Browsing by Author "Onal, T"

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    Does Pten have an impact on oogenesis of PCOS mouse models?
    Onal, T; Tulay, P; Vatansever, HS
    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder in which the aetiology is still not explained very well. The PI3K/PTEN (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) pathway is an important pathway that is involved in many mechanisms, including proliferation, growth and motility. PTEN plays a role in granulosa cell proliferation and regulates the differentiation process. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of Pten and Pik3ca in PCOS mouse models with and without any treatment procedures. Three groups of mouse models, PCOS, a PCOS group with clomiphene citrate treatment, and a PCOS group with the combination of clomiphene citrate, metformin and pioglitazone treatment, were established. Ovarian tissues, which were obtained from these groups and a control group with no PCOS, were embedded in paraffin and RNA was extracted. cDNA was synthesized and real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression levels of Pten and Pik3ca. The results of this study showed that both Pten and Pik3ca genes were expressed in the ovarian tissues from the mouse models. Although one-way analysis of variance results showed that Pten was expressed significantly differently in the samples, individual Student's t-tests did not show any significantly different expression levels in each group. This study is important as it shows the expression patterns of two genes in PCOS mouse models with different treatment strategies, including clomiphene citrate, metformin and pioglitazone. The results of this study formed the basis of research studies and investigations into different genes within the PTEN pathway, as well as other pathways that are under investigation.
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    The effects of hypoxia on cancer stem cells in mouse neuroblastoma cell line
    Uluer, ET; Onal, T; Tuglu, MI; Ozbilgin, K; Vatansever, HS
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    Molecular regulation of polycystic ovary syndrome: altered gene expression levels in mouse models pretreatment and post-treatment
    Tulay, P; Onal, T; Vatansever, S
    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder and genetic factors are believed to play a role. The main aim was to investigate expression levels of genes involved in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway pretreatment and post-treatment. Mouse models of PCOS were generated. Group one included control mice with no polycystic ovaries (n = 4), Group 2 included a PCOS mouse model (n = 8), Group 3 included PCOS mice treated with clomiphene citrate (n = 7) and Group 4 included PCOS mice treated with clomiphene citrate, metformin and pioglitazone (n = 8). Histochemical analyses were performed. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Irs, Akt1 and Akt2, mTor and Pdpk1 gene expression levels were evaluated by RT-PCR amplification. In Group 1, cortex and medulla were evaluated as normal; in Group 2, ovarian cortex was composed of immature oocytes and cystic follicles with atretic follicles. In Groups 3 and 4, follicles were in the process of normal follicle differentiation. The expression levels of Akt1 and Pi3k were significantly different (P < 0.0001) between Groups 1 and 2. The significant differences in expression levels of Pi3k and Akt1 were also observed between the Group 1 and both Groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, significant variations of the expression levels of mTor between Groups 1 and 4 were observed. The extrapolation of results of this study may imply that follicular development may be regulated by molecular pathways involving Pi3k, Akt1 and mTor expression. Therefore, genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway may have a direct regulatory role in the development of PCOS.
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    THE IMPORTANCE OF PACAP RECEPTORS IN THE RAPAMYCIN-TREATED LUNG CANCER CELL LINE
    Onal, T; Temel, M; Ozgul, M; Uluer, ET; Man, S; Ozbilgin, K
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    THE EFFECTS OF RAPAMYCINE ON LUNG CANCER CELL LINE THROUGH FOXO AND PTEN
    Man, S; Ozgul, M; Uluer, ET; Onal, T; Ozbilgin, K
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    Histologic and physiologic analysis of the relationship between the dorsal nerve of the penis and the corpus cavernosum on a rat model. A complementary pathway on the innervation of penile erection?
