Browsing by Author "Mamur H."
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Item Use of the genetic algorithm-based fuzzy logic controller for load-frequency control in a two area interconnected power system(MDPI AG, 2017) Cam E.; Gorel G.; Mamur H.The use of renewable energy resources has created some problems for power systems. One of the most important of these is load frequency control (LFC). In this study, in order to solve the LFC problem, modern control methods were applied to a two area multi source interconnected power system. A photovoltaic solar power plant (PV-SPP) was also connected, in order to identify the harmful effects on the frequency of the system. A new Genetic-based Fuzzy Logic (GA-FL) controller was designed to control the frequency of the system. For comparison, conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fuzzy logic (FL), and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-PID controllers were also designed. The new control method exhibited a better performance than the conventional and other modern control methods, because of the low overshoot and short settling time. All simulations were realized with the Matlab-Simulink program. © 2017 by the authors.Item A new fuzzy logic proportional controller approach applied to individual pitch angle for wind turbine load mitigation(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Civelek Z.; Lüy M.; Çam E.; Mamur H.In the world, efforts to increase the resource diversity in electric generation have accelerated lately. So, the great improvements have been achieved in wind turbines (WTs). The dimensions of WTs have grown for more electric generation and their energy productions have increased. Depending on these developments, it has become more important to reduce the WT load mitigation. Thus, a tendency to pass an individual pitch angle system control rather than a collective pitch angle system control employed to stable the output power of WTs over nominal wind speeds has whetted in recent studies. However, in literature, a controller proposal relating to how to incorporate the blade moments used for providing the individual pitch angle system into the output power control system has not yet been offered. Therefore, in this study, a new fuzzy logic proportional control (FL-P-C) approach has been recommended to mitigate the moment load on blades and tower to a minimum possible value while keeping the output power of WTs at a constant value. The offered FL-P-C has also been verified by MATLAB/Simulink. Through the first application of the FL-P-C on a WT, a significant improvement of 33–83% has been managed for the blade and tower moment loads. Furthermore, the grid fluctuations have been reduced because of the stabilisation of the output power of the WT. Ultimately, by the offered FL-P-C, not only the WT load mitigations and maintenance costs of WTs could be reduced, but also electric costs could be decreased owing to increasing lifetimes of WTs. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Cost-effective chemical solution synthesis of bismuth telluride nanostructure for thermoelectric applications(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2018) Mamur H.; Dilmac O.F.; Korucu H.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.In this work, the bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanostructure for thermoelectric applications was successfully synthesised by a new cost-effective chemical solution process. Firstly, the metal solutions of bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and tellurium dioxide were mixed together at room temperature with adjusting the hydrodynamic atmosphere and introduced the sodium hydroxide. After that, different characterisation parameters, such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, and transverse electron microscopy (TEM) were obtained. Then, the average crystalline size of the Bi2Te3 nanostructure was found 23 nm. According to these obtained results, the materials consist of every specimen in nano range dimension in AFM studies. The elemental of Bi and Te were arranged with their quite stoichiometric atomic ratio observed by SEM. Ultimately, the TEM micrographs showed that the powders exhibited an aggregate phenomenon, and the primary crystalline size was about low dimension. © 2018 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.Item The effect of ambient temperature on electric power generation in natural gas combined cycle power plant—A case study(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Şen G.; Nil M.; Mamur H.; Doğan H.; Karamolla M.; Karaçor M.; Kuyucuoğlu F.; Yörükeren N.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.Natural gas combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) are widely used to meet peak loads in electric energy production. Continuous monitoring of the output electrical power of CCPPs is a requirement for power performance. In this study, the role of ambient temperature change having the greatest effect on electric production is experimentally investigated for a natural gas CCPP. The plant has generated electricity for fourteen years and setup at 240 MW in Aliağa, İzmir, Turkey. Depending on the seasonal temperature changes, the study data were obtained from each gas turbine (GT), steam turbine (ST) and combined cycle blocks (CCBs) in the ambient temperature range of 8–23 °C. In electric energy production, an important decrease was in the GTs because of the temperature increase. This decrease indirectly affected the electric energy production of the STs. As a result, the efficiency of each GT, ST and CCB decreased, although the quantity of fuel consumed by the controllers in the plant was reduced. As a result of this data, it has been recommended and applied that additional precautions have been taken in the power plant to bring the air entering the combustion chamber to ideal conditions and necessary air cooling systems have been installed. © 2018 The AuthorsItem A review on bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanostructure for thermoelectric applications(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Mamur H.