Browsing by Author "Mamur, H"
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Item A Review on Performance Evaluation of Bi2Te3-based and some other Thermoelectric Nanostructured MaterialsBhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, H; Dilmaç, ÖFBackground: Future sustainable energy industrialization is a green energy source that has a lower circumstantial impact than traditional energy technologies. The advancement of new energy generation is important to expand the share of renewable energy sources. Objective: Worldwide, for the next generation, future energy demand may be fulfilled by using one of the renewable energy sources such as thermo electricity. Methods: The bismuth telluride-based (Bi2Te3-based) nanostructure material in thermo electricity still has a major part of applications. It is known as the most prospective TE device manufactured from a research arena towards successful commercialization. Results: The Bi2Te3-based nanostructure material is now on commercialization stages that it has some limitations. In order to find out the future direction of research and development of this material, the material will face a challenging way. Conclusion: The review paper provides an effective approach to overcome the limitation of Bi2Te3- based nanostructure. Moreover, in this review paper, the performance evaluation with existing Bi2Te3-based nanostructure and some other TE materials will be discussed in detail.Item A brief review on renewable and sustainable energy resources in BangladeshBhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, H; Begum, JThe power sector in Bangladesh is dependent on fossil fuels like natural gas, furnace oil, diesel, and coal. In the fiscal year 2019-20, electricity generated in Bangladesh from natural gas about 71.82%, from furnace oil about 13.25%, from diesel about 0.20%, from coal about 4.16%, from renewable energy sources about 1.23%. Imported from the nearest country by having been connected to a grid line was about 9.34% of electricity within this year. A new record for the Bangladesh the power plants produced 12,893-MW (MW) electricity on 29 May 2019, the record-breaking generation took place against the forecasted demand of 14,796 MW. Generally, in the summer season, produced electricity cannot fulfill the country's demand as a barrier for industrial production and socio-economic infrastructure development. Overcome these problems the renewable energy sources can be more helpful for the electricity generation in Bangladesh. The government encourages people in rural areas to using renewable energy-based electricity like solar energy. Within the year 2021, they are planning to generate 10% of electricity from renewable energy sources. However, they have no success to generate a significant amount of total electricity from renewable energy sources in 2020. Herein, this review represents the present status, prospects, and update information about the renewable and sustainable energy source in Bangladesh. The review also discussed to provide the guideline for the government would successfully end their plan.Item A Brief Review on the Synthesis of Zno Nanoparticles for Biomedical ApplicationsBhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, HThe semiconducting Zinc Oxide (ZnO), particles have excellent biocompatibility, good chemical stability, selectivity, sensitivity, non-toxicity, and fast electron transfer characteristics. Thus, these nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention due to their potential performance in human body. The nanoparticles have become more promising in biomedical applications through the development of anticancer agents to recover different types of malignant cells in the human body. The ZnO nanoparticles can be the future materials for biomedical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the cost-effective approaches to synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the ideas developed, may be scaled-up for biomedical applications.Item A review on bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanostructure for thermoelectric applicationsMamur, H; Bhuiyan, MRA; Korkmaz, F; Nil, MBismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) is basically known as an efficient thermoelectric material. Nowadays, it has been attracted a great deal of interest in energy harvesting, chip cooling, chip sensing and other field of material science because of its potential applications. In order to produce Bi2Te3 nanostructure, a number of methods such as solvo and hydro thermal, refluxing, straight forward arc-melting and polyol methods have been employed. Among of them, the solvothermal method has been one of the most common methods to fabricate Bi2Te3 nanostructure in thermoelectric applications. But the development of device-quality material has been a challenging task for the researchers, yet. For this reason, this paper provides a review of current research activities on Bi2Te3 nanostructure growth by several methods and its characterization through theoretical and analytical aspects. Moreover, the paper handles a systematic and intensive research work to develop and understand the materials in nanostructure forms.Item Thermal design of a thermoelectric refrigerator operating near room temperature using artificial neural networkYkrelef, H; Chiba, Y; Zirari, M; Benyekhlef, A; Boukaoud, A; Sebbar, D; Kherkhar, A; Mamur, HThe current study aimed to design and test a prototype of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using thermoelectric modules (TEM) operating near room temperature. The thermoelectric cooler utilized in this investigation has a maximum cooling power of 46 W and dimensions of 40 mm x 40 mm x 3.6 mm. After a series of measurements, the device temperature decreased from an ambient temperature of 19.6 degrees