Browsing by Author "Nalcakan, GR"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Comparison of sprint interval and continuous endurance training on oxidative stress and antioxidant adaptations in young healthy adults
    Nalcakan, GR; Onur, E; Oran, A; Varol, SR
    Background: Different intensities of exercise induce varying levels of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress. However, regular physical training enhances the antioxidant system and protects tissues by oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the difference in markers between time-efficient low-volume high-intensity interval (sprint interval training: SIT) and traditional high-volume low-intensity methods (continuous endurance training: CET) regarding oxidative stress and antioxidant levels. Material and methods: Fifteen male volunteers were divided into two groups according to their VO(2)max levels. The SIT program consisted of 4-6 Wingate all-out sprints with a 4.5 min recovery, while CET consisted of 30-50 min cycling at 60% VO(2)max for seven weeks. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were examined in pre and post-intervention. Results: Increases in GSH-Px (30% vs. 55%), TOS (33% vs. 18%) and a significant decrease in MDA (8.6%, p<0.003; 6.8%, p<0.016) in CET and SIT were observed, respectively. By contrast, TAS decreased (62%) after CET and increased (17%) after SIT. No significant differences in these parameters were reported after the training period between SIT and CET groups. Conclusions: SIT was suggested as a safe exercise model to improve general health and the performance of traditional CET.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effects of eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related markers
    Dogru, Y; Varol, SR; Nalcakan, GR; Akyuz, M; Tas, M; Ulman, C
    Short Communications: Apelin, pentraxin3 (PTX3), and interleukin6 (IL6) parameters are known as inflammation markers and found to be related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) on ER stress-related markers in young athletes. Objectives and Methods: ER stress and DOMS-related blood markers, maximal strength level, and rate of perceived exertion using the visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed before, immediately after, 24, 48, and 72 h after the muscle damage protocol. Results: IL6 peaked 24 h after while creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme levels reached their peaks at 72 h after the protocol. The level of apelin continued to increase throughout the four measurements, and PTX3 peaked at 24 h, and then declined to the levels before the protocol but the differences were not significant. The significant decrease in the strength and the significant increase in VAS continued 48 h after the protocol. Conclusion: ER is activated and ER stress occurred, due to increases in IL6, PTX3 and apelin levels after the test protocol concluded that a single vigorous eccentric exercise should be avoided in harmful effect on health as parallel with Physical Activity Guidelines.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The effects of various strength training intensities on blood cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men
    Akyüz, M; Dogru, Y; Nalcakan, GR; Ulman, C; Tas, M; Varol, R
    Objectives Regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health. The aim of this research is to look at the impact of two separate resistance training programs on blood biomarkers that are associated with the early detection of cardiac risk. Methods Forty-five male participants (mean 41 years) were randomly divided into three groups: The low-intensity resistance exercise group (LIEG), the moderate-intensity resistance exercise group (MIEG), and the control group (CG). The programs were implemented three times a week and in two sets. MIEG consisted of 8-10 repeats at 70-80% density of one repetition maximum load (1RM), while LIEG consisted of 15-17 repeats at 50-60% density of 1RM. CG did not participate in any exercise program. Two-factor mixed-design ANOVA assessed the data. Results Before, fourth week, and after the exercise program in repeated measurements, there was a significant decrease in body mass (-1.7%), body mass index (-1.7%), apelin (-44%), and pentraxin 3 (-39%) levels in MIEG (p < 0.05). Additionally, our study noted a decrease in pentraxin 3 (-25%, p < 0.05) and interleukin 6 (-21%) levels, while there was an increase in creatine kinase (18%), and lactate dehydrogenase (7.4%) levels in LIEG. Strength levels improved significantly in exercise groups. Conclusions Eight weeks of moderate-resistance training can potentially reduce the cardiovascular risk in healthy men.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of different diet methods on body composition and insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels in overweight women
    Sarica, B; Nalcakan, GR; Onur, E
    Introduction. This study aims to compare the effects of similar calorie-restricted intermittent overnight fasting diet (OFD) and frequent-meal diet (FMD) on body composition and insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels in overweight women. Materials and Methods: While the FMD was administered as six mealtimes, the OFD was administered as five mealtimes and at least 12 hours overnight fasting for four weeks. Some parameters regarding the metabolic rate and fat metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, ghrelin levels), body composition, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity level were measured before and after the diet. Results: There was no significant difference in the resting metabolic rate (kcal) and fat-carbohydrate oxidation (g/min), while diet programs showed a similar significant improvement in body composition in both groups (p < 0.05). The glucose and insulin levels in OFD and the insulin level and the insulin resistance index in FMD significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the leptin (-37%) and ghrelin (5.8%) levels in FMD, but only a significant decrease in the leptin level (-49%) was observed in OFD. Conclusions: After a 4-week same calorie-restricted FMD with six meals and OFD with a 12 hour-overnight fasting, similar improvements in the body composition and the insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels have been achieved.