    Kozacioglu, Z; Vatansever, HS; Onal, T; Kutlu, N; Ozel, F; Gunlusoy, B; Gumus, BH
    Aim The dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve which is responsible for the somatic innervation of the penis. This study aims to outline any direct role of the DNP in the hemodynamics of erection histologically and physiologically. Materials and Methods Fifteen Wistar albino rats were sorted into the electrical activity (n = 6), intracavernous pressure (n = 4), and control (n = 5) groups. The dorsal nerve was electrostimulated and the simultaneous changes in intracavernous pressure and smooth muscle activity were recorded. Penile tissues were collected, fixed, and sectioned, the slides were stained with either hematoxylin-eosin for morphological evaluation or using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique to analyze the distributions of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS. Results During electrostimulation, there was a simultaneous statistically significant decrease in the electrical activity inside the corpora in electromyography and an increase in intracavernous pressure. eNOS and iNOS immunoreactivities were higher in the study group than in the control group. nNOS immunoreactivity was moderate in both study and control groups. Conclusion Some fibers in the dorsal nerve of penis continue into the corpora cavernosa through the tunica albuginea and have an active, direct role in the hemodynamic process of erection, which may be complementary to the main route of innervation.
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    Injectable hyaluronic acid: a method for accelerating alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement
    Mourad, D; Goymen, M; Uzuner, FD; Onal, T; Tuglu, MI
    Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) on alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).Materials and methods The study involved 60 Wistar-Albino rats, divided into two main groups and further divided based on time periods (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) therefore containing 6 rats in each subgroup. Orthodontic mesialisation of the maxillary first molars was bilaterally achieved using nickel-titanium closed coil springs. In Group I, the right side was injected with HMWHA, while in Group II, the right side was injected with LMWHA. The left side of all rats was injected with normal saline. OTM was measured using 3-dimensional digital models. Alveolar bone volume in the interradicular areas of the first molars was evaluated through histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).Results Histologically, on days 14 and 21, the number of osteoclasts on the experimental sides was higher than on the control sides in both groups. On day 21, the amount of OTM in the HMWHA-injected group was 1.4 times greater than in the control group. Both types of hyaluronic acid increased the RANKL/OPG ratio.Conclusion The injection of HA may accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by decreasing alveolar bone density and enhancing bone cell proliferation.
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    Influence of omega-3 fatty acid on orthodontic tooth movement in rats: A biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression study
    Ogrenim, G; Cesur, MG; Onal, T; Kara, M; Sirin, FB; Yalcin, GD; Inan, S
    Structured Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on orthodontic tooth movement. Setting and Sample Population For this study, 56 12-week-old adult male Wistar albino rats from the Animal Laboratory at Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, were used. Material and Methods Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8 each): control group (without any treatment), tooth movement groups (three groups of animals with only tooth movement) and omega groups (three groups of animals with tooth movement and omega-3 administration). Omega-3 fatty acids were administered to the rats systemically during the tooth movement period. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the orthodontic tooth movement, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical andgene expression examinations were performed. Results On the 14th experimental day, the amount of tooth movement in the omega groups was significantly lower than the tooth movement groups (P = 0.012). Biochemical experimentsshowed that the omega groups had significantly lower total oxidant levels and higher total antioxidant levels compared to the tooth movement group on the 14th experimental day (P = 0.001). The levels of RANKL, IL-6 and IL-1 beta in the omega groups were significantly lower than the tooth movement groups on all experimental days (P < 0.05). Conclusion Systemic administration of omega-3 fatty acids showed antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and decelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.
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    Effects of Cyclooxygenase on the Urothelium of the Urinary Bladder of Mice Exposed to Pelvic Radiation
    Ozbilgin, MK; Onal, T; Ozcan, C; Temel, E; Aktas, C; Gareveran, MS; Uluer, ET; Limn, S; Kurtman, C
    Objective: To determine the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in the urothelium of the urinary bladder during radiation injury caused by pelvic radiotherapy for cancer therapy. Study Design: Twenty-four male Swiss Albino mice were separated into 4 groups. The first group was the control group (Group 1) and the second, third, and fourth groups were euthanized after 24 hours (Group 2), 48 hours (Group 3), and 7 days (Group 4), respectively. A single-fractioned 10 Gy of ionizing radiation was applied to all mices pelvic zone with Co-60. Bladders were removed completely from the pelvic region. Histochemical analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical analysis using anti-COX-1 and COX-2 antibodies were performed on tissue samples. The immunoreactivities of the urinary bladder were quantified using H-score measurement, and statistical comparison was performed. Results: In the immunohistochemical examination the COX-1 immunoreactivities were found to be higher in the urothelium of the bladder in the radiation exposed groups than in the normal control group (group 1) (p<0.005). Additionally, high immunoreactivity of COX-2 molecule was established in groups 2, 3, and 4 of radiation groups as compared to group 1 (p<0.005) in examination of the urothelium. COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivities in the submucosa were detected higher in group 4 than in the other groups (p<0.005). Conclusion: COX-1 and COX-2 expressions in the urothelium and subepithelium of the urinary bladder were investigated in mice during the acute radiation response. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in the urothelium seems to prevent bladder damage from radiation, supplying differentiation and restoration of the urothelium.
