Browsing by Author "Koraqi H."

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    Optimization of extraction condition to improve blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity by natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) using the simplex lattice mixture design method
    (Elsevier Inc., 2024) Koraqi H.; Yüksel Aydar A.; Pandiselvam R.; Qazimi B.; Khalid W.; Trajkovska Petkoska A.; Çesko C.; Ramniwas S.; Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq S.; Rustagi S.
    In the present study, a statistical tool called the simplex lattice mixture design method was used to create a new formulation of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) that is derived from a combination of three compounds (lactic acid, maltose, and water) to extract phenolic compounds, including the anthocyanin content, as well as their antioxidant activity from blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa L.). The optimal condition for the highest compounds and antioxidant activity was obtained by simultaneous optimization of the ternary mixture containing lactic acid: maltose: water (66:16:16 v/v/v), which was the most suitable for simultaneous maximization of maximum total phenolic content (TPC) (134 ± 1.6 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (AA) showing a 141 ± 1.4 mmol/TE g, which were measured using the DPPH assay. The ternary mixture containing lactic acid: maltose: water (33:33:33 v/v/v), which was the most suitable for simultaneous maximization of the total anthocyanin content (TAC) (120.3 ± 1.3 mg C3G/g)/TE g. The ANOVA analysis of the mixture design showed that all three responses (TPC, TAC, and AA) were statistically significant, with determination coefficients of 94.41 %, 94.96 %, and 98.38 %, respectively, and fit the quadratic regression models. A chromatographic analysis of the NADES extract of the blackthorn fruit revealed that phenolics (vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid) and anthocyanin (Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, Peonidin-3-O-glucoside and Delphidin-3-O-β-O-glucoside) are the most prevalent bioactive compounds. These results indicate that the simplex lattice mixture design effectively optimized the phenolic and anthocyanin content, thereby preserving their antioxidant activity. This optimization is valuable, as it can potentially enhance the nutritional and functional value of blackthorn fruit extracts that are rich in phenolic compounds and have antioxidant properties. These discoveries could be used in the creation of functional food, dietary supplement, and natural antioxidant for several fields. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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    Ultrasound-assisted extraction with natural deep eutectic solvent for phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill.: Experimental design optimization using central composite design
    (Elsevier Inc., 2024) Koraqi H.; Aydar A.Y.; Khalid W.; Ercisli S.; Rustagi S.; Ramniwas S.; Pandiselvam R.
    Combining natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) created a green extraction medium for important phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill. For this purpose, three different NADES based on lactic acid were designed and tested as green extraction solvents. Citric acid, glucose, mannitol, and glycerol were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), while lactic acid as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The best extraction efficiency was demonstrated by NADESLACAGLY, which contains lactic acid, citric acid, and glycerol (3:1:2) compare with two other NADES (NADESLAGLU and NADESLAMA) and conventional solvents (ethanol and methanol). These parameters included total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA). Then the UAE procedure was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total phenolic compounds (R2 = 0.9625, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), total flavonoid compounds (R2 = 0.9682, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9940, p < 0.0001 and p<0.05). An extraction time of 60 min, a solvent volume of 35 mL, and an amount of water in NADES 30 % (v/v) were considered optimal conditions. The present study demonstrates the potential for creating eco-friendly solvents with enhanced extraction capabilities compared to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various natural sources that are used as natural food colorants and cosmetic dyes. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Application of multivariate analysis and Kohonen Neural Network to discriminate bioactive components and chemical composition of kosovan honey
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Koraqi H.; Wawrzyniak J.; Aydar A.Y.; Pandiselvam R.; Khalide W.; Petkoska A.T.; Karabagias I.K.; Ramniwas S.; Rustagi S.
    The diversity of botanical origins may influence the composition of honey and thus its recognition as a functional and healthy food. This study examined the standard physicochemical properties, bioactive components and antioxidant activity of Kosovan honeys according to their floral source (monofloral, blossom, acacia, and mountain blossom honey). Then the Kohonen Neural Network (KNN), which transforms complex multivariate data into two-dimensional space, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to identify and group botanical origin of honey samples based on their component features. Physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity varied significantly between the individual distinct varieties of honeys. Statistical analysis showed the usefulness of KNN and PCA for dimensionality reduction and detecting the structure and general regularities in the values of variables describing the tested honeys of the same botanical origin. KNNs have proven to be a particularly effective data mining tool, enabling the detection of subtle differences and clearer separation of clusters occurring in honey samples. The developed KNN model revealed proximity between the AC and MBL clusters, as well as between the MF and BL clusters, indicating similarity of their features. The arrangement of honey groups on the matrix map also suggested that the properties of AC and MBL honeys were significantly different from those of MF and BL honeys. The research showed that both methods used could be used as additional statistical tools supporting the recognition of the type of honey according to its chemical composition, mineral content, bioactive components and the antioxidant activity of honey as a functional food. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd