Browsing by Author "Ozturk, M"

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    ALIEN MARINE MACROPHYTES IN TURKEY
    Taskin, E; Aydogan, O; Cinar, E; Ozturk, M
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    Performance analysis of a novel solar energy-based combined plant for alternative fuels production
    Corumlu, V; Ozturk, M
    This paper proposes the design of a new solar power-based multigeneration system for generating hydrogen, ammonia, methane, and other beneficial outputs. This combined plant consists of the solar plant, Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle, single-effect absorption with ejector, carbon dioxide capture, hydrogen, ammonia, methane, drying, hot, and freshwater generation plants. The overall plant is investigated utilizing the Engineering Equation Solver software. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated plant are computed as 0.6689 and 0.6227. In addition, the largest exergy destructions in the system are 6924 and 4037 kW, which occur at the Rankine cycle and solar power cycle, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamic performance of the combined plant is investigated through parametric works and the impacts of plant working conditions on the plant efficiencies are evaluated.
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    The marine brown algae of the East Aegean Sea and Dardanelles - I. Ectocarpaceae, Pylaiellaceae, Chordariaceae, Elachistaceae and Giraudiaceae
    Taskin, E; Ozturk, M
    In this paper 33 species of brown algae (Ectocarpaceae 20, Pylaiellaceae 1, Chordariaceae 9, Elachistaceae 2 and 1 Giraudiaceae) collected along the coast of the East Aegean Sea, Turkey, are reported. Six species are new to Turkey: Hincksia ovata (Kjellman) P.C. Silva, Phaeostroma bertholdii Kuckuck, Streblonema cf. parasiticum (Sauvageau) De Toni, Elachista fucicola (Velley) Areschoug, Spongonema tomentosum (Hudson) Kutzing, Cladosiphon irregularis (Sauvageau) Kylin. The first four of them are also new to the Aegean Sea. Data concerning geographical distribution, morphology and ecology of each species are also given.
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    Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of Concentrating Solar Collector with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Base Nanofluids
    Corumlu, V; Uzun, RO; Ozturk, M
    The use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid is an important alternative to enable the use of parabolic collectors in the high-temperature applications field. In the present paper, the effects of carbon black nanoparticles dispersed in supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO(2)) base fluid on the energetic and exergetic performance of parabolic trough collectors are theoretically investigated. Thermal modeling and performance analyses are performed through the developed model in the Engineering Equation Solver software. To present operating conditions of the system, all working fluids are tested under a pressure of 80 bar at a mass flow rate of 1.1 kg/s. In these analyses, the fluid inlet temperature, ambient temperature, and nanofluid concentration are determined as the variable indicators. Up to approximately working fluid inlet temperature of 705 K, the exergy efficiencies of the concentrating collectors using the sCO(2) nanofluids are higher than that of the concentrating collector using the sCO(2) base fluid. Additionally, the exergy efficiency increases in the systems using nanofluids with 2% and 4% concentration ratio are between 0.34-6.96% and 0.49-11.44%, respectively, according to the system using base fluid. Besides, at the working fluid inlet temperature values greater than 705 K, the exergy efficiency of the collector of using the sCO(2) working fluid is found higher than the collectors using the nanofluids. However, at the same working fluid inlet temperatures, the fluid outlet temperatures of the collectors with the sCO(2) nanofluids are higher than the system with sCO(2) working fluid.
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    Masses of the tongue and floor of the mouth: findings on magnetic resonance imaging
    Ozturk, M; Yorulmaz, I; Guney, E; Ozcan, N
    The purpose of this study was to determine the value of MR imaging for the demonstration of masses in the tongue and floor of the mouth. Nine patients were prospectively examined with MR imaging after physical examination. Imaging protocol included T2 and contrast-enhanced and non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences, and the findings were compared with surgical and histopathological results. Histopathological examination revealed four squamous cell carcinomas, one adenoid cystic carcinoma, two tongue abscesses, and one chronic inflammatory change. The other case was diagnosed as hemangioma depending on clinical and imaging findings alone. In cases with squamous cell carcinoma, staging was done on the basis of MR imaging findings, and was found to be T4 in two cases, T3 in one case, and T2 in another. The primary role of MR imaging of the tongue and oropharynx is not to make a tissue diagnosis. Multiple deep biopsies are mandatory for the differentiation of other inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging produces coronal and sagittal image planes to assess the volume and spread of the lesion and helps the surgeon determine the direction in which the biopsy should be performed.
