system models. Thus, in this study, both passive and active IRS types are combined with orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system models. The performance effect of both passive and active IRS types over the OMA and NOMA systems are examined in detail by obtaining Monte Carlo simulations under different parameters such as transmission power, the position of IRS, and the number of IRS elements.
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    Development of autonomous photovoltaic panel surface cleaning robot and analyzing of cleaning interval on energy efficiency
    Karaman, B; Taskin, S
    Solar Power Plant investments are increasing on a daily basis, as part of a strategy to maximize the use of Turkey's domestic and renewable energy resources. One of the factors affecting the efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) panel is also surface pollution. It is inevitable to increase the surface pollution of PV panels with environmental factors. Many parameters such as the location of PV panels, fixing patterns, the structural/chemical properties of the pollutants affect the frequency of cleaning periods of the PV panels. In this study, a PV panel surface cleaning robot is developed. It performs autonomously cleaning of substances including dirt, dust on PV panel surfaces. Some features of the developed autonomous robot are; (i) switching to autonomous operating mode if it is needed on rainy days, (ii) pure water-saving thanks to the cleaning decision based on the meteorological data, (iii) determining the cleaning operation based on the dust sensor data, (iv) condition monitoring and control via the developed mobile application. Moreover, the cleaning interval on the PV panel efficiency was investigated. Thus, optimum cleaning intervals were determined in terms of both PV panel energy efficiency and pure water-consuming of the designed robot.
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    Design of Wi-Fi-based new generation electricity meter for smart grids and smart building applications
    Karaman, B; Taskin, S
    Smart meters are among the fundamental components of smart grids due to their features such as high-accuracy energy measurement, remote reading, and control. They are also utilized to reduce the rate of illegal electrical energy use in some distribution areas. This paper presents the development of a Wi-Fi smart meter and designing a smart plug-in device for customer-side energy management. In this way, a method that does not require additional infrastructure and extra investment for remotely reading the energy consumption in environments with common Wi-Fi networks, such as large shopping malls, business centers, community buildings, villa cities, and university campuses has been proposed. The Wi-Fi smart meter and smart energy metering module (SEMM) support various user-friendly applications in accordance with the infrastructure of the smart grid and smart building applications. The SEMM is capable of measuring, monitoring, and remotely managing each electrical device. Thanks to the developed mobile application, customers can monitor their Wi-Fi smart meter data and also the consumption of each electrical device through the SEMMs as well as remotely manage these devices. The application examples presented in this study are also aimed at increasing awareness of energy saving for customers.
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    Enhancing Resiliency of Integrated Space- Air-Ground-Sea Networks with Renewable Energies: A Use Case After the 2023 TUrkiye Earthquake
    Karaman, B; Basturk, I; Taskin, S; Kara, F; Zeydan, E; Yanikomeroglu, H
    Natural disasters can have catastrophic consequences; a poignant example is the series of 7.7- and 7.6-magnitude earthquakes that devastated T & uuml;rkiye on February 6, 2023. To limit damage, it is essential to maintain the communications infrastructure to ensure individuals impacted by the disaster can receive critical information. The disastrous earthquakes in T & uuml;rkiye have revealed the importance of considering communications and energy solutions together to build resilient and sustainable infrastructure. Thus, this article proposes an integrated space-air-ground-sea network architecture that utilizes various communications and energy-enabling technologies. This study aims to contribute to the development of robust and sustainable disaster-response frameworks. In light of the T & uuml;rkiye earthquakes, two methods for network management are proposed. The first aims to ensure sustainability in the pre-disaster phase, and the second aims to maintain communications during the in-disaster phase. In these frameworks, communications technologies such as high altitude platform station(s) (HAPS), which are among the key enablers to unlock the potential of 6G networks and energy technologies, such as Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), and Electric Vehicles (EVs), have been used as the prominent technologies. By simulating a case study, we demonstrate the performance of a proposed framework for providing network resiliency. The article concludes with potential challenges and future directions to achieve a disaster-resilient network architecture solution.