C to 1.6 degrees C, with a notable coefficient of performance around 0.9, achieved through the utilization of both serial and parallel connections. The secondary objective of this research was based on an artificial neural network (ANN) approach. An ANN model was constructed using an experimental database acquired from our thermoelectric refrigeration device. The input parameters of humidity, time, performance coefficient, cooling power, and heat dissipation were introduced into the model to enhance the cold temperature as the output. Using a multilayer perceptron (MLP), the experimental dataset was used for training, testing, and validating the ANN. The precision of the model was evaluated using three established statistical metrics: mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R-squared (R2).Item Characterization of Bi2Te3 Nanostructure by Using a Cost Effective Chemical Solution RouteMamur, H; Bhuiyan, MRAAn efficient and cost effective approach in the synthesis process of the bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) powders and pellets were developed based on a chemical solution route. The route consists of dissolving of both the bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)(3)center dot 5H(2)O and tellurium dioxide, TeO2 into the same inorganic nitric acid, HNO3 with the two-step precipitation of sodium hydroxide, NaOH and sodium borohydride, NaBH4. The different characterization parameters such as X-Ray Difflaction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Ultra Violet (UT. absorbance and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectrometry were carried out. As a result of these, the developed powders possessed a rhombo-hedral crystal structure exhibiting a nanocrystalline form with crystalline size about 10 nm. The elemental of Bi and Te were developed with their stoichiometric atomic ratio of (30.15): (48.19). Furthermore, the TEA/I micrographs showed an aggregate phenomenon and the primary crystalline size being quite low. Additionally, the produced Bi2Te3 pellets indicated a smooth surface with an average roughness value of 58 nm according to the AFM image. Absorption has occurred at about a range within 1 (arbitrary unit). Ultimately, the FTIR demonstrated that the C-H, O-H, C-O and C-S bonds were similar to the Bi2Te3 nanostructure materials.Item Synthesis and characterisation of CdSe QDs by using a chemical solution routeAkter, M; Khan, MNI; Mamur, H; Bhuiyan, MRAAn efficient synthesis process approach based on a chemical solution route is developed for the cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) that utilise photonic and optoelectronic device manufacturing. The developed route consists of dissolving the cadmium chloride (CdCl2 center dot H2O), 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium selenide anhydrous (Na2SeO3). The different characterisation parameters such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed in order to develop the CdSe QDs. When the sample was analysed from the UV-visible studies, the bandgap was about 2.16 eV, whereas the bulk CdSe bandgap was about 1.78 eV. The developed CdSe QDs possessed a cubic crystal structure with crystalline dimensions of about 4.86 mn. Its surface morphology and structure showed the smooth appearance of the surface. The result indicated agglomerated spheres. Ultimately, according to XRD and TEM results, the crystalline dimension was determined in good agreements.Item Life performance prediction of natural gas combined cycle power plant with intelligent algorithmsKaraçor, M; Uysal, A; Mamur, H; Sen, G; Nil, M; Bilgin, MZ; Dogan, H; Sahin, CThe efficient use of a system is enabled with the life performance estimations. Thus, the effective use of underground resources is realized especially natural gas. Based on this, life performance models were generated to aim of improving the efficient use of energy for a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) of 243 MW installed in Izmir, Turkey by using fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) in this study. Therefore, output power estimations were carried out. Depending on the developed models, an estimation of the energy that the CCPP can produce and provide to the interconnected system in the following years has been made. According to the obtained results, the error prediction rates of FL and ANN models were determined. It was found that while the energy relative error estimation value that can be produced between the years calculated in modeling using FL varies between 0.59% and 3.54%, this value was found to vary between 0.001% and 0.84% in modeling using ANN. This result shows that the ANN model is more suitable for the life performance estimations of such a nonlinear system.Item Enhancing Bi2Te2.70Se0.30 Thermoelectric Module Performance through COMSOL SimulationsHasan, MK; Üstüner, MA; Mamur, H; Bhuiyan, MRAThis research employs the COMSOL Multiphysics software (COMSOL 6.2) to conduct rigorous simulations and assess the performance of a thermoelectric module (TEM) meticulously crafted with alumina (Al2O3), copper (Cu), and Bi2Te2.70Se0.30 thermoelectric (TE) materials. The specific focus is on evaluating diverse aspects of the Bi2Te2.70Se0.30 thermoelectric generator (TEG). The TEM design incorporates Bi2Te2.70Se0.30 for TE legs of the p- and n-type positioned among the Cu layers, Cu as the electrical conductor, and Al2O3 serving as an electrical insulator between the top and bottom layers. A thorough investigation is conducted into critical parameters within the TEM, which include arc length, electric potential, normalized current density, temperature gradient, total heat source, and total net energy rate. The geometric configuration of the square-shaped Bi2Te2.70Se0.30 TEM, measuring 1 mm x 1 mm x 2.5 mm with a 0.25 mm Al2O3 thickness