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    Evaluation of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Heat Pipe Charged with Nanofluid
    Corumlu, V; Ozsoy, A; Ozturk, M
    The nanofluid is a colloidal solid-liquid mixture obtained by the dispersing nanoparticles with a high heat transfer coefficient in the base fluid. In general, metal, metal oxide, ceramic and magnetic nanoparticles are used in nanofluids. The nanoparticles suspended in the base fluid of heat pipes effectively increased the heat transfer rate and thermal conductivity properties of the base fluid. The nanofluids have been found to be acting much better for some problems such as sedimentation, erosion, clogging and pressure drop compared to common slurries. The energy transfer is carried out by two-phase heat transfer mechanism in heat pipes. There are many parameters and factors that have an effect in the boiling heat transfer coefficient. It is not easy to understand the positive and negative changes caused by nanofluids in this complex heat transfer mechanism. The surface geometry is a significant indicator on the boiling heat transfer mechanism. Investigation into nanofluid effects besides the surface geometry is very important in the experimental studies. In addition, it is known that nanofluids change the properties of the heater surface, apart from the thermophysical properties. The synthesis methods of nanofluids are presented in this article. Then, the physical and chemical mechanisms determining the long-term stability of nanofluids are explained in detail. Finally, some useful information about the use of nanofluids in heat pipes and pool boiling of nanofluids is given. The presented study also describes the pool boiling mechanism of nanofluids to understand the positive effects of nanofluids on the heat pipes heat transfer mechanism.
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    DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES TAKEN FROM GEDIZ RIVER (TURKEY)
    Minareci, O; Ozturk, M; Minareci, E
    In this study, heavy metal concentrations of Gediz River were determined between July 2001 and April 2002. Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb content of water and sediment samples were investigated. The values obtained in this study were compared with permitted maximum heavy metal concentrations for irrigation. All metal concentrations found were low (Cu 0.10, Fe 0.28, Mn 0.19, Zn 1.32, Cd 0.004, Co 0.006, Ni 0.12, Pb 0.22 mg L-1) but chromium (0.12 mg L-1) was at limit concentration at some stations. According to these results, the water is acceptable for irrigation. Furthermore, water sample results were compared with inorganic pollution limit amounts announced by the Water Pollution Control Regulation. It is obvious that the water pollution at Gediz River reached levels threatening public health, because of the high chromium (0.12 mg L-1) and lead (0.22 mg L-1) levels.
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    Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet distribution width: A potential new peripheral biomarker in adolescent depression
    Ozturk, M; Ozkan, Y; Sapmaz, SY; Kandemir, H
    Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of ado-lescent depression by evaluating neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and hemogram parameters and also to determine whether there is a relationship between depression severity and inflammatory parameters. Method: This retrospective study was carried out on 93 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 65 healthy control. Clinical features such as diagnosis date, diagnosis during admission to hospital using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, comorbid phys-ical and psychiatric illness, drug use, previous psychiatric diagnosis, history of suicide attempt were determined. In addition, hemogram parameters of the participant included in the study in the hospital data system were used. Results: NLR and platelet distribution width (PDW) were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). A weakly significant positive correlation (p =0.039, r=0.165) was found between NLR and depression seve-rity scale; a positive correlation was found between PDW and depression scale scores and depression severity scale total scores (p<0.001, r=0.317; p<0.001, r=0.320, respectively). Discussion: NLR and PDW were found to be significantly higher in patients with MDD than in healthy controls, and it supports the possible role of low-grade inflammation in the pathophysiology of MDD. In the next years, prospective studies in which hemogram parameters are evaluated together with proinflammato-ry cytokines will more clearly illuminate the role of inflammation and platelet activation in the etiology of MDD in adolescents.