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    Histological and Biochemical Investigation of the Effects of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
    Cesur, MG; Onal, T; Bilgin, MD; Sirin, FB; Inan, S; Koken, EC; Alkan, A; Cesur, G
    Objective: The goal of our study is to assess the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Methods: For this study, 40 adult male Wistar albino rats (12-weeks old age) were used from the Animal Laboratory at Adnan Menderes University. Rats were divided into four groups each of ten. Group 1 was the untreated as a control. In group 2, an orthodontic spring was used to move teeth. For groups 3 and 4, orthodontic treatment was combined with low intensity pulsed ultrasound at 16 J/cm2 or 48 J/cm2 for 14 days, respectively. Tooth movement was measured at the last day of treatment. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTX-I) levels were analyzed biochemically. The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and inflammatory cells, capillary density and new bone formation was determined histologically. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were assessed using immunohistochemical staining. Results: BALP and CTX-I levels in group 4 were significantly higher compared to control (p<0.05). Tooth movement and the number of osteoclasts, inflammatory cells and capillary density in group 4 were significantly greater than group 2 (p<0.05). The intensity levels of RANKL and OPG in group 4 were significantly greater than group 2 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasound is a noninvasive application and promising therapy for accelerating bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement.
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    Histological and electroencephalographic demonstration of probiotic effect for reduce of oxidative stress and apoptosis in experimental traumatic brain injury
    Karakayali, EM; Kocamaz, E; Alpay, S; Onal, T; Oztatlici, M; Durusma, R; Ozel, HF; Mete, M; Barutcuoglu, M; Kutlu, N; Tuglu, MI
    BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota modulates nervous system function. In the literature, it has been shown that this modula-tion is used in many nervous system injuries through oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis mechanisms. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of probiotic (PB) treatment in a rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) model with histological and electroencephalographic (EEG) data.METHODS: Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control group (CONTROL, n=10) and no trauma was applied. Group 2 was the trauma group with the weight-drop technique (TBH, n=10). Group 3 was the sham group (SHAM), (TBH+sterile saline [SS], n=10) rats were given 500 mu L of SS per day by oral gavage. Group 4 was the PB treatment group, (TBH+PB, n=10) rats were treated daily for 7 days with 500 mu L of PB oral gavage. Brain samples were collected 7 days after trauma. Histopathological evaluation of brain samples was done with HE. OS with Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascularization with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, gliosis with S100, and apoptosis with caspase 3 were evaluated immunohistochemically. Apoptotic index was determined with TUNEL. In addition, EEG and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording findings were compared.RESULTS: It was determined by HE staining that there was a significant (P<0.001) damage in the TBI and sham groups compared to the control group. It was found that PB treatment provided a significant (P<0.01) improvement in the damage created. While OS (P<0.01), gliosis (P<0.01), and apoptosis (P<0.05) decreased with PB treatment, angiogenesis (P<0.01) increased. In support of these findings, in the software-mediated EEG and SUP examination; Delta wave power and theta/alpha ratio increased with TBI and de-creased with PB treatment.CONCLUSION: The results showed that PB treatment provided a significant improvement in rats by reducing OS, apoptosis, and gliosis and increasing vascularity. To the best of our knowledge in the literature, it was shown for the 1st time that histological results for the treatment of PB were supported by software-mediated EEG and SEP analysis.