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Korkmaz F.; Nil M.Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) is basically known as an efficient thermoelectric material. Nowadays, it has been attracted a great deal of interest in energy harvesting, chip cooling, chip sensing and other field of material science because of its potential applications. In order to produce Bi2Te3 nanostructure, a number of methods such as solvo and hydro thermal, refluxing, straight forward arc–melting and polyol methods have been employed. Among of them, the solvothermal method has been one of the most common methods to fabricate Bi2Te3 nanostructure in thermoelectric applications. But the development of device–quality material has been a challenging task for the researchers, yet. For this reason, this paper provides a review of current research activities on Bi2Te3 nanostructure growth by several methods and its characterization through theoretical and analytical aspects. Moreover, the paper handles a systematic and intensive research work to develop and understand the materials in nanostructure forms. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Detailed modeling of a thermoelectric generator for maximum power point tracking(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2020) Mamur H.; Çoban Y.Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are used in small power applications to generate electrical energy from waste heats. Maximum power is obtained when the connected load to the ends of TEGs matches their internal resistance. However, impedance matching cannot always be ensured. Therefore, TEGs operate at lower efficiency. For this reason, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are utilized. In this study, both TEGs and a boost converter with MPPT were modeled together. Detailed modeling, simulation, and verification of TEGs depending on the Seebeck coefficient, the hot/cold side temperatures, and the number of modules in MATLAB/Simulink were carried out. In addition, a boost converter having a perturb and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm was added to the TEG modeling. After the TEG output equations were determined, the TEG modeling was performed based on manufacturer data sheets. Thanks to the TEG model and the boost converter with P&O MPPT, the maximum power was tracked with a value of 98.64% and the power derived from the TEG was nearly unaffected by the load changes. The power outputs obtained from the system with and without MPPT were compared to emphasize the importance of MPPT. These simulation values were verified by using an experimental setup. Ultimately, the proposed modeling provides a system of TEGs and a boost converter having P&O MPPT. © TÜBİTAK.Item Design and fabrication of an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous generator with fractional winding for micro-wind turbines(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020) Mamur H.; Şahin C.; Karaçor M.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) have been widely used in micro-wind turbines (MWTs) for direct-drive applications. The generating maximum power from the PMSGs used in the MWTs is desired. However, cogging torque (CT) and design form of the PMSGs prevent this. Therefore, various methods are applied to reduce the CT of PMSGs in the literature. Some of them are inapplicable and some are the ones that cause power loss. In this study, to overcome the expressed causes, a new design, fabrication, and application of an outer rotor PMSG with fractional winding having a slot-pole combination technique for MWTs have been suggested, designed, and implemented on an MWT. As a result of the new design combination of ±1 or ±2 between the numbers of stator slot (NS) and the number of pole-pairs (2p), the ratio of the CT value to the nominal torque value in the new prototyped outer rotor PMSG was found as 6.25%. Finally, the operating power can generate 1029 W through the prototype PMSG with fractional winding having a slot-pole combination technique integrated into the direct-drive MWT system. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020Item Characterization of bi2te3 nanostructure by using a cost effective chemical solution route(Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries, 2020) Mamur H.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.An efficient and cost effective approach in the synthesis process of the bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) powders and pellets were developed based on a chemical solution route. The route consists of dissolving of both the bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3.5H2O and tellurium dioxide, TeO2 into the same inorganic nitric acid, HNO3 with the two–step precipitation of sodium hydroxide, NaOH and sodium borohydride, NaBH4. The different characterization parameters such as X–Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X–ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), UltraViolet (UV) absorbance and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectrometry were carried out. As a result of these, the developed powders possessed a rhombo-hedral crystal structure exhibiting a nanocrystalline form with crystalline size about 10 nm. The elemental of Bi and Te were developed with their stoichiometric atomic ratio of (30.15):(48.19). Furthermore, the TEM micrographs showed an aggregate phenomenon and the primary crystalline size being quite low. Additionally, the produced Bi2Te3 pellets indicated a smooth surface with an average roughness value of 58 nm according to the AFM image. Absorption has occurred at about a range within 1 (arbitrary unit). Ultimately, the FTIR demonstrated that the C–H, O–H, C–O and C–S bonds were similar to the Bi2Te3 nanostructure materials. © 2020, Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries. All rights reserved.Item Synthesis and characterisation of CdSe QDs by using a chemical solution route(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020) Akter