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    Treatment-Resistant Depression that Recovered after Toxoplasma Gondii Treatment: A Case Report
    Ozkan, Y; Sapmaz, S; Sen, S; Ozturk, M; Kandemir, H
    Toxoplasma Gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which may infect all nucleated cells. Studies conducted in adult patients show that toxoplasmosis may be related to psychiatric diseases and there is a correlation between Toxoplasma Gondii and schizophrenia, depressive disorder, type 1 bipolar disorder, increased suicide rates, obsessive compulsive disorder, high aggressiveness and impulsivity. Besides psychosocial causes, biological entities such as chronic physical diseases, neuroendocrine disorders and infections that affect immune system are also blamed for depression. The mechanism by which infections affect the immune system and cause an increase in depression and suicidal behaviours has been tried to be explained by the changes in monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. In this case, an adolescent girl with treatment-resistant major depression, was treated of her depression after she was diagnosed and treated for T. Gondii infection. Globally, Toxoplasma Gondii infection is usually asymptomatic with 33% prevalence but its effects on brain are uncertain. Its effects may vary from individual to individual. Immunosuppressed persons may experience many different clinical pictures, and those with good immunity may experience psychiatric symptoms or even treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. Seropositivity of toxoplasma gondii should also be considered in treatment-related psychiatric disorders.
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    Assessment of in vitro antitumoral and antimicrobial activities of marine algae harvested from the eastern Mediterranean sea
    Taskin, E; Caki, Z; Ozturk, M; Taskin, E
    Antitumoral activities of five algal extracts obtained from the marine algae Scytosiphon lomentaria, Padina pavonica, Cystoseira mediterranea (Phaeophyceae), Hypnea musciformis and Spyridia filamentosa (Rhodophyta) were assessed against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the human prostate carcinoma epithelium like cell lines DU 145, LNCaP, PC3 using the cytotoxic assay, in vitro. The crude extract of S. filamentosa showed strong cytotoxic activity against the DU-145 cell line, and it showed less than 10% cell viability after treatment. Antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts of algae (with the exception of H. musciformis) were also tested by disc diffusion assay against three Gram positive and five Gram negative bacterial strains and against the yeast pathogen Candida albicans. Among the extraxts, S. lomentaria extract (prepared with methanol) inhibited highly Gram negative bacterium Salmonella typhimurium growth while C. albicans growth was only inhibited by C. mediterrranea extract.
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    Antibacterial activities of some marine algae from the Aegean Sea (Turkey)
    Taskin, E; Ozturk, M; Taskin, E; Kurt, O
    In this study, methanolic extracts of six marine algae belong to Rhodophyceae (Corallina officinalis), Phaeophyceae (Cystoseira barbata, Dictyota dichotoma, Halopteris filicina, Cladostephus spongiosus f. verticillatus) and Chlorophyceae (Ulva rigida) from the North Aegean Sea (Turkey) were studied for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic microbes, 3 gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecalis) and 3 Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. coli O157:H7) in vitro. Extracts of all the test marine algae except C. officinalis showed inhibition against S. aureus. On the other hand, highest inhibiton activity among all the extratcs was shown to E. aerogenes by C. officinalis. The extract from C. barbata has shown broader activity spectrum against all the test organisms.
