Browsing by Author "O'Connell P.E."

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    Environmentally-sensitive water-resources planning: II. A case study
    (2005) Yurdusev M.A.; O'Connell P.E.
    The ENRES environmentally-sensitive water resources planning model is demonstrated in a case study covering the whole of England and Wales, thereby repeating the national planning exercise completed in 1994. Prior to running the model, all the components involved are environmentally assessed using Environment Agency personnel from different regions, by filling in a questionnaire for each scheme. Several model runs were undertaken in an attempt to find the best solution for the region. It was concluded that some £M 28.0 (in 1991 prices) of additional investment would be required if the plan based on environmental concerns were to be adopted. This premium can be regarded as the quantification of environmental impacts of the schemes proposed. The results of this exercise indicated that the model is capable of selecting more environmentally-friendly options based on surrogate environmental costs as well as incorporating environmental concerns in water resources planning even on a national scale. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005.
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    Environmentally-sensitive water resources planning
    (2005) Yurdusev M.A.; O'Connell P.E.
    In this paper, the traditional problem of matching supplies to competing demands, referred to as water resources planning (WRP), is re-visited. With the pressure of continuing growth in the world's population, efficient development and management of available water resources are of greater importance than ever before. It is equally important in today's world that the environmental implications of any activity should be minimised. The aim of this research is to develop a methodology for including environmental considerations in the WRP process. This is achieved by weighting the costs of the various water resource options (both constructional and operating) to reflect their environmental impacts, prior to their inclusion in an economic planning model. The effect of such a weighting procedure is to encourage the selection of environmentally-friendly schemes at the expense of environmentally-damaging ones. The objective function of the combined methodology is to minimise the total environmentally-adjusted costs, discounted to a base year. A comprehensive planning tool named ENRES has been developed to carry out this task. The model allows the environmental impact assessment of all development options, either source components or transfer structures, to be undertaken prior to running the allocation procedure which is carried out by means of an optimisation technique. With the help of all the facilities provided, the model can be used in a planning exercise both with and without environmental considerations. In this way, it is possible to quantify the cost of environmental impacts in the planning process. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005.