M.; Islam Khan M.N.; Mamur H.; Amin Bhuiyan M.R.An efficient synthesis process approach based on a chemical solution route is developed for the cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) that utilise photonic and optoelectronic device manufacturing. The developed route consists of dissolving the cadmium chloride (CdCl2.H2O), 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium selenide anhydrous (Na2SeO3). The different characterisation parameters such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed in order to develop the CdSe QDs. When the sample was analysed from the UV–visible studies, the bandgap was about 2.16 eV, whereas the bulk CdSe bandgap was about 1.78 eV. The developed CdSe QDs possessed a cubic crystal structure with crystalline dimensions of about 4.86 nm. Its surface morphology and structure showed the smooth appearance of the surface. The result indicated agglomerated spheres. Ultimately, according to XRD and TEM results, the crystalline dimension was determined in good agreements. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020Item A brief review on the synthesis of zno nanoparticles for biomedical applications(Iran University of Science and Technology, 2021) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.The semiconducting Zinc Oxide (ZnO), particles have excellent biocompatibility, good chemical stability, selectivity, sensitivity, non-toxicity, and fast electron transfer characteristics. Thus, these nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention due to their potential performance in human body. The nanoparticles have become more promising in biomedical applications through the development of anticancer agents to recover different types of malignant cells in the human body. The ZnO nanoparticles can be the future materials for biomedical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the cost-effective approaches to synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the ideas developed, may be scaled-up for biomedical applications. © 2021, Iran University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved.Item Life performance prediction of natural gas combined cycle power plant with intelligent algorithms(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Karaçor M.; Uysal A.; Mamur H.; Şen G.; Nil M.; Bilgin M.Z.; Doğan H.; Şahin C.The efficient use of a system is enabled with the life performance estimations. Thus, the effective use of underground resources is realized especially natural gas. Based on this, life performance models were generated to aim of improving the efficient use of energy for a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) of 243 MW installed in Izmir, Turkey by using fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) in this study. Therefore, output power estimations were carried out. Depending on the developed models, an estimation of the energy that the CCPP can produce and provide to the interconnected system in the following years has been made. According to the obtained results, the error prediction rates of FL and ANN models were determined. It was found that while the energy relative error estimation value that can be produced between the years calculated in modeling using FL varies between 0.59% and 3.54%, this value was found to vary between 0.001% and 0.84% in modeling using ANN. This result shows that the ANN model is more suitable for the life performance estimations of such a non-linear system. © 2021 Elsevier LtdItem A brief review on renewable and sustainable energy resources in Bangladesh(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.; Begum J.The power sector in Bangladesh is dependent on fossil fuels like natural gas, furnace oil, diesel, and coal. In the fiscal year 2019-20, electricity generated in Bangladesh from natural gas about 71.82%, from furnace oil about 13.25%, from diesel about 0.20%, from coal about 4.16%, from renewable energy sources about 1.23%. Imported from the nearest country by having been connected to a grid line was about 9.34% of electricity within this year. A new record for the Bangladesh the power plants produced 12,893-MW (MW) electricity on 29 May 2019, the record-breaking generation took place against the forecasted demand of 14,796 MW. Generally, in the summer season, produced electricity cannot fulfill the country's demand as a barrier for industrial production and socio-economic infrastructure development. Overcome these problems the renewable energy sources can be more helpful for the electricity generation in Bangladesh. The government encourages people in rural areas to using renewable energy-based electricity like solar energy. Within the year 2021, they are planning to generate 10% of electricity from renewable energy sources. However, they have no success to generate a significant amount of total electricity from renewable energy sources in 2020. Herein, this review represents the present status, prospects, and update information about the renewable and sustainable energy source in Bangladesh. The review also discussed to provide the guideline for the government would successfully end their plan. © 2021 The AuthorsItem Thermoelectric generators act as renewable energy sources(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Mamur H.; Dilmaç Ö.F.; Begum J.