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    Evaluation of the Depression, Anxiety Levels and Attitudes of Mothers of Children with Celiac Disease
    Dogan, G; Sapmaz, SY; Appak, YC; Ozturk, M; Yigit, Y; Kasirga, E
    Objective: In celiac disease, a gluten-free diet is required for lifelong. Difficulties experienced by children with celiac disease can also negatively affect caregivers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anxiety and depression of mothers having a child with celiac disease, and evaluate mothers' attitude towards their children. Method: Thirty-six children with celiac disease, their mothers, and 36 healthy controls were included in the study. The Parent Attitude Research Instrument, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were completed by all mothers. Results: The mothers of children with celiac disease had significantly higher scores in depression and state-trait anxiety than the mothers of the healthy children. Mothers of children with celiac disease had significantly higher scores in the attitude of overparenting, authoritarian attitude and attitude of hostility and rejection than the mothers of healthy children. Conclusion: This study revealed that having a child with celiac disease might have negative effects on mothers and their attitudes towards their children. Because of psychopathologic risks appropriate psychologic support should be provided for mothers.
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    An experimental study on the effects copper and lead on the seedlings of some economically important vegetable species
    Candan, F; Ozturk, M; Altay, V; Yalcin, IE
    Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in vegetables is closely related to the problems of safety concerns as they negatively affect plants in particular those consumed by the humans. Among the food systems the vegetables are the most noticeable foods affected by environmental pollution. Vegetables can take up the metals like copper and lead and store them in excessive levels. Keeping this in view this investigation was undertaken to study the effect of copper and lead concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 640, and 1280 mu M) and assess their toxic affects on germination and seedling growth at early stages of eight vegetable cultivars; kidney bean, peas, black-eyed bean, artichoke, kale, lettuce, rocket and radish. The results were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Our results indicate that the seeds of the vegetables studied by us are generally tolerant to both copper as well lead, except higher concentration exposures which showed no improvement when applied to artichoke (for Cu 1280 mu M) and lettuce seeds (Cu 1280 mu M; Pb 1280 mu M). An application of copper and lead ended up with a decrease in barium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium and zinc content in all seedlings studied. In all vegetables exposed to copper and lead a promotion in copper and lead accumulation was recorded. There was a decrease in nutrient element intake which interrupted the mineral element uptake in the seedlings.
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    Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of DSM-5 Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms-Child Age 11-17 Form
    Sapmaz, SY; Erkuran, HO; Ergin, D; Sen Celasin, N; Karaarslan, D; Ozturk, M; Koroglu, E; Aydemir, O
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms-Child Age 11-17 Form. Method: The scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and back-translation of DSM-5 Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms-Child Age 11-17 Form. Study group consisted of 30 patients that have been treated in a child psychiatry clinic and diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and 40 healthy volunteers that attended middle or high school at the study period. For the assessment, Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index was also used along with DSM-5 Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms-Child Age 11-17 Form Results: Regarding reliability analyses, Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency was calculated as 0.918 while item-total score correlation coefficients ranged 0.595-0.837. Test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r=0.651. Concerning construct validity, one factor that could explain 67.7% of the variance was obtained. With respect to concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index. Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish version of DSM-5 Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms-Child Age 11-17 Form could be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.
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    Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the DSM- 5 Severity Measure for Agoraphobia-Child Age 11-17
    Sapmaz, SY; Erkuran, HO; Ergin, D; Ozturk, M; Sen Celasin, N; Karaarslan, D; Koroglu, E; Aydemir, O
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Severity Measure for Agoraphobia-Child Age 11-17. Method: Study group consisted of 36 patients, who have been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with agoraphobia, and 100 healthy volunteers who have been secondary and highschool students. For the assessment, the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders ( SCARED) was used along with the DSM-5 Severity Measure for Agoraphobia- Child Age 11-17. Results: Regarding reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.929. Test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.566. For concurrent validity, the measure showed a high correlation with the SCARED. In ROC analysis, area under ROC curve was calculated as 0.934. Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish version of the DSM-5 Severity Measure for Agoraphobia-Child Age 11-17 could be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.
