Browsing by Author "Koca Y.B."

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    Histological structure of the skin of the southern crested newt, triturus karelinii (salamandridae: Urodela)
    (2004) Gürcü B.; Balcan E.; Koca Y.B.
    The histological structure of the skin of the Southern Crested Newt, Triturus karelinii, from the active aquatic period has been studied by different staining methods. The species has two main layers: epidermis and dermis. The epidermal layer contains stratum germinativum and stratum corneum; the dermal layer stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. The dermis has a connective tissue structure and contains large amounts of chromatophores and secretory glands. While the stratum compactum of the dermis contains collagen fibres, the basal laminae of the epidermal stratum germinativum cells, apical facies of the stratum corneum cells and the dermal ground substances contain glycosaminoglycan structures. By using computerized image processing software, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis has been measured and the amount of collagen fibres in terms of chosen point determined. We conclude that the extracellular matrix of the T. karelinii skin is largely comprised of two structurally distinct molecular components: collagen and glycosaminoglycans, but the amount of these components may be different in the water and land periods, depending upon the activity of these amphibians. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Investigation of histopathological and cytogenetic effects on Lepomis gibbosus (Pisces: Perciformes) in the çine stream (Aydin/Turkey) with determination of water pollution
    (2005) Koca Y.B.; Koca S.; Yildiz Ş.; Gürcü B.; Osanç E.; Tunçbaş O.; Aksoy G.
    Water quality and the distribution of some heavy metals in three different organs of Lepomis gibbosus from the Çine Stream were studied. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver, and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. Micronucleus (MN) formation in fish erytrocytes, as an indicator of chromosomal damage, has been increasingly used to detect the genotoxic potential of environmental contaminants. The frequency of MN was examined from samples of fish from the Çine Stream and a control group. MN frequency was higher in fish samples caught from the Çine Stream than that in the control group. The chemicals ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and sulphate were determined as parameters that possibly affect the gill, liver, and muscle morphology. Zn was the most accumulated metal in tissues as well as in water. Maximum metal accumulation occured in both liver and gills. For histopathological examinations, samples of gills, liver, and muscle tissues of L. gibbosus were studied by using light microscopy. In this study, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae were observed. Moreover, cellular proliferation developed with secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations or club deformation of secondary lamellae, as well as distribution of necrotic, hyperplastic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells, loss of cord structure, reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes, and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris and many dark particles were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution, and a decline or loss of striatation in muscle fibres were found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Genotoxic and histopathological effects of water pollution on two fish species, Barbus capito pectoralis and Chondrostoma nasus in the Büyük Menderes River, Turkey
    (2008) Koca S.; Koca Y.B.; Yildiz Ş.; Gürcü B.
    The genotoxic and histopathological effects of water pollution were investigated on two fish species caught from the Buyuk Menderes River and from its tributary, the Cine Stream. The Buyuk Menderes basin is an important agricultural area in Turkey. The levels of copper, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, and lead were measured at the surface of the water and in gills, liver, and muscle tissue of Chondrostoma nasus and Barbus capito pectoralis. In some tissues, the concentrations of some of these metals exceeded acceptable levels for human consumption. Zinc was found to be the most abundant metal in water and tissues. Maximal metal accumulation was observed in the liver. To detect the genotoxic potential of contaminants, the formation of micronucleus in erythrocytes was used as indicator of chromosomal damage. The frequency of micronucleus formation did not show significant differences between locations and controls in B. capito pectoralis caught from three locations and C. nasus from two locations. The histological changes included significant decreases of the mean lengths of primary and secondary lamellae. In gills epithelia, we observed cellular proliferation that developed Because of secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations, or club deformation of secondary lamellae and cystic structures in secondary lamellae. In the liver, the changes included swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells, loss of cord structure, vacuoles filled with cellular debris, focal necrosis, and a significant increase in Kupffer cells. © 2007 Humana Press Inc.
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    Investigation of histopathological and cytogenetic effects of heavy metals pollution on Cyprinus carpio (Linneaus, 1758) in the Göhnarmara Lake, Turkey
    (2010) Gurcu B.; Yildiz S.; Koca Y.B.; Koca S.
