Browsing by Author "Oguz F."
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Item GC-MS Analysis and Apoptotic Effect of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Leaf and Flower Extracts against Breast Cancer Cells(Sakarya University, 2022) Oguz F.; Çamli Pulat Ç.; İlhan S.; Atmaca H.In recent years, herbal medicines have become a significant novel source of treatment for various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Various investigations have declared that Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (PSC) shows antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties, but its effect on cancer cells is unknown. This study purposed to evaluate the possible anti-cancer effects of the ethanolic extract of the PSC in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The leaf and flower extracts of PSC were prepared in ethanol and volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS analysis. The possible cytotoxic effects of extracts were evaluated via MTT assay. Apoptotic effect was examined using the PI Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. Significant cytotoxic effects were detected after 72 h treatment of ethanolic leaf and flower extracts in MCF-7 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Both leaf and flower extracts of PSC induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. On phytochemical screening, it was shown that the leaf extract of PSC contains pyrrolidine, 2-decenal, 2-undecanal, phytol, oleic acid, oleamide, squalane, vitamin E, and gamma-sitosterol and the flower extract contains pyrrolidine, 2-decenal, 2-undecenal, oleic acid, lupeol, and gamma-sitosterol. These data report that PSC leaf and flower extracts have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, this study can be considered an in vitro background for further in vivo cancer experiments. © 2022, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.Item Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment: A Review of Marine-derived Polysaccharides(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022) Atmaca H.; Oguz F.; Ilhan S.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the spread of cells to other tissues and remains one of the worldwide problems waiting to be solved. There are various treatment strategies for cancer, such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, although it varies according to its type and stage. Many chemotherapeutic agents have limited clinical use due to lack of efficacy, off-target toxicity, metabolic instability, or poor pharmacokinetics. One possible solution to this high rate of clinical failure is to design drug delivery systems that deliver drugs in a controlled and specific manner and are not toxic to normal cells. Marine systems contain biodiversity, including components and materials that can be used in biomedical applications and therapy. Biomaterials such as chitin, chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, hyaluronan, agarose, and ulvan obtained from marine organisms have found use in DDSs today. These polysaccharides are biocompatible, non-toxic, biodegradable, and cost-effective, making them ideal raw materials for increasingly complex DDSs with a potentially regulated release. In this review, the contributions of polysaccharides from the marine environment to the development of anticancer drugs in DDSs will be discussed. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.Item Design and synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as apoptosis-inducing agents by targeting Bcl-2 protein(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Ilhan S.; Çamli Pulat Ç.; Oguz F.; Bektaş H.; Menteşe E.; Atmaca H.Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is a well-known and appealing cancer therapy target. Novel series of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and tested for their activity as Bcl-2 inhibitors on T98G glioblastoma, PC3 prostate, MCF-7 breast, and H69AR lung cancer cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect. PI Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit was used to detect apoptosis. Expression levels of the Bcl-2 protein were examined by the Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. All synthesized benzimidazole derivatives exhibited a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 25.2–88.2 µg/mL. Among all derivatives, compounds C1 and D1 demonstrated a higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells with IC50 values < 50 µg/mL, while a lower cytotoxic effect against human embryonic kidney cells with IC50 values of > 100 µg/mL. C1 and D1 caused a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in all types of cancer cell cells and both Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced. These results suggest that the novel benzimidazole derivatives may be candidates for apoptosis-inducing agents in cancer treatment by targeting anti-Bcl-2 proteins in cancer cells. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Chitosan in cancer therapy: a dual role as a therapeutic agent and drug delivery system(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024) Atmaca H.; Oguz F.; Ilhan S.Although chemotherapy is still the most preferred treatment for cancer, most chemotherapeutic agents target both cancer cells and healthy cells and cause serious side effects due to high toxicity. Improved drug delivery systems (DDSs), which enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic drugs while reducing their toxicity, offer potential solutions to these challenges. Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives are biopolymers with biodegradable, biocompatible, and low-toxicity properties, and their structure allows for convenient chemical and mechanical modifications. In its role as a therapeutic agent, CS can impede the proliferation of tumor cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as by triggering apoptosis. CS and its derivatives are also frequently preferred as DDSs due to their properties such as high drug-carrying capacity, polycationic structure, long-term circulation, and direct targeting of cancer cells. Various therapeutic agents linked to CS and its derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer effects with advantages such as reduced side effects compared to the original drugs, owing to factors like targeted distribution within cancer tissues and sustained release. This review emphasizes the utilization of CS and its derivatives, both as therapeutic agents and as carriers for established chemotherapeutic drugs. © 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.Item A New Approach to Melanoma Treatment: microRNAs(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Ilhan S.; Oguz F.; Atmaca H.Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have radically changed melanoma treatment, the development of resistance and reduction of patient responses are still significant problems. Small molecule inhibitors are needed to overcome this situation, and biomarkers that can estimate whether patients will reply to existing treatments need to be developed. miRNAs are involved in diverse processes such as tumor development, tumor progression, metastasis, and invasion. While some miRNAs act as tumor suppressors, others may be oncogenic. miRNAs also contribute to the processes involved in drug resistance. There is increasing evidence demonstrating the possible effect of miRNAs on the diagnosis and treatment markers of melanoma. The manuscript focuses on the current challenges in melanoma treatment, highlighting issues such as the development of resistance and reduced patient responses despite the revolutionary advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. It underscores the need for small molecule inhibitors and the creation of biomarkers for predicting patient responses to current treatments. The role of miRNAs in processes such as tumor development, metastasis, and invasion has been highlighted. While certain miRNAs function as tumor suppressors, others may exhibit oncogenic properties. Furthermore, increasing evidence is presented demonstrating the potential significance of miRNAs as markers for the symptom and identification of melanoma. These findings indicate a promising avenue for future research and clinical applications. In summary, the article effectively communicates key insights, making it a valuable resource for those interested in melanoma research and treatment. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.Item Thymoquinone and cancer: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ilhan S.; Oguz F.; Atmaca H.Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound found in Nigella sativa seeds, commonly known as black cumin. Recently, studies investigating the anticancer potential of TQ have been increasing. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations have demonstrated that TQ exhibits antitumor effects across various cancer types, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and leukemia. TQ exerts its anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. It has been found to stimulate apoptosis via different pathways, such as activation of caspases and prevention of antiapoptotic proteins. In addition to inducing apoptosis, TQ has also been found to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, which may help to prevent cancer development and progression. TQ has been indicated to hinder the production of inflammatory cytokines, as well as to scavenge free radicals that can damage DNA and lead to cancerous mutations. Furthermore, TQ has been identified as having the ability to make cancer cells more responsive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, potentially enhancing the effect of these treatments. While more investigation is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying TQ's anticancer effects, these outcomes reveal that TQ may be an encouraging natural compound for cancer treatment and prevention. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.