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    ALGAE MICROFLORA OF PAMUKKALE THERMAL WATER (UNESCO, 485) 45 YEARS AGO AND NOW
    Ulcay, SO; Kurt, O; Ozturk, M; Guner, H
    The first detailed study of the thermal waters flora of Turkey was carried out in 1966 by Guner and it was entitled The Microflora of Pamukkale Thermal Waters. In this study we investigated the algae flora of the region in 2008-2010. The results were compared with the composition of algae in 1966. Twenty taxa were identified this research which is half of Guner's study. In both studies, the 5 common taxa (Phormidium cortianum, P. versicolor, Spirulina subsalsa, Navicula microstauron and Cylindrocystis brebissonii) were identified. Epilithic algae flora of CaCO3 deposition which has very special environments was investigated due to flow rate of thermal water in Pamukkale and affection of human activities.
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    Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia - Child Form According to DSM-5
    Sapmaz, SY; Erkuran, HO; Ergin, D; Ozturk, M; Sen Celasin, N; Karaarslan, D; Koroglu, E; Aydemir, O
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia - Child Form according to DSM-5. Method: The study group consisted of 50 patients treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with any specific phobia and 100 healthy volunteers. For the assessment, the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used along with the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia Child Form according to DSM-5. Results: For reliability, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated to be 0.96t Test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated r=0.750. As for construct validity, one factor that could explain 74.1% of the variance was obtained, which is consistent with the original structure of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the correlation coefficient with the SCARED in children is r=0.480. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Severity Measure for Specific Phobia - Child Form can be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.
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    Neurotoxic effect of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea by neurite inhibition on the neuroblastoma cell line
    Kurt, O; Ozdal-Kurt, F; Tuglu, I; Deliloglu-Gurhan, SI; Ozturk, M
    In the present study, antiproliferative, apoptotic and especially neurotoxic effects of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea dry and wet extracts on mouse neuroblastoma cell line, NA2B were investigated by neurotoxicity screening test (NST). C. racemosa var. cylindracea wet and dry extracts were obtained by methanol (MT) extraction. The effect of the extracts on viability and proliferation was measured by MTT. NA2B cells were induced to differentiate using 1 mu M dcAMP and the amount of inhibition of growing neurites in different dilutions (50, 35, 25, 15, 10 and 5 mu l/ml) by extracts was measured. The number of apoptotic cells was computed by TUNEL method using cells in culture. It was found that majority of the cells died with dry extract above the level of 15 mu l/ml due to the MT effect. Below this level, on the other hand, presence of cell death and antiproliferative effect was noted due to the toxic effects of C. racemosa var. cylindracea which was independent of MT. In all doses of wet extracts, similar but less prominent dose-dependent effects were observed. Below the level of 15 mu l/ml, mild toxic effect presented itself with neurite inhibition. In addition to the toxic, apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of C. racemosa var. cylindracea, its neurotoxic effects possessing property at low concentrations which manifesting itself by neurite inhibition was also showed. This species offers a potential for developing new drugs due to its antiproliferative, toxic and apoptotic effects. Nevertheless, its neurotoxic effect is a factor to be considered as multifunctional agents especially in neuronal metabolism.