and a 0.125 mm Cu thickness, is scrutinized. This study delves into the transport phenomena of TE devices, exploring the impacts of the Seebeck coefficient (S), thermal conductivity (k), and electrical conductivity (sigma) on the temperature differential across the leg geometry. Modeling studies underscore the substantial influence of S = +/- 2.41 x 10(-3) V/K, revealing improved thermal conductivity and decreased electrical conductivity at lower temperatures. The findings highlight the Bi2Te2.70Se0.30 TEM's high potential for TEG applications, offering valuable insights into design and performance considerations crucial for advancing TE technology.Item Evaluation of municipal solid waste characterization and landfill gas power plant electrical energy production efficiency during COVID-19 pandemicAlboga, B; Nil, M; Bhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, HDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, the amount and types of municipal solid waste (MSW) have dramatically changed. This study focuses on characterizing the MSWs in the regular waste storage facility (RWSF) in Izmir, Turkey, and determining the electrical energy that can be produced by the landfill gas power plant (LFGPP) established to convert the waste to energy (WtE). Therefore, firstly the MSWs were characterized. After, the amount of produced methane (CH4) 4 ) gas was determined using Landfill Gas Emissions Modeling (LandGEM). The amount of generated electricity, the dependent variable in the LandGEM model, was most influenced by the quantity of MSW, garbage disposal processes, and maintenance times of gas generators, while other factors remained relatively weak. This situation has also been confirmed in the field. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in MSW was 9.8% in 2020 and 10.3% in 2021. Kitchen waste containing the highest CH4, 4 , accounted for 38% of the MSW characterization. The amount of generated electricity in the LandGEM model was 237 GWh in 2020 and 245 GWh in 2021. While these values could be achieved by 11.25% in 2020 due to various system and field failures, they reached 79.73% in 2021 due to system and field improvements.Item Detailed modeling of a thermoelectric generator for maximum power point trackingMamur, H; Çoban, YThermoelectric generators (TEGs) are used in small power applications to generate electrical energy from waste heats. Maximum power is obtained when the connected load to the ends of TEGs matches their internal resistance. However, impedance matching cannot always be ensured. Therefore, TEGs operate at lower efficiency. For this reason, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are utilized. In this study, both TEGs and a boost converter with MPPT were modeled together. Detailed modeling, simulation, and verification of TEGs depending on the Seebeck coefficient, the hot/cold side temperatures, and the number of modules in MATLAB/Simulink were carried out. In addition, a boost converter having a perturb and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm was added to the TEG modeling. After the TEG output equations were determined, the TEG modeling was performed based on manufacturer data sheets. Thanks to the TEG model and the boost converter with P&O MPPT, the maximum power was tracked with a value of 98.64% and the power derived from the TEG was nearly unaffected by the load changes. The power outputs obtained from the system with and without MPPT were compared to emphasize the importance of MPPT. These simulation values were verified by using an experimental setup. Ultimately, the proposed modeling provides a system of TEGs and a boost converter having P&O MPPT.Item Thermoelectric generators act as renewable energy sourcesMamur, H; Dilmac, OF; Begum, J; Bhuiyan, MRAThe thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a solid-state energy converting device that converts heat directly into electrical energy. TEGs are silent, scalable, and reliable, as they have no moving parts. The consciousness of surroundings pollution correlated with global warming has resulted in an upsurge of technological research to develop eco-friendly energy resources. TEG employs waste heat to generate power and thus can be the termed eco-friendly energy source. In the economic aspect, waste heat is a free source for generating electrical energy. It can handle the heat generated by the human body, computer chips, automobile engines, and industrial utilities. TEG used as a renewable energy source has been presented in this review article. It would help in the development of establishing a low-power solution and high-performance system. The present status, prospect, and update information about the TEG used as a renewable energy source has been discussed in detail. This review article also provides a recommendation, which system would be suitable for electrical energy generation by TEG through renewable energy resources.Item Emerging Opportunities and Challenges of Nanoparticles in NanomedicineBhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, H; Ustuner, MA; Korucu, HNanomedicine encompasses a wide range of utilizations, including medical biological devices, nanoparticles (NPs), nanoelectronic biosensors, and possible future applications of molecular nanotechnologies, such as biological machines. Understanding toxicity and environmental impact problems is a current challenge in nanomedicine. The advancement of NPs in nanomedicine foresees emerging opportunities that may change healthcare by enhancing pharmaceutical effectiveness. This review may reveal novel and improved biomedical significance by delving deeper into advanced growth methodologies and NP applications in nanomedicine. NPs' outstanding physical and chemical characteristics have advanced medical, diagnostic, and screening techniques. The present review