    Concentration of heavy metals were measured in the surface water, sediments and three different organs of Cyprinus carpio from the Gölmarmara lake (Manisa, Turkey). Four sampling sites located at different parts of the lake were pre-defined. The accumulation of copper, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, lead, chromium, iron, mangane in gills, liver and muscle of C. carpio were determined. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. The order of accumulation of heavy metals was found to be Zn>Pb>Fe>Co>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Cd in water, Zn>Cr>Pb>Fe>Co>Mn>Ni>Cu>Cd in sediment, Zn>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Fe>Co>Cd in muscle and Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu>Fe>Co in liver and Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cd>Co>Fe in gills. As a result of histopathological examinations, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae was observed. Cellular proliferation caused secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations of secondary lamellae as well as distribution of necrotic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution and a decline or loss of striatation in muscle fibres were found. The frequency of micronucleus formation did not show significant differences in fish samples caught from the Golmarmara lake. © Medwell Journals, 2010.
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    Morphological and histochemical investigations of esophagogastric tract of a lizard, Laudakia stellio (Agamidae, Linnaeus 1758)
    (2011) Koca Y.B.; Gürcü B.
    Histological structures of esophagus and stomach tissue samples of Lacerta stellio have been studied, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution has been histochemically determined. Histologically, esophagus and stomach of L. stellio are composed of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae and serosa. Mucosa of esophagus is covered by simple columnar ciliated epithelium with many mucous secreting goblet cells and contains branched tubular glands.Stomach of L. stellio is composed of fundus (oral and aboral) and pylorus regions. Mucosa is covered by columnar epithelium. Fundic glands are branched tubular glands while pyloric glands are usually simple tubular glands. In both regions of the stomach, glands are subdivided into three areas as base, neck and isthmus. Both in the esophagus and stomach, muscular layer is in the form of smooth muscle having inner circular and outer longitudinal layers.According to the results obtained by Alcian Blue (pH 5.8)/Periodic Acid Schiff staining, stomach is similar to esophagus in that neutral mucins and hyaluronic acid (HA) are dominant in isthmus and neck regions of gland tissue of stomach. In the base of the stomach, only neutral mucins have been observed. HA has been observed to be dominant in all other regions of both stomach and esophagus, along with some but not much sulphated GAGs. © 2011 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.
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    Matrix changes due to the toxic effects of metronidazole in intestinal tissue of fish (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Gürcü B.; Koca Y.B.; Özkut M.; Tuğlu M.T.
    Metranidazole (MTZ) is an antibiotic used for parasitic infections in a number of species. Accumulation of this drug in the environment and its interaction with fish of economic value makes this drug particularly important. In the present study, we examined the histopathological effects of MTZ on the intestinal tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss.The fish in aquarium were exposed to MTZ at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/L for 2, 4 and 8 days. At the end of the experiments, macroscopic pathology or death were not observed at these doses. Histochemical staining with Haematoxylene-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Gomori Trichrome showed, depending on increased dose and prolonged duration, areas of necrosis, edema, inflammation, small tears at the tips of the villi and excretion with heterogenic distribution of the Goblet cells. Moreover, changes in the connective tissue of the intestines due to toxicity of MTZ and decreases in immunostaining of matrix proteins such as laminin and collagen IV, especially in the epithelium were observed.Findings of the present study would be useful to demonstrate the adverse effects of MTZ use, emphasizing the importance of the effect on fish which could be very important public health. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Genotoxic Effect, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death due to Metronidazole Application in Gills and Liver Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (University of Tehran, 2022) Gurcu B.; Koca S.; Koca Y.B.; Collu F.; Ibrahim Tuglu M.
    In this study, the purpose was to investigate the histopathological, genotoxic effect, oxidative stress and cell death due to Metronidazole (MTZ), which is a 5-nitroimidazole compound, used widely for the treatment of anaerobic organism infections in fish and humans on gill and liver tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Trout fishes were exposed to 5, 10, and 20 mg/L of MTZ in the aquariums for 2, 4 and 8 days. Staining technics namely H&E, NOS immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL were performed to determine histopathological changes, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Additionally, smear preparations were also prepared from gill blood for genotoxic evaluations. The organ damage started in the 2nd day with 5 mg/L MTZ application and effects increased per duration and dose-dependent manner. It was observed that the gills had the primary and secondary lamellae lengths, with formation of clavate lamellae, fusion in secondary lamellae, separation of epithelium and aneurysm. Regional necrosis, vacuolization of hepatocytes, pycnotic nucleus, enlarged sinusoids were also determined in the liver. NOS immunoreactivity increased with the inducible immunoreactivity (iNOS) that was more prominent when compared to the endothelial immunoreactivity (eNOS). Apoptotic immunoreactivity was higher in the 10 mg 8th day experimental group at liver and gills, and was lower 20 mg 8th day experimental group. When the gills and liver compared with each other, in all doses, immunoreactivity was lower in gills, compared with liver. Genotoxic examinations showed that both number of micro nucleated erythrocytes and nuclei abnormalities were higher in MTZ-treated groups. © 2022 University of Tehran. All rights reserved.