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    Prevalence of Childhood Affective disorders in Turkey: An epidemiological study
    Karacetin, G; Arman, AR; Fis, NP; Demirci, E; Ozmen, S; Hesapcioglu, ST; Oztop, D; Tufan, AE; Tural, U; Aktepe, E; Aksu, H; Ardic, UA; Basgul, S; Bilac, O; Coskun, M; Celik, GG; Demirkaya, SK; Dursun, OB; Durukan, I; Fidan, T; Gencoglan, S; Gokcen, C; Gokten, ES; Gorker, I; Gormez, V; Gundogdu, OY; Gurkan, CK; Herguner, S; Kandemir, H; Kilic, BG; Kilincaslan, A; Mutluer, T; Nasiroglu, S; Ozcan, OO; Ozturk, M; Sapmaz, SY; Suren, S; Sahin, N; Tahiroglu, AY; Toros, F; Unal, F; Vural, P; Yazici, IP; Yazici, KU; Yildirim, V; Yulaf, Y; Yuce, M; Yuksel, T; Akdemir, D; Altun, H; Ayik, B; Bilgic, A; Bozkurt, OH; Cakir, ED; Ceri, V; Demir, NU; Dinc, G; Irmak, MY; Karaman, D; Kinik, MF; Mazlum, B; Memik, NC; Ozdemir, DF; Sinir, H; Tasdelen, BI; Taskin, B; Ugur, C; Uran, P; Uysal, T; Uneri, OS; Yilmaz, S; Yilmaz, SS; Acikel, B; Aktas, H; Alaca, R; Alic, BG; Almbaidheen, M; Ari, FP; Aslan, C; Atabay, E; Ay, MG; Aydemir, H; Ayranci, G; Babadagi, Z; Bayar, H; Bayhan, PC; Bayram, O; Bektas, ND; Berberoglu, KK; Bostan, R; Cakan, Y; Canli, MA; Cansiz, MA; Ceylan, C; Coskun, N; Coskun, S; Demir, I; Demir, N; Demirdogen, EY; Dogan, B; Donmez, YE; Donder, F; Efe, A; Eray, S; Erbilgin, S; Erden, S; Ersoy, EG; Eseroglu, T; Firat, SK; Gok, EE; Goksoy, SC; Guler, G; Gules, Z; Gunay, G; Gunes, S; Gunes, A; Guven, G; Horozcu, H; Irmak, A; Isik, U; Kahraman, O; Kalayci, BM; Karaaslan, U; Karadag, M; Kilic, HT; Kilicaslan, F; Kinay, D; Koc, EB; Kocael, O; Mutlu, RK; San, Z; Nalbant, K; Okumus, N; Ozbek, F; Ozdemir, FA; Ozdemir, H; Ozgur, BG; Ozkan, S; Ozyurt, EY; Polat, B; Polat, H; Sekmen, E; Sertcelik, M; Sevgen, FH; Sevince, O; Shamkhalova, U; Suleyman, F; Simsek, NE; Tanir, Y; Tekden, M; Temtek, S; Topal, M; Topal, Z; Turk, T; Ucar, HN; Ucar, F; Uygun, D; Uzun, N; Vatansever, Z; Yazgili, NG; Yildiz, DM; Yildiz, N; Ercan, ES
    Aim: To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population. Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher. Results: A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment. Conclusion: MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents.
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    Nail changes in connective tissue diseases: do nail changes provide clues for the diagnosis?
    Tunc, SE; Ertam, I; Pirildar, T; Turk, T; Ozturk, M; Doganavsargil, E
    Objective To evaluate the frequency and the specificity of nail changes associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Methods In a case-control study, 190 patients including those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 56), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, 47), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS; 35), systemic sclerosis (SSc; 39), and dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM; 13) were enrolled in the study. Patients with SLE and other CTDs were compared with two different control groups. Twenty nails were examined. Nail features were noted and classified. Nail samples were collected for mycological cultures. Results In patients with SLE, erythema of proximal nailfold (P < 0.01), splinter haemorrhages in fingernails (P < 0.01), capillary loops in proximal nailfold (P < 0.05), periungual erythema (P < 0.05), and thin nail plates (P < 0.05) were more common than those in controls. Only splinter haemorrhages were associated with the disease activity. In patients with SSc and DM/PM, splinter haemorrhages (P < 0.05) and capillary loops in proximal nailfold (P < 0.01) in fingernails were common as well. Increase in longitudinal curvature (P < 0.001), transverse curvature (P < 0.01), and white dull colour in fingernails were other frequent findings in patients with SSc. Increase in transverse curvature was associated with the disease activity in SSc. In patients with RA, splinter haemorrhages (P < 0.05), red lunula (P < 0.05), and white dull colour (P < 0.05) in fingernails were frequent. The sensitivity values of all these changes were very low. However, their specificity values were found to be relatively high. Conclusion Proximal nailfold is the most important site of affection in CTDs. These nail changes can be used in combination with highly sensitive diagnostic modalities to establish an accurate diagnosis.