offers a current overview of organic and inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting recent advancements, obstacles, and potential applications for nanomedicine. Also, the focus of this review is on a fundamental concept that underlies the creation of novel and successful therapies using NPs in the field of nanomedicine for the human body's lungs, heart, brain, and kidneys. This extensive and insightful information source would be beneficial to the advancement of nanomedicine.Item Current and Future Trend Opportunities of Thermoelectric Generator Applications in Waste Heat Recovery brBhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, H; Ustuner, MA; Dilmac, OFToday, with the increase of industrialization, the waste heat emitted by the industrial machines used has started to increase. Therefore, the energy efficiency of these devices also decreases. In addition, this waste heat remains a bad factor that plays a role in the world's climate change. Governments are implementing incentive policies to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, both scientists and engineers strive for a cleaner environment and energy. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are one of the devices that contribute to energy efficiency and sustainable energy production by ensuring the recovery of a certain part of the waste heat emitted by these machines to the environment. The TEGs have found traditional uses from the waste heat of microprocessors to the waste heat of stoves. However, their proliferation is limited by their efficiency less than 10% and their high purchasing costs. Academicians and engineers continue to work without slowing down to overcome these. The semiconductors with low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity are the main subjects studied in this field. With overcoming these difficulties, it is aimed to use thermoelectric generators in the future to convert the waste heat of almost all devices into electrical energy. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the current innovations of TEGs and to determine the future trend. Among the main findings of this study, it is predicted that TEGs will be widely used in areas where there is a need for silent and maintenance-free energy in the future.Item Cost-effective chemical solution synthesis of bismuth telluride nanostructure for thermoelectric applicationsMamur, H; Dilmac, OF; Korucu, H; Bhuiyan, MRAIn this work, the bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanostructure for thermoelectric applications was successfully synthesised by a new cost-effective chemical solution process. Firstly, the metal solutions of bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and tellurium dioxide were mixed together at room temperature with adjusting the hydrodynamic atmosphere and introduced the sodium hydroxide. After that, different characterisation parameters, such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, and transverse electron microscopy (TEM) were obtained. Then, the average crystalline size of the Bi2Te3 nanostructure was found 23 nm. According to these obtained results, the materials consist of every specimen in nano range dimension in AFM studies. The elemental of Bi and Te were arranged with their quite stoichiometric atomic ratio observed by SEM. Ultimately, the TEM micrographs showed that the powders exhibited an aggregate phenomenon, and the primary crystalline size was about low dimension.Item Use of the Genetic Algorithm-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Load-Frequency Control in a Two Area Interconnected Power SystemCam, E; Gorel, G; Mamur, HThe use of renewable energy resources has created some problems for power systems. One of the most important of these is load frequency control (LFC). In this study, in order to solve the LFC problem, modern control methods were applied to a two area multi source interconnected power system. A photovoltaic solar power plant (PV-SPP) was also connected, in order to identify the harmful effects on the frequency of the system. A new Genetic-based Fuzzy Logic (GA-FL) controller was designed to control the frequency of the system. For comparison, conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fuzzy logic (FL), and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-PID controllers were also designed. The new control method exhibited a better performance than the conventional and other modern control methods, because of the low overshoot and short settling time. All simulations were realized with the Matlab-Simulink program.Item The effect of ambient temperature on electric power generation in natural gas combined cycle power plant-A case studySen, G; Nil, M; Mamur, H; Dogan, H; Karamolla, M; Karaçor, M; Kuyucuoglu, F; Yörükeren, N; Bhuiyan, MRANatural gas combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) are widely used to meet peak loads in electric energy production. Continuous monitoring of the output electrical power of CCPPs is a requirement for power performance. In this study, the role of ambient temperature change having the greatest effect on electric production is experimentally investigated for a natural gas CCPP. The plant has generated electricity for fourteen years and setup at 240 MW in Aliaga, Izmir, Turkey. Depending on the seasonal temperature changes, the study data were obtained from each gas turbine (GT), steam turbine (ST) and combined cycle blocks (CCBs) in the ambient temperature range of 8-23 degrees C. In electric energy production, an important decrease was in the GTs because of the temperature increase. This decrease indirectly affected the electric energy production of the STs. As a result, the efficiency of each GT, ST and CCB decreased, although the quantity of fuel consumed by the controllers in the plant was reduced. As a result of this data, it has been recommended and applied that additional precautions have been taken in the power plant to bring the air entering the combustion chamber to ideal conditions and necessary air cooling systems have been installed. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Item Influence of Leg Geometry on the Performance of Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric GeneratorsHasan, MK; Ustuner, MA; Korucu, H; Bhuiyan, MRA; Mamur, HThis study analyzed the significant performance using COMSOL Multiphysics software of thermoelectric modules (TEMs) fabricated from aluminium oxide (Al2O3), copper (Cu), and bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) materials, with a particular focus on investigating various leg geometries. The TEM design had Al2O3 for insulation, Cu for conducting, and Bi2Te3 for TE legs among the Cu. Investigated the influence of square and rectangular TE legs with heights of 2.0, 2.75, and 3.5 mm on critical parameters such as the normalized current density, electric potential, temperature gradient, and total internal energy within the TEM. Furthermore, the impact of varying thicknesses in the insulator and conductor layers of the TEM was explored. The results consistently demonstrated that the square leg geometry, particularly when configured with a height of 2.75 mm, outperformed other leg geometries. Consequently, it is suggested to adopt a square-shaped Bi2Te3 TEM measuring 1 mm x 1 mm x 2.75 mm with a 0.50 mmAl2O3 thickness and 0.125 mm Cu thickness during the manufacturing process. Investigate how temperature differences in TE device leg design are influenced by parameters such as the Seebeck coefficient (S), thermal conductivity (k), and electrical conductivity (sigma). At lower temperatures, modeling reveals lower electrical conductivity and enhanced thermal conductivity, highlighting the significance of S = +/- 2.37x10-4 V/K. This illustrates the high potential of TEM for applications in thermoelectric generator (TEG) manufacturing.Item Thermal investigation of a thermoelectric cooler based on Arduino and PID control approachKherkhar, A; Chiba, Y; Tlemçani, A; Mamur, HIn this study, an experimental and numerical approach is used in order to evaluate the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) control performance and efficiency. For this purpose, the refrigeration system is designed by using the semi-conductor material operating under Peltier effect, and Arduino device. The efficiency of the system is investigated through the performance coefficient and temperature span for carrier fluid between the hot and cold exchanger by using the prototype developed recently at Medea University. In addition, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is used in order to maintain temperature control and heat transfer of the system TEC in a closed-loop through the driving circuit, which is specially designed for the TEC can conveniently adjust the input current, which passes through the refrigerator so as to fully make use of quick cooling power advantages. The main obtained results including, the maximum coefficient of performance registered is 0.73 to 0.1 with a temperature span about of 51 degrees C, by inputting current of 5 A within a control temperature range 0-30 degrees C, while targeting a temperature of 5 degrees C at mom temperature for the proposed control system had a control time of 21 s, with only a discrepancy of +/- 0.1 degrees C. The experimental results confirm that during the time interval 0-20 min, the inside temperature of thermoelectric refrigerator has been decreased rate of 1.5 degrees C/min. It was shown through the different simulation results with PID controller by taking k(p) = 0.9, k(j) = 0.15, and k(d) = 0, that the cooling temperature decreases over time to 5 degrees C, which means that these systems work in time-dependent conditions. The proposed controller is able to reach an error of 0.1 degrees C with minimal overshoot under than 20 s.Item Simulation of maximum power point tracking with buck-boost convertor for thermoelectric generatorsMamur, H; ÇCoban, YIndustrial Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) with up to 10% energy conversion efficiency contribute to energy efficiency by using electrical energy to obtain heat from waste heat. The TEG internal resistance and the unequal load resistance considerably reduce the efficiency. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to eliminate or minimize the imbalance between internal resistance and load resistance. In this study, the MPPT algorithm was modeled with MATLAB/Simulink by using the buck-boost converter to ensure the matching between internal resistance and load resistance based on Perturb and Observe (P&O). First, a TEG modeling was performed based on the Seebeck constant and temperature difference. In this modeling, after determining the TEGs to be connected in series and parallel, the variable load resistance was directly connected to the output of the TEG model. The output power of the TEG is calculated for the load resistance and the temperature difference values. In this case, it was determined that TEG without MPPT was highly affected by the load changes. The efficiency value is therefore continuously oscillating. Subsequently, this temperature difference change and the variable load were applied to the TEG system buck-boost converter with P&O MPPT. The TEG system with P&O MPPT algorithm was observed to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) with an accuracy of 98.72% despite load and temperature changes. Thanks to the developed TEG system modeling of the P&O MPPT buck-boost converter, a simulation study is provided for the designers who will design the TEG system only to enter the Seebeck constant, series- parallel connected TEG numbers.