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.The thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a solid-state energy converting device that converts heat directly into electrical energy. TEGs are silent, scalable, and reliable, as they have no moving parts. The consciousness of surroundings pollution correlated with global warming has resulted in an upsurge of technological research to develop eco-friendly energy resources. TEG employs waste heat to generate power and thus can be the termed eco-friendly energy source. In the economic aspect, waste heat is a free source for generating electrical energy. It can handle the heat generated by the human body, computer chips, automobile engines, and industrial utilities. TEG used as a renewable energy source has been presented in this review article. It would help in the development of establishing a low-power solution and high-performance system. The present status, prospect, and update information about the TEG used as a renewable energy source has been discussed in detail. This review article also provides a recommendation, which system would be suitable for electrical energy generation by TEG through renewable energy resources. © 2021 Islamic UniversityItem Numerical analysis for performance enhancement of thermoelectric generator modules by using CNT–water and hybrid Ag/MgO–water nanofluids(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Selimefendigil F.; Okulu D.; Mamur H.The aim of this study is to investigate the performance enhancement of thermoelectric generator module with different nanofluids. CNT–water nanofluid and Ag/MgO–water hybrid nanofluids are used in a 3D channel where thermoelectric generator modules are mounted. 3D coupled multi-physics simulations are performed by using Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. It was observed that the power output of the module enhances with the inclusion of nanoparticles. Configuration with hybrid nanofluid produces the highest output power. At Reynolds number of 500, increasing the solid volume faction from 0.005 to 0.2, the output power of the thermoelectric generator rises by about 5.84% and 9.30% for CNT–water and hybrid nanofluid. However, at Reynolds number of 1500, using CNT–water nanofluid becomes effective and the amount of increment will be 6.6%. The efficiencies of the module rise with Reynolds number and solid particle volume fraction, while the values are low. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.Item A review on performance evaluation of bi2te3-based and some other thermoelectric nanostructured materials(Bentham Science Publishers, 2021) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.; Dilmaç Ö.F.Background: Future sustainable energy industrialization is a green energy source that has a lower circumstantial impact than traditional energy technologies. The advancement of new energy generation is important to expand the share of renewable energy sources. Objective: Worldwide, for the next generation, future energy demand may be fulfilled by using one of the renewable energy sources such as thermo electricity. Methods: The bismuth telluride–based (Bi2Te3-based) nanostructure material in thermo electricity still has a major part of applications. It is known as the most prospective TE device manufactured from a research arena towards successful commercialization. Results: The Bi2Te3-based nanostructure material is now on commercialization stages that it has some limitations. In order to find out the future direction of research and development of this mate-rial, the material will face a challenging way. Conclusion: The review paper provides an effective approach to overcome the limitation of Bi2Te3-based nanostructure. Moreover, in this review paper, the performance evaluation with existing Bi2Te3-based nanostructure and some other TE materials will be discussed in detail. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.Item Opportunities for thermoelectric generators in supporting a low carbon economy(ICE Publishing, 2022) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.; Dilmaç Ö.F.; Üstüner M.A.Environmental pollution, global warming and increasing energy demands are urgent challenges facing society. Governments all over the world have set a national policy target for the transition to a zero or low carbon dioxide economy. As a result, scientists and engineers in industry and academia are working to develop cleaner, alternative and sustainable energy production technologies. One technology that has potential in this green technology transition is thermoelectric generators (TEGs), traditionally used off-grid and isolated from things such as stand-alone solar-thermal cells for military and aerospace applications such as missile-testing systems and space telescope cameras. However, future applications based on home entertainment, security systems and smart metering applications are imminent. Key limitations to this are low efficiency, high costs and self-heating with low thermal conductivity. Hence, this study aims to examine the current state of the art of TEGs and identify future research directions to achieve support for the green technology transition. The key findings of this study show that present successes will fulfill the future advancement of thermoelectric technology by supporting a low carbon dioxide economy. © 2022 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved.Item Future perspective and current situation of maximum power point tracking methods in thermoelectric generators(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Mamur H.; Üstüner M.A.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.One of the green technologies that can be used to increase energy efficiency by recovering a part of waste heat as electrical energy is thermoelectric generators (TEG) by using the Seebeck phenomenon. Conventional and modern maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods used to deliver maximum power from energy sources. Conventional MPPT algorithms have disabilities such as a delay in reaching the maximum power point (MPP), certain oscillations around the MPP, being stuck at local MPP (LMPP), and not being able to find global MPP (GMPP). In order to overcome the drawbacks of conventional MPPT methods, methods using metaheuristic MPPT algorithms have come to the fore in recent years. However, the issue of determining the appropriate method among the increasing number and complexity of MPPT methods causes confusion. The aim of this study is to review more than sixty-two MPPT methods that have been used in TEGs in the last six years and have the potential to be adapted for TEGs and provide a reference for researchers. Eventually, this review will be a resource that introduces the next generation MPPT methods, presents MPPT methods with the potential to be adapted to TEGs, and will be a good reference for future studies. © 2021 Elsevier LtdItem Current and Future Trend Opportunities of Thermoelectric Generator Applications in Waste Heat Recovery(Gazi Universitesi, 2022) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.; Ustuner M.A.; Dilmac O.F.Today, with the increase of industrialization, the waste heat emitted by the industrial machines used has started to increase. Therefore, the energy efficiency of these devices also decreases. In addition, this waste heat remains a bad factor that plays a role in the world's climate change. Governments are implementing incentive policies to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, both scientists and engineers strive for a cleaner environment and energy. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are one of the devices that contribute to energy efficiency and sustainable energy production by ensuring the recovery of a certain part of the waste heat emitted by these machines to the environment. The TEGs have found traditional uses from the waste heat of microprocessors to the waste heat of stoves. However, their proliferation is limited by their efficiency less than 10% and their high purchasing costs. Academicians and engineers continue to work without slowing down to overcome these. The semiconductors with low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity are the main subjects studied in this field. With overcoming these difficulties, it is aimed to use thermoelectric generators in the future to convert the waste heat of almost all devices into electrical energy. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the current innovations of TEGs and to determine the future trend. Among the main findings of this study, it is predicted that TEGs will be widely used in areas where there is a need for silent and maintenance-free energy in the future. © 2022, Gazi Universitesi. All rights reserved.Item Thermal investigation of a thermoelectric cooler based on Arduino and PID control approach(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Kherkhar A.; Chiba Y.; Tlemçani A.; Mamur H.In this study, an experimental and numerical approach is used in order to evaluate the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) control performance and efficiency. For this purpose, the refrigeration system is designed by using the semi-conductor material operating under Peltier effect, and Arduino device. The efficiency of the system is investigated through the performance coefficient and temperature span for carrier fluid between the hot and cold exchanger by using the prototype developed recently at Medea University. In addition, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is used in order to maintain temperature control and heat transfer of the system TEC in a closed-loop through the driving circuit, which is specially designed for the TEC can conveniently adjust the input current, which passes through the refrigerator so as to fully make use of quick cooling power advantages. The main obtained results including, the maximum coefficient of performance registered is 0.73 to 0.1 with a temperature span about of 51 °C, by inputting current of 5 A within a control temperature range 0-30 °C, while targeting a temperature of 5 °C at room temperature for the proposed control system had a control time of 21 s, with only a discrepancy of ±0.1 °C. The experimental results confirm that during the time interval 0-20 min, the inside temperature of thermoelectric refrigerator has been decreased rate of 1.5 °C/min. It was shown through the different simulation results with PID controller by taking kp = 0.9, ki = 0.15, and kd = 0, that the cooling temperature decreases over time to 5 °C, which means that these systems work in time-dependent conditions. The proposed controller is able to reach an error of 0.1 °C with minimal overshoot under than 20 s. © 2022 The Authors.Item Modeling and validation of the thermoelectric generator with considering the change of the Seebeck effect and internal resistance(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Üstüner M.A.; Mamur H.; Taşkin S.Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) produce power in direct proportion to the temperature difference between their surfaces. The Seebeck coefficient and internal resistance of the thermoelements (TEs) that make up the TEGs change depending on the temperature change. In simulation studies, it is seen that these two values are kept constant. However, this situation prevents approaching the data of TEG in real applications. In this study, a TEG Simulink/MATLAB ® model has been developed to capture real TEG module data, which considers changing of both the Seebeck coefficient and the internal resistance depending on the temperature difference change. To achieve this aim, a commercially available TEG data used in also academic studies has been used. A boost converter with a perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm has been designed to maximize the TEG power. The TEG Simulink/MATLAB ® model data are compared with commercially available TEG data at different temperatures. The error between the actual values and the simulation results, and the mean absolute percent errors (MAPEs) are calculated. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current error rates of the designed TEG module are 0.125% and 0.256%, respectively. The MAPE values of the designed model are 0.5104%, 0.7837%, and 2.0952% for 30 ◦C, 50 ◦C, and 80 ◦C cold surface temperatures, respectively. In addition, simulations are made in order to see the effect of temperature-dependent parameters in a TEG system built using the designed model. While the simulations made with the designed model give realistic results, with the simulations made with constant coefficients, up to 2.63% more power is obtained than the capacity of the system, contrary to reality. Simulation and validated results show that this new TEG Simulink/MATLAB ® model gives more realistic results. © TÜBİTAK.