Browsing by Author "Koyuncu, M"

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    Evaluation of Shame and Guilt Emotions in the Scope of Cognitive Psychology
    Söylemez, S; Koyuncu, M; Amado, S
    Shame and guilt, which are classified as social emotions, are evaluated like a warning signal or a physiological punishment that regulates behavior during a social exclusion danger. These emotions play a key role in many psychological issues and are closely related to cognitive psychology. Besides the functions of shame and guilt in daily life, their adaptive and physiological characteristics, evolutionary features, and neurological structures draw attention to the relationship between these emotions and cognitive structures. However, in existing studies of cognitive psychology, these emotions have not been processed as extensively as basic emotions. In this review, shame and guilt emotions are introduced and their relation with cognitive psychology is tried to be emphasized. The literature reports that these emotions differ from basic emotions and from each other. Evolutionary sources are used to emphasize the importance of the feelings of shame and guilt and understand the functions they possess. Neurocognitive resources are utilized to evaluate the relation of these emotions with cognition on the basis of their extensions in the brain. At the end of the review, existing studies on shame and guilt in cognitive psychology are addressed. A brief summary about which subjects in relation to these emotions have been studied in Turkey in relation to these emotions is presented. This review concludes that a comprehensive approach needs to be adapted in future studies while discussing shame and guilt by considering cognitive properties of these emotions.
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    Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
    Kowal, M; Sorokowski, P; Pisanski, K; Valentova, JV; Varella, MAC; Frederick, DA; Al-Shawaf, L; García, FE; Giammusso, I; Gjoneska, B; Kozma, L; Otterbring, T; Papadatou-Pastou, M; Pfuhl, G; Stöckli, S; Studzinska, A; Toplu-Demirtas, E; Touloumakos, AK; Bakos, BE; Batres, C; Bonneterre, S; Czamanski-Cohen, J; Dacanay, JC; Deschrijver, E; Fisher, ML; Grano, C; Grigoryev, D; Kacmár, P; Kozlov, M; Manunta, E; Massar, K; McFall, JP; Mebarak, M; Miccoli, MR; Milfont, TL; Prokop, P; Aavik, T; Arriaga, P; Baiocco, R; Cenek, J; Çetinkaya, H; Duyar, I; Guemaz, F; Ishii, T; Kamburidis, JA; Khun-Inkeeree, H; Lidborg, LH; Manor, H; Nussinson, R; Omar-Fauzee, MSB; Pazhoohi, F; Ponnet, K; Santos, AC; Senyk, O; Spasovski, O; Vintila, M; Wang, AH; Yoo, G; Zerhouni, O; Amin, R; Aquino, S; Boga, M; Boussena, M; Can, AR; Can, SD; Castro, R; Chirumbolo, A; Çoker, O; Cornec, C; Dural, S; Eder, SJ; Moharrampour, NG; Grassini, S; Hristova, E; Ikizer, G; Kervyn, N; Koyuncu, M; Kunisato, Y; Lins, S; Mandzyk, T; Mari, S; Mattiassi, ADA; Memisoglu-Sanli, A; Morelli, M; Novaes, FC; Parise, M; Banai, IP; Perun, M; Plohl, N; Sahli, FZ; Sakan, D; Smojver-Azic, S; Solak, Ç; Söylemez, S; Toyama, A; Wlodarczyk, A; Yamada, Y; Abad-Villaverde, B; Afhami, R; Akello, G; Alami, NH; Alma, L; Argyrides, M; Atamtürk, D; Burduli, N; Cardona, S; Carneiro, J; Castaneda, A; Chalatkiewicz, I; Chopik, WJ; Chubinidze, D; Conroy-Beam, D; Contreras-Garduño, J; da Silva, DR; Don, YB; Donato, S; Dubrov, D; Duracková, M; Dutt, S; Ebimgbo, SO; Estevan, I; Etchezahar, E; Fedor, P; Fekih-Romdhane, F; Frackowiak, T; Galasinska, K; Gargula, L; Gelbart, B; Yepes, TG; Hamdaoui, B; Hromatko, I; Itibi, SN; Jaforte, L; Janssen, SMJ; Jovic, M; Kertechian, KS; Khan, F; Kobylarek, A; Koso-Drljevic, M; Krasnodebska, A; Krizanic, V; Landa-Blanco, M; Mailhos, A; Marot, T; Dorcic, TM; Martinez-Banfi, M; Yusof, MR; Mayorga-Lascano, M; Mikuliciute, V; Misetic, K; Musil, B; Najmussaqib, A; Muthu, KN; Natividade, JC; Ndukaihe, ILG; Nyhus, EK; Oberzaucher, E; Omar, SS; Ostaszewski, F; Pacquing, MCT; Pagani, AF; Park, JH; Pirtskhalava, E; Reips, UD; Reyes, MES; Röer, JP; Sahin, A; Samekin, A; Sargautyte, R; Semenovskikh, T; Siepelmeyer, H; Singh, S; Soltys, A; Sorokowska, A; Soto-López, R; Sultanova, L; Tamayo-Agudelo, W; Tan, CS; Topanova, GT; Bulut, MT; Trémolière, B; Tulyakul, S; Türkan, BN; Urbanek, A; Volkodav, T; Walter, K; Yaakob, MFM; Zumárraga-Espinosa, M
    People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.
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    How Shame and Guilt Influence Perspective Taking: A Comparison of Turkish and German Cultures
    Söylemez, S; Koyuncu, M; Wolf, OT; Türkan, BN
    Shame and guilt are negative social emotions that are sensitive to culture, and findings from past research have suggested that shame impairs perspective-taking cognitive ability more than guilt does. however, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of research that has considered culture and experimentally tested the effect of shame and guilt on perspective-taking. Taking an experimental perspective, this study aimed to examine how shame and guilt states affect perspective-taking performance in two different cultures (Turkish vs. German). Data from German and Turkish female college students provided support for the effect of emotional state and culture on perspective-taking, but there was no interaction between them. We discussed the results and possible